Expressing syllable weight by moras leads to two problems. First, there are languages, such as Wolof, with long vowels and geminates, which both make a syllable bimoraic, but where only long vowels, but not geminates, count as heavy for stress. Second, there are languages in which closed syllables are light for stress, but heavy for segmental modifications (laryngeal metathesis in Cayuga and degemination in Chugach Alutiiq). It is argued that a two-layered mora model is not required and that a straightforward Harmonic Serialism is able to directly express that laryngeal metathesis and degemination make an unstressed syllable light.
{"title":"Moras are about length not about weight","authors":"Haike Jacobs","doi":"10.1075/avt.00064.jac","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/avt.00064.jac","url":null,"abstract":"Expressing syllable weight by moras leads to two problems. First, there are languages, such as Wolof, with long vowels and geminates, which both make a syllable bimoraic, but where only long vowels, but not geminates, count as heavy for stress. Second, there are languages in which closed syllables are light for stress, but heavy for segmental modifications (laryngeal metathesis in Cayuga and degemination in