Pub Date : 2023-11-02DOI: 10.1080/03740463.2023.2249328
Marie Lammert, Hélène Vassiliadou
RÉSUMÉCet article étudie les propriétés sémantiques et distributionnelles du nom objectif, tout en mettant au jour les difficultés rencontrées dans l’élaboration de typologies nominales et dans la manipulation des tests dédiés à leur justification. Objectif est un nom capsule, largement reconnu comme tel dans les recherches qui lui sont consacrées. Cette classe de noms relevant d’un mode de fonctionnement particulier, il n’en demeure pas moins que l’on peut attribuer une catégorie sémantique à objectif. Les tests distributionnels proposés dans la littérature peinent cependant à circonscrire l’ensemble de ses caractéristiques, dans la mesure où il présente des propriétés des noms d’objets mentaux et des noms de lieux.MOTS CLÉS: Typologie nominalenom d’objet mentalfinalitéprojection RemerciementsNous adressons tous nos remerciements à Francine Gerhard-Krait pour nos discussions stimulantes et son enrichissante relecture de notre travail, ainsi qu’a nos deux relecteurs anonymes.Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Notes1 Nous choisissons d’utiliser l’étiquette de nom capsule pour éviter les écueils que soulève celle de nom sous-spécifié qui peut, selon les auteurs, concerner le niveau sémantique, syntaxique et /ou discursif et informationnel.2 La question du domaine touché par la sous-spécification est cruciale : des noms « spécifiés » d’un point de vue sémantique peuvent en effet être employés comme noms capsules (constat, aveu, reproche, etc.) et des noms « non spécifiés » ou généraux d’un point de vue sémantique peuvent aussi jouer ce rôle (fait, action, etc.). Pour notre part, la sous-spécification concerne, comme pour Legallois, le domaine informationnel. Sur la distinction entre noms généraux (ou sommitaux) et noms sous-spécifiés, voir Gerhard-Krait (Citation2021) et Huyghe (Citation2021).3 Certaines (voir notamment les constructions 6 et 7) apparaissent comme absolument non spécifiques des noms capsules. Nous renvoyons à la littérature qui a déjà largement relevé ce point.4 Les autres classes distinguées par Schmid (Citation2000) sont ‘Factual’, ‘Linguistic’, ‘Modal’, ‘Eventive’ et ‘Circumstancial’.5 Les autres catégories concernent les modalités aléthique, épistémique, appréciative, axiologique, déontique et relative.6 Voir aussi la relation sémantico-logique de projection chez Flowerdew et Forest (Citation2015, 44) et les « noms locatifs » qui expriment un lieu orienté que l’on cherche à atteindre chez Gross et Prandi (Citation2004).7 Nous n’exposerons pas ici en détail la démarche et l’analyse de Haas et al. (Citation2022). Précisons cependant que certains tests sont conjonctifs (marqués par ET), c’est-à-dire que le N doit satisfaire l’ensemble des constructions testées pour que le test soit positif, tandis que d’autres sont disjonctifs (marqués par OU), autrement dit le N doit satisfaire au moins l’une des tournures pour que le test soit positif.8 Dans une interprétation donnant les caractéri
Nazarenko(引文2000,123)回顾了亚里士多德的原因概念，该概念区分了有效原因和最终原因，即“执行行为的目的”Sketch Engine通过logDice的典型评分突出显示最典型的动词，logDice表示目标和在对象位置使用它的动词之间的排列链接。与中心的距离构成了典型评分，与每个动词相关的圆圈的大小表明了这种排列的频率。17“目标只是一个潜在的事件，这突出了通过but继续最后一句话的可能性:保罗说这句话是为了说服，但他没有成功”(Gross and Prandi Citation2004, 154)它可以是即时的，即使它的时间价值往往超过它的空间价值。
{"title":"Sémantique du nom <i>objectif</i>","authors":"Marie Lammert, Hélène Vassiliadou","doi":"10.1080/03740463.2023.2249328","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03740463.2023.2249328","url":null,"abstract":"RÉSUMÉCet article étudie les propriétés sémantiques et distributionnelles du nom objectif, tout en mettant au jour les difficultés rencontrées dans l’élaboration de typologies nominales et dans la manipulation des tests dédiés à leur justification. Objectif est un nom capsule, largement reconnu comme tel dans les recherches qui lui sont consacrées. Cette classe de noms relevant d’un mode de fonctionnement particulier, il n’en demeure pas moins que l’on peut attribuer une catégorie sémantique à objectif. Les tests distributionnels proposés dans la littérature peinent cependant à circonscrire l’ensemble de ses caractéristiques, dans la mesure où il présente des propriétés des noms d’objets mentaux et des noms de lieux.MOTS CLÉS: Typologie nominalenom d’objet mentalfinalitéprojection RemerciementsNous adressons tous nos remerciements à Francine Gerhard-Krait pour nos discussions stimulantes et son enrichissante relecture de notre travail, ainsi qu’a nos deux relecteurs anonymes.Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Notes1 Nous choisissons d’utiliser l’étiquette de nom capsule pour éviter les écueils que soulève celle de nom sous-spécifié qui peut, selon les auteurs, concerner le niveau sémantique, syntaxique et /ou discursif et informationnel.2 La question du domaine touché par la sous-spécification est cruciale : des noms « spécifiés » d’un point de vue sémantique peuvent en effet être employés comme noms capsules (constat, aveu, reproche, etc.) et des noms « non spécifiés » ou généraux d’un point de vue sémantique peuvent aussi jouer ce rôle (fait, action, etc.). Pour notre part, la sous-spécification concerne, comme pour Legallois, le domaine informationnel. Sur la distinction entre noms généraux (ou sommitaux) et noms sous-spécifiés, voir Gerhard-Krait (Citation2021) et Huyghe (Citation2021).3 Certaines (voir notamment les constructions 6 et 7) apparaissent comme absolument non spécifiques des noms capsules. Nous renvoyons à la littérature qui a déjà largement relevé ce point.4 Les autres classes distinguées par Schmid (Citation2000) sont ‘Factual’, ‘Linguistic’, ‘Modal’, ‘Eventive’ et ‘Circumstancial’.5 Les autres catégories concernent les modalités aléthique, épistémique, appréciative, axiologique, déontique et relative.6 Voir aussi la relation sémantico-logique de projection chez Flowerdew et Forest (Citation2015, 44) et les « noms locatifs » qui expriment un lieu orienté que l’on cherche à atteindre chez Gross et Prandi (Citation2004).7 Nous n’exposerons pas ici en détail la démarche et l’analyse de Haas et al. (Citation2022). Précisons cependant que certains tests sont conjonctifs (marqués par ET), c’est-à-dire que le N doit satisfaire l’ensemble des constructions testées pour que le test soit positif, tandis que d’autres sont disjonctifs (marqués par OU), autrement dit le N doit satisfaire au moins l’une des tournures pour que le test soit positif.8 Dans une interprétation donnant les caractéri","PeriodicalId":35105,"journal":{"name":"Acta Linguistica Hafniensia","volume":"60 5","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135934788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-26DOI: 10.1080/03740463.2023.2246248
Hans Kronning
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Pub Date : 2023-10-26DOI: 10.1080/03740463.2023.2246249
Lene Schøsler
RÉSUMÉLe but de cette contribution est de revenir sur les discussions autour du concept de l’adjet, terme forgé par Michael Herslund et Finn Sørensen dans les années 1980 et 1990, avec comme but de proposer une vision des relations grammaticales de la phrase qui puisse rendre compte de contraintes combinatoires entre arguments jusque-là non expliquées. Ayant participé à ces discussions, j’ai souhaité analyser le contexte théorique qui avait conduit à des prises de position contrastées.MOTS-CLÉS: Adjetdivergences entre approches en linguistiquela simplicité hjelmsleviennela simplification comme principe d’analyse Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Notes1 Une partie de cette section reprend une nécrologie de Michael Herslund que j’ai rédigée (Schøsler Citation2022).2 http://www.universalis.fr/encyclopedie/distribution-complementaire/.3 Ce point a largement profité d’une discussion avec Frans Gregersen, que je remercie sincèrement pour sa patience et ses lumières.4 C’est moi qui souligne cette partie de la citation qui me paraît primordiale, et qui se réfère à un sens commun des adjets.5 Il se peut que la succession des deux verbes “formulate predict” soit une erreur et qu’il faille en supprimer un. Pourtant, mes relecteurs proposent d’ajouter une virgule entre les deux verbes, ce que j’ai accepté.6 Dans un article de Citation2013, Kjærsgaard discute aussi de façon critique l’idée de l’application du concept de l’adjet à d’autres langues.
