Manhua Wang, Se Hyeon Park, S. Lee, Philipp Hock, M. Baumann
Intelligent agents (IAs) have become popular with the development of artificial intelligence technologies. In-vehicle intelligent agent (IVIA), a specialized version of IAs in a vehicle context, is also notable. However, it is hard to well-define user needs and requirements and translate them into actual design features because many factors (user characteristics, task types, road conditions, etc.) are complicated to consider. In this vein, to make a better understanding of the topic, the purposes of this workshop are: 1) to integrate a list of design variables and characteristics of IVIAs, 2) to develop IVIA prototypes especially considering factors of appearances and voices, and 3) to investigate user preferences towards IVIA prototypes under different user scenarios. Through the user-involved design activities, we will seek to contribute the design of IVIAs.
{"title":"Build Your Own Genie and Jarvis: 2nd Workshop on Characteristics and Design Considerations of In-Vehicle Intelligent Agents","authors":"Manhua Wang, Se Hyeon Park, S. Lee, Philipp Hock, M. Baumann","doi":"10.1145/3544999.3552313","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3544999.3552313","url":null,"abstract":"Intelligent agents (IAs) have become popular with the development of artificial intelligence technologies. In-vehicle intelligent agent (IVIA), a specialized version of IAs in a vehicle context, is also notable. However, it is hard to well-define user needs and requirements and translate them into actual design features because many factors (user characteristics, task types, road conditions, etc.) are complicated to consider. In this vein, to make a better understanding of the topic, the purposes of this workshop are: 1) to integrate a list of design variables and characteristics of IVIAs, 2) to develop IVIA prototypes especially considering factors of appearances and voices, and 3) to investigate user preferences towards IVIA prototypes under different user scenarios. Through the user-involved design activities, we will seek to contribute the design of IVIAs.","PeriodicalId":350782,"journal":{"name":"Adjunct Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Applications","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115238499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L. Murthy, Gyanig Kumar, Modiksha Madan, Sachin Deshmukh, P. Biswas
Automotive Head-Up Displays (HUD) offer a promising alternative to the existing Head Down Displays (HDD) inside the car. Since HUDs lie closer to the driver’s line of sight, they reduce eyes-off-the-road time of the drivers while interacting with them. Yet existing HUDs do not provide interactivity restricting their potential to mere information visualization. In this work, we proposed a novel webcam-based gaze tracking system to interact with the icons on HUD. We conducted a user study on a driving simulator and compared the proposed system with a Gesture-based system. We collected quantitative and qualitative metrics from 8 participants while they were performing a dual-task trial. We observed that using the proposed eye gaze system, users were able to select icons on the HUD as fast as gesture modality. Further, users perceived significantly lower cognitive load and expressed significantly higher preference towards the proposed eye gaze control system than the gesture-based system.
{"title":"Efficient Interaction with Automotive Heads-Up Displays using Appearance-based Gaze Tracking","authors":"L. Murthy, Gyanig Kumar, Modiksha Madan, Sachin Deshmukh, P. Biswas","doi":"10.1145/3544999.3554818","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3544999.3554818","url":null,"abstract":"Automotive Head-Up Displays (HUD) offer a promising alternative to the existing Head Down Displays (HDD) inside the car. Since HUDs lie closer to the driver’s line of sight, they reduce eyes-off-the-road time of the drivers while interacting with them. Yet existing HUDs do not provide interactivity restricting their potential to mere information visualization. In this work, we proposed a novel webcam-based gaze tracking system to interact with the icons on HUD. We conducted a user study on a driving simulator and compared the proposed system with a Gesture-based system. We collected quantitative and qualitative metrics from 8 participants while they were performing a dual-task trial. We observed that using the proposed eye gaze system, users were able to select icons on the HUD as fast as gesture modality. Further, users perceived significantly lower cognitive load and expressed significantly higher preference towards the proposed eye gaze control system than the gesture-based system.","PeriodicalId":350782,"journal":{"name":"Adjunct Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Applications","volume":"101 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132456953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chantal Himmels, Teresa Rock, J. Venrooij, A. Riener
Driving simulator studies often face the problem that traffic situations cannot be represented sufficiently realistically, which reduces the sense of presence and can influence the driving behavior of the participants. However, factors influencing the sense of presence in driving simulators have yet poorly been investigated. We conducted a within-subjects experiment with N=50 participants comparing presence between a lower- and a higher-fidelity simulator in different driving scenarios. Results indicate that a higher sense of presence can be achieved using a higher-fidelity simulator. Due to differences in both the visualization and the motion systems of the two simulators, the differences cannot yet be attributed to individual factors on the simulator side. The exact relation of presence and driving behavior likewise remains unclear and should be the subject of further investigation.