RÉSUMÉLe捐助的目的是重新审视l’adjet概念的讨论,最终形成了由Michael Finn Herslund和Søsjirensen 1980和1990年代的宗旨一样,同为句子的语法关系的愿景能够反映的组合状态应力之间的争论至今未进行解释。在参加了这些讨论之后，我想分析导致不同立场的理论背景。关键词:adjetdifference语言学方法的简单性hjelmslevienne简化作为分析原则披露声明作者没有潜在的利益冲突。注1本节的一部分引用了我写的Michael Herslund的讣告(Schøsler引文2022)。2 http://www.universalis.fr/encyclopedie/distribution-complementaire/.3这一点从与Frans Gregersen的讨论中受益匪浅，我真诚地感谢他的耐心和光明我强调了引文的这一部分，这部分在我看来是最重要的，它指的是常识两个动词“formula predict”的顺序可能是错误的，其中一个应该被删除。然而，我的审稿人建议在两个动词之间加一个逗号，我接受了在2013年的一篇文章中，Kjærsgaard也批判性地讨论了将形容词概念应用于其他语言的想法。
{"title":"Autour du concept de l’ <i>adjet</i> : la beauté de la simplicité","authors":"Lene Schøsler","doi":"10.1080/03740463.2023.2246249","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03740463.2023.2246249","url":null,"abstract":"RÉSUMÉLe but de cette contribution est de revenir sur les discussions autour du concept de l’adjet, terme forgé par Michael Herslund et Finn Sørensen dans les années 1980 et 1990, avec comme but de proposer une vision des relations grammaticales de la phrase qui puisse rendre compte de contraintes combinatoires entre arguments jusque-là non expliquées. Ayant participé à ces discussions, j’ai souhaité analyser le contexte théorique qui avait conduit à des prises de position contrastées.MOTS-CLÉS: Adjetdivergences entre approches en linguistiquela simplicité hjelmsleviennela simplification comme principe d’analyse Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Notes1 Une partie de cette section reprend une nécrologie de Michael Herslund que j’ai rédigée (Schøsler Citation2022).2 http://www.universalis.fr/encyclopedie/distribution-complementaire/.3 Ce point a largement profité d’une discussion avec Frans Gregersen, que je remercie sincèrement pour sa patience et ses lumières.4 C’est moi qui souligne cette partie de la citation qui me paraît primordiale, et qui se réfère à un sens commun des adjets.5 Il se peut que la succession des deux verbes “formulate predict” soit une erreur et qu’il faille en supprimer un. Pourtant, mes relecteurs proposent d’ajouter une virgule entre les deux verbes, ce que j’ai accepté.6 Dans un article de Citation2013, Kjærsgaard discute aussi de façon critique l’idée de l’application du concept de l’adjet à d’autres langues.","PeriodicalId":35105,"journal":{"name":"Acta Linguistica Hafniensia","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136381483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-19DOI: 10.1080/03740463.2023.2251322
Hans Basbøll
ABSTRACTMichael Herslund has, as is commonly known, contributed very significantly to Romance and general linguistics, both synchronically and diachronically. But he has also contributed important analyses of his mother tongue, Danish. I have had the privilege to discuss phonological and morphological problems with him, both concerning Romance (particularly French) and Scandinavian (particularly Danish) languages. Here I continue the discussion regarding Danish suprasegmentals, focusing on the entire complex around the Danish laryngeal syllable rhyme prosody called “stød”. In section 2, some basic prosodic features of Danish are discussed, emphasizing Herslund’s contributions and their relation to my own Non-Stød-Model. Section 3 presents challenges posed by Michael Herslund to the Non-Stød Model that have not yet been countered in a wholly satisfactory way. These challenges particularly concern circularity and productivity. This section is just one example of Michael Herslund’s importance for the study of his Danish mother tongue.KEYWORDS: Danishstødmorphologyphonology AcknowledgmentsThis paper is based on several earlier publications of mine (2005, 2008, 2014, 2018, 2019, 2022a, 2022b). I am indebted to Nina Grønnum for many valuable comments on the manuscript (both its first and final version), mainly – but not only – concerning style, and to two anonymous reviewers for numerous insightful comments and suggestions that certainly improved the paper.Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author.Notes1 Herslund says in a note that “This is essentially the analysis proposed by Andersen (Citation1954) into ‘α and β words’”. See the next note.2 Here is a conflict with Andersen’s distinctions: Andersen’s “α-words” only correspond to Herslund’s monosyllabic Type A-words, whereas Herslund’s polysyllabic Type A-words correspond to Andersen’s “γ-words”.3 Inflected forms of the latter as naboen (sg. def.) [ˈnæːˌb̥oːˀn̩] and naboer (pl. indef.) [ˈnæːˌb̥oːˀɐ] have long vowel and stød in the second syllable, and those forms thus exhibit the same type of secondary stress as anse.4 This agrees with Martinet’s (Citation1937, not quoted by Herslund) use of the category “i de très faible intensité”.5 A comparison between Herslund’s treatment of syntactic stress and mine is beyond the scope of the present paper; the same applies to his analysis of intonation: section 1.4.4 (Citation2002, 28–30), based upon Grønnum (Citation1992). (The final chapter of Basbøll (Citation2005, 514–541) concerns “From word to utterance”.)6 Cases where words ending in an obviously bimoraic syllable do not have stød, e.g., loanwords like spleen and native words like fersk ‘fresh’ (due to a sound change whereby a voiceless, and thus obstruent, /r/ is turned into a glide, thus a sonorant), are treated as (systematic) exceptions – thus not undergoing any stød-alternations – with the feature {–stød}, see Basbøll (Citation2022a).7 This follows from a subdiv
{"title":"Herslund on Danish suprasegmentals: an appraisal and a comparison","authors":"Hans Basbøll","doi":"10.1080/03740463.2023.2251322","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03740463.2023.2251322","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACTMichael Herslund has, as is commonly known, contributed very significantly to Romance and general linguistics, both synchronically and diachronically. But he has also contributed important analyses of his mother tongue, Danish. I have had the privilege to discuss phonological and morphological problems with him, both concerning Romance (particularly French) and Scandinavian (particularly Danish) languages. Here I continue the discussion regarding Danish suprasegmentals, focusing on the entire complex around the Danish laryngeal syllable rhyme prosody called “stød”. In section 2, some basic prosodic features of Danish are discussed, emphasizing Herslund’s contributions and their relation to my own Non-Stød-Model. Section 3 presents challenges posed by Michael Herslund to the Non-Stød Model that have not yet been countered in a wholly satisfactory way. These challenges particularly concern circularity and productivity. This section is just one example of Michael Herslund’s importance for the study of his Danish mother tongue.KEYWORDS: Danishstødmorphologyphonology AcknowledgmentsThis paper is based on several earlier publications of mine (2005, 2008, 2014, 2018, 2019, 2022a, 2022b). I am indebted to Nina Grønnum for many valuable comments on the manuscript (both its first and final version), mainly – but not only – concerning style, and to two anonymous reviewers for numerous insightful comments and suggestions that certainly improved the paper.Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author.Notes1 Herslund says in a note that “This is essentially the analysis proposed by Andersen (Citation1954) into ‘α and β words’”. See the next note.2 Here is a conflict with Andersen’s distinctions: Andersen’s “α-words” only correspond to Herslund’s monosyllabic Type A-words, whereas Herslund’s polysyllabic Type A-words correspond to Andersen’s “γ-words”.3 Inflected forms of the latter as naboen (sg. def.) [ˈnæːˌb̥oːˀn̩] and naboer (pl. indef.) [ˈnæːˌb̥oːˀɐ] have long vowel and stød in the second syllable, and those forms thus exhibit the same type of secondary stress as anse.4 This agrees with Martinet’s (Citation1937, not quoted by Herslund) use of the category “i de très faible intensité”.5 A comparison between Herslund’s treatment of syntactic stress and mine is beyond the scope of the present paper; the same applies to his analysis of intonation: section 1.4.4 (Citation2002, 28–30), based upon Grønnum (Citation1992). (The final chapter of Basbøll (Citation2005, 514–541) concerns “From word to utterance”.)6 Cases where words ending in an obviously bimoraic syllable do not have stød, e.g., loanwords like spleen and native words like fersk ‘fresh’ (due to a sound change whereby a voiceless, and thus obstruent, /r/ is turned into a glide, thus a sonorant), are treated as (systematic) exceptions – thus not undergoing any stød-alternations – with the feature {–stød}, see Basbøll (Citation2022a).7 This follows from a subdiv","PeriodicalId":35105,"journal":{"name":"Acta Linguistica Hafniensia","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135779161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-17DOI: 10.1080/03740463.2023.2254973
Per Durst-Andersen
ABSTRACTAccording to the theory of Baron and Herslund, English has a tendency to have names for collective concepts such as “chairs” and “bowls”, whereas French more or less consistently lacks names for collective concepts and, instead, has different names for different chairs and bowls. This observation is crucial and is not restricted to English and French nouns – when English uses one verb in an utterance, but Chinese more than one verb, we are dealing with the same distinction. All existing models of lexical semantics may contain tools to describe this distinction, but they lack tools to explain it. This is largely due to the fact that they are grounded in Saussure’s dichotomic view of symbols, i.e., as consisting of an expression unit and a content unit in which there is an arbitrary and conventional relationship between the two sides . However, if one adopts a trichotomic view, where there is one expression unit but two content units, called images and ideas, it becomes possible to explain the differences between English and French. Moreover, it becomes clear that “convention” and “arbitrariness” should be kept strictly apart, since they concern different sides of the linguistic sign.KEYWORDS: Symbolarbitrarinessmotivatednessconvention Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).