{"title":"Simulator Fidelity Influences the Sense of Presence in Driving Simulators","authors":"Chantal Himmels, Teresa Rock, J. Venrooij, A. Riener","doi":"10.1145/3544999.3552526","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3544999.3552526","url":null,"abstract":"Driving simulator studies often face the problem that traffic situations cannot be represented sufficiently realistically, which reduces the sense of presence and can influence the driving behavior of the participants. However, factors influencing the sense of presence in driving simulators have yet poorly been investigated. We conducted a within-subjects experiment with N=50 participants comparing presence between a lower- and a higher-fidelity simulator in different driving scenarios. Results indicate that a higher sense of presence can be achieved using a higher-fidelity simulator. Due to differences in both the visualization and the motion systems of the two simulators, the differences cannot yet be attributed to individual factors on the simulator side. The exact relation of presence and driving behavior likewise remains unclear and should be the subject of further investigation.","PeriodicalId":350782,"journal":{"name":"Adjunct Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Applications","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123505796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Autonomous vehicles (AVs) have the potential for the future of transportation and changes are expected in user perceptions and behaviors, where the autonomous driving technology system can perform all driving tasks. It was invented to drive without human involvement. However, users are concerned about the impact of AVs, such as safety, security, and environmental aspects. This paper is a report of a systematic review to identify and analyze the main factors affecting trust in AVs. We applied the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method and the Pareto analysis was applied to investigate the relative importance of the factors affecting trust in AVs. We found fifty factors affecting trust in AVs in the collected literature and identified the important factors in terms of frequency. These factors can be considered the entry point for other both industry sectors and researchers.
{"title":"Meta-Trend of Trust Factors in Autonomous Vehicles","authors":"Rattawut Vongvit, Jieun Lee, M. Itoh, S. Lee","doi":"10.1145/3544999.3552528","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3544999.3552528","url":null,"abstract":"Autonomous vehicles (AVs) have the potential for the future of transportation and changes are expected in user perceptions and behaviors, where the autonomous driving technology system can perform all driving tasks. It was invented to drive without human involvement. However, users are concerned about the impact of AVs, such as safety, security, and environmental aspects. This paper is a report of a systematic review to identify and analyze the main factors affecting trust in AVs. We applied the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method and the Pareto analysis was applied to investigate the relative importance of the factors affecting trust in AVs. We found fifty factors affecting trust in AVs in the collected literature and identified the important factors in terms of frequency. These factors can be considered the entry point for other both industry sectors and researchers.","PeriodicalId":350782,"journal":{"name":"Adjunct Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Applications","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133372940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zhanyan Qiu, Mark Mcgill, Katharina Margareta Theresa Pöhlmann, S. Brewster
Virtual Reality systems have the potential to change the way we interact with digital content in vehicles. However, wearing a VR headset in a vehicle may increase the chances of experiencing motion sickness. There is an open question as to how to convey visual motion alongside VR content to reduce motion sickness. This research explores possible countermeasures to alleviate motion sickness by delivering visual cues of physical motion through the position of virtual displays, implicitly conveying the motion without the need for additional distracting visual cues, which could alleviate motion sickness. The results showed that such visual cues significantly reduced symptoms associated with motion sickness. We expected our findings to lead to concrete suggestions to optimize VR user experiences and user comfort in vehicles.
{"title":"Display Rotation for Reducing Motion Sickness Caused by Using VR in Vehicles","authors":"Zhanyan Qiu, Mark Mcgill, Katharina Margareta Theresa Pöhlmann, S. Brewster","doi":"10.1145/3544999.3552489","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3544999.3552489","url":null,"abstract":"Virtual Reality systems have the potential to change the way we interact with digital content in vehicles. However, wearing a VR headset in a vehicle may increase the chances of experiencing motion sickness. There is an open question as to how to convey visual motion alongside VR content to reduce motion sickness. This research explores possible countermeasures to alleviate motion sickness by delivering visual cues of physical motion through the position of virtual displays, implicitly conveying the motion without the need for additional distracting visual cues, which could alleviate motion sickness. The results showed that such visual cues significantly reduced symptoms associated with motion sickness. We expected our findings to lead to concrete suggestions to optimize VR user experiences and user comfort in vehicles.","PeriodicalId":350782,"journal":{"name":"Adjunct Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Applications","volume":"17 10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131209428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Voice characteristics are important considerations when designing in-vehicle intelligent agents (IVIAs). We aimed to investigate the relationship between AVs' appearance and IVIAs voices. A user experiment on the preference for voices of IVIAs in AVs was designed and conducted to achieve the objective. In the experiment, 84 voices were created with the combinations of gender, communication style, and situations. The Participants were asked to select one of two voices after playing two randomly selected voices, and a total of 798 selection data was collected. We found their preferences by analyzing the ratio of selection frequency in different categories. Among two vehicle appearance features, significant differences were only found depending on the vehicle type. This experiment was a preliminary study to investigate user preference for IVIA's voices from various perspectives. We hope that this effort will contribute to developing and designing IVIAs.
{"title":"Which Voice Do You want To Hear From Your Automated Vehicle? User Preference on In-Vehicle Intelligent Agent Voice in Automated Vehicles","authors":"Se Hyeon Park, S. Lee","doi":"10.1145/3544999.3552523","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3544999.3552523","url":null,"abstract":"Voice characteristics are important considerations when designing in-vehicle intelligent agents (IVIAs). We aimed to investigate the relationship between AVs' appearance and IVIAs voices. A user experiment on the preference for voices of IVIAs in AVs was designed and conducted to achieve the objective. In the experiment, 84 voices were created with the combinations of gender, communication style, and situations. The Participants were asked to select one of two voices after playing two randomly selected voices, and a total of 798 selection data was collected. We found their preferences by analyzing the ratio of selection frequency in different categories. Among two vehicle appearance features, significant differences were only found depending on the vehicle type. This experiment was a preliminary study to investigate user preference for IVIA's voices from various perspectives. We hope that this effort will contribute to developing and designing IVIAs.","PeriodicalId":350782,"journal":{"name":"Adjunct Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Applications","volume":"112 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127974658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Holländer, L. Morich, N. Merat, G. Burnett, Virpi Roto, Wendy Ju, D. Sirkin
{"title":"Radical Innovations in Future Mobility and Virtual Assistants","authors":"K. Holländer, L. Morich, N. Merat, G. Burnett, Virpi Roto, Wendy Ju, D. Sirkin","doi":"10.1145/3544999.3551501","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3544999.3551501","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":350782,"journal":{"name":"Adjunct Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Applications","volume":"106 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124100176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. Yang, Younghoon Kim, Moses Jueng, Youngjun Kim, Jaeseok Park, Seunghyun Yang
More attention to automotive UX has risen due to Mobility as a service or Transportation as a service. The work of the team is to create a user experience design for clusters, an in-car infotainment system, a head up display, and a connected car smartphone app. Hyundai infotainment UX team provides various design case studies which show the user experience design of Ioniq5 EV vehicle, N UX design for high performance vehicle, connected car smartphone app, automotive voice UX, and the most recently launched Genesis GV60 infotainment system UX development process.