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Pub Date : 2023-09-15DOI: 10.1080/03740463.2023.2246001
Christophe Béchet, Lieselotte Brems
ABSTRACTThis paper presents a first approximation of the relationships within and between complex prepositions and complex subordinators from a cognitive vantage point. Because of the similarities between the two categories at the syntactic and functional levels of analysis, we first hypothesize the existence of a common productive schema that encompasses members of both classes within the framework of Construction Grammar. We then put forward a methodology developed in Diachronic Construction Grammar to analyze the within- and between-category constructional links in complex prepositions and complex subordinators in American English. We use multivariate quantitative methods to highlight the similarities and dissimilarities between the categories and make them visually identifiable. The application of this methodology to historical corpus data reveals that contrary to our expectations, complex prepositions form a relatively stable schema over time, without converging towards a common schema with the loosely connected complex subordinators under scrutiny.KEYWORDS: Complex prepositionscomplex subordinatorscorpus-based diachronic construction grammarAmerican Englishmultivariate statistical analysis Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Notes1 We use the terms ‘productive/-ity’ to refer to the tendency for a pattern to be used frequently to produce new types in a grammatical category.2 In this context, we acknowledge that the preposition does not impose the same construal of the situation: the noun phrase the rain projects a static frame of the object ‘rain’, whereas the clause invites a more dynamic construal of a continuous event.3 As was pointed out by an anonymous reviewer, the noun fact can be used with a relative clause in a variety of contexts due to its very broad and opaque meaning, especially in oral usage.4 In the remainder of this paper, examples culled from COHA will be referred to as follows.(example number) linguistic example (genre, year)5 We refer the reader to the study by Brems and Davidse (Citation2010) for simple statistical frequencies on the co-occurrence of complex subordinators with the discussed syntactic features.6 Here we use small capitals to refer to construction names.7 for fear of/that/Ø is also known to express conditional relations.8 for the sake of can also be used to express a benefactive relation to nominal complements.9 instead of is not discussed in this paper because it varies too much in its complementation profile.10 Brems and Davidse (Citation2010, 106) highlight that the non-finite nature of the complement clause is a facilitating factor for complex subordinator readings.11 We also acknowledge the fact that there is, to date, not any corpus big enough to allow a greater time depth for the analysis of low-frequency linguistic items such as CPs and CSs.12 For our purpose, we used R version 3.4.4 with the function MCA from the package FactoMineR and the function ap
摘要本文从认知角度初步探讨了复杂介词与复杂从属词之间的关系。由于这两个类别在句法和功能分析层面上的相似性，我们首先假设存在一个共同的生产模式，该模式包含了结构语法框架内这两个类别的成员。在此基础上，我们提出了历时结构语法中发展起来的一种方法来分析美国英语中复杂介词和复杂从属语的范畴内和范畴间结构联系。我们使用多元定量方法来突出类别之间的异同点，使它们在视觉上可识别。将这种方法应用于历史语料库数据表明，与我们的预期相反，随着时间的推移，复杂介词形成了一个相对稳定的图式，而不是与松散连接的复杂从属词形成一个共同的图式。关键词:复杂介词;复杂从属关系;历时结构;美式英语;多元统计分析;注1:我们用“生产性”这个词来指在语法范畴中频繁使用一个模式来产生新类型的趋势在这种情况下，我们承认介词并没有施加同样的情境解释:名词短语the rain投射了一个物体“rain”的静态框架，而从句则引发了一个对连续事件的更动态的解释正如一位匿名评论者所指出的那样，名词fact可以在各种语境中与关系从句一起使用，因为它的含义非常广泛和不透明，尤其是在口头使用中在本文的其余部分中，从COHA中挑选的示例将引用如下。5我们建议读者参考Brems和Davidse (Citation2010)对复杂从属词与所讨论的句法特征共现的简单统计频率的研究这里我们用小写的大写字母来表示建筑的名称。/Ø也用来表示条件关系。for the sake of也可以用来表示与名义补语的有益关系。9 .代替，在本文中没有讨论，因为它在其补充概况中变化太大Brems和Davidse (citation, 2010, 106)强调，补语从句的非有限性质是复杂从属语阅读的一个促进因素我们也承认，到目前为止，没有任何语料库大到足以允许对低频语言项目(如cp和css)进行更大的时间深度分析出于我们的目的，我们使用了R版本3.4.4，其中包含FactoMineR包中的函数MCA和同名包中的函数apcluster请注意，在我们的分析中，变化的百分比是沿轴显示的，只是为了完整性维度5被排除在分析之外，因为它以二元方式关注单个特征，特别强调了唯恐在恐惧相关结构中的独特使用。这是互补的一个明显例子。此外，维度5揭示了NEWS(负坐标)和NF(正坐标)之间的体裁连续体。然而，由于维度4已经展示了一个重要的类型连续体，并且通过压缩数据点将最小作为一个类别的包含降低了可解释性，因此维度5被省略单元格的灰色阴影用于突出表明，当单独考虑这些特征时，可以识别出不同的集群，而不是将它们组合在一起。这强调了特征之间相互作用的重要性，以及检查它们的综合影响以辨别集群之间有意义的区别的必要性诚然，介词的程序意义使得我们很难找到语义相似的介词组合，并且我们可以在同一上下文中互换使用。本研究得到了Fonds De La Recherche Scientifique - FNRS的支持[32704391]。