由于移动即服务(Mobility as a service)或交通即服务(Transportation as a service)，对汽车用户体验的关注越来越多。该团队的工作是创建集群用户体验设计，车内信息娱乐系统，平视显示器，联网汽车智能手机应用程序。现代信息娱乐UX团队提供了各种设计案例，展示了Ioniq5 EV汽车的用户体验设计，高性能汽车的N UX设计，联网汽车智能手机应用程序，汽车语音UX，以及最近推出的捷恩斯GV60信息娱乐系统UX开发过程。
{"title":"How Hyundai UX Team Develops","authors":"H. Yang, Younghoon Kim, Moses Jueng, Youngjun Kim, Jaeseok Park, Seunghyun Yang","doi":"10.1145/3544999.3550157","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3544999.3550157","url":null,"abstract":"More attention to automotive UX has risen due to Mobility as a service or Transportation as a service. The work of the team is to create a user experience design for clusters, an in-car infotainment system, a head up display, and a connected car smartphone app. Hyundai infotainment UX team provides various design case studies which show the user experience design of Ioniq5 EV vehicle, N UX design for high performance vehicle, connected car smartphone app, automotive voice UX, and the most recently launched Genesis GV60 infotainment system UX development process.","PeriodicalId":350782,"journal":{"name":"Adjunct Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Applications","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131291003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Linnéa Lidander, Fjollë Novakazi, Gustav Erhardsson
Pending the race towards fully automated drive, vehicles offering several levels of automation are a prevalent scenario, as many road types, traffic and weather conditions will not allow fully automated drive. Instead, fragmented trips with regard to automation will prevail, where drivers will have different levels of automation available at different times. Given this scenario and the complexity of vehicles offering multiple levels of automation with different driving modes depending on prevailing conditions, the need for drivers to understand their responsibility during the different modes becomes critical. During an on-road Wizard-of-Oz driving study under real driving conditions, 20 participants were confronted with a vehicle offering both a level 2 and a level 4 driving automation system. Based on the conducted interviews a conceptual model outlining the different blocks constituting the drivers’ perceived responsibility over the driving task was developed. This model can be used as a support in designing and developing driving automation systems and a clear system design which aids drivers understanding of their responsibility during the interaction with an automated vehicle.
{"title":"Building Blocks of Responsibility - A Conceptual Model Illustrating the Factors Influencing Perceived Responsibility Over the Driving Task when Interacting with Driving Automation Systems","authors":"Linnéa Lidander, Fjollë Novakazi, Gustav Erhardsson","doi":"10.1145/3544999.3552524","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3544999.3552524","url":null,"abstract":"Pending the race towards fully automated drive, vehicles offering several levels of automation are a prevalent scenario, as many road types, traffic and weather conditions will not allow fully automated drive. Instead, fragmented trips with regard to automation will prevail, where drivers will have different levels of automation available at different times. Given this scenario and the complexity of vehicles offering multiple levels of automation with different driving modes depending on prevailing conditions, the need for drivers to understand their responsibility during the different modes becomes critical. During an on-road Wizard-of-Oz driving study under real driving conditions, 20 participants were confronted with a vehicle offering both a level 2 and a level 4 driving automation system. Based on the conducted interviews a conceptual model outlining the different blocks constituting the drivers’ perceived responsibility over the driving task was developed. This model can be used as a support in designing and developing driving automation systems and a clear system design which aids drivers understanding of their responsibility during the interaction with an automated vehicle.","PeriodicalId":350782,"journal":{"name":"Adjunct Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Applications","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134487335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the Automated Driving Systems domain, conditional automation requires the driver to be ready to resume vehicle control if a Take-Over Request is triggered. Keeping a constant alert cognitive state, however, is one of the biggest challenges for drivers, susceptible to Non-Driving Related Tasks during autonomous driving modes. Although the communication between the vehicle and its operator can mitigate the risks (e.g., auditory warning signals), there is no consensus on what type of modality delivers the safest option. In that context, we present the HEDGEHOG, a steering wheel that uses force haptic signals to continuously deliver stimuli to the driver's hands. Based on existing risk assessment frameworks used to evaluate Autonomous Vehicles, this demonstration proposes the use of this device to increase the driver's Situation Awareness during the transition of control from automated to manual vehicle control.
{"title":"HEDGEHOG: A Steering Wheel Prototype to Continuously Enhance Driver's Situation Awareness During Conditional Vehicle Automation","authors":"Guilherme Daniel Gomes, R. Flynn, Niall Murray","doi":"10.1145/3544999.3554973","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3544999.3554973","url":null,"abstract":"In the Automated Driving Systems domain, conditional automation requires the driver to be ready to resume vehicle control if a Take-Over Request is triggered. Keeping a constant alert cognitive state, however, is one of the biggest challenges for drivers, susceptible to Non-Driving Related Tasks during autonomous driving modes. Although the communication between the vehicle and its operator can mitigate the risks (e.g., auditory warning signals), there is no consensus on what type of modality delivers the safest option. In that context, we present the HEDGEHOG, a steering wheel that uses force haptic signals to continuously deliver stimuli to the driver's hands. Based on existing risk assessment frameworks used to evaluate Autonomous Vehicles, this demonstration proposes the use of this device to increase the driver's Situation Awareness during the transition of control from automated to manual vehicle control.","PeriodicalId":350782,"journal":{"name":"Adjunct Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Applications","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130159506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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