{"title":"From complex prepositions to complex subordinators: challenging generalizations","authors":"Christophe Béchet, Lieselotte Brems","doi":"10.1080/03740463.2023.2246001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03740463.2023.2246001","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACTThis paper presents a first approximation of the relationships within and between complex prepositions and complex subordinators from a cognitive vantage point. Because of the similarities between the two categories at the syntactic and functional levels of analysis, we first hypothesize the existence of a common productive schema that encompasses members of both classes within the framework of Construction Grammar. We then put forward a methodology developed in Diachronic Construction Grammar to analyze the within- and between-category constructional links in complex prepositions and complex subordinators in American English. We use multivariate quantitative methods to highlight the similarities and dissimilarities between the categories and make them visually identifiable. The application of this methodology to historical corpus data reveals that contrary to our expectations, complex prepositions form a relatively stable schema over time, without converging towards a common schema with the loosely connected complex subordinators under scrutiny.KEYWORDS: Complex prepositionscomplex subordinatorscorpus-based diachronic construction grammarAmerican Englishmultivariate statistical analysis Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Notes1 We use the terms ‘productive/-ity’ to refer to the tendency for a pattern to be used frequently to produce new types in a grammatical category.2 In this context, we acknowledge that the preposition does not impose the same construal of the situation: the noun phrase the rain projects a static frame of the object ‘rain’, whereas the clause invites a more dynamic construal of a continuous event.3 As was pointed out by an anonymous reviewer, the noun fact can be used with a relative clause in a variety of contexts due to its very broad and opaque meaning, especially in oral usage.4 In the remainder of this paper, examples culled from COHA will be referred to as follows.(example number) linguistic example (genre, year)5 We refer the reader to the study by Brems and Davidse (Citation2010) for simple statistical frequencies on the co-occurrence of complex subordinators with the discussed syntactic features.6 Here we use small capitals to refer to construction names.7 for fear of/that/Ø is also known to express conditional relations.8 for the sake of can also be used to express a benefactive relation to nominal complements.9 instead of is not discussed in this paper because it varies too much in its complementation profile.10 Brems and Davidse (Citation2010, 106) highlight that the non-finite nature of the complement clause is a facilitating factor for complex subordinator readings.11 We also acknowledge the fact that there is, to date, not any corpus big enough to allow a greater time depth for the analysis of low-frequency linguistic items such as CPs and CSs.12 For our purpose, we used R version 3.4.4 with the function MCA from the package FactoMineR and the function ap","PeriodicalId":35105,"journal":{"name":"Acta Linguistica Hafniensia","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135395155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-02DOI: 10.1080/03740463.2023.2210495
Lorenzo Cigana, Stéphane Polis
ABSTRACT In this paper, we show that Hjelmslev’s approach to language description and crosslinguistic comparison, on the one hand, and the semantic maps model used in linguistic typology, on the other, differ significantly. Although Hjelmslev paved the way for employing graphic representations as a means to show how each language of the world subdivides the semantic continuum in its own way, he can hardly be considered as a forerunner of the semantic maps tradition. In a nutshell, Hjelmslev’s schemas are meant to compare the specific organisation of individual linguistic systems, but the semantic maps method aims at unveiling semantic regularities across languages. The former targets the particular ‘grid’ imposed by each language on a given semantic space, but the latter abstracts away from specific linguistic systems and posits universal atoms of sense that can be organised in cross-linguistically valid networks.
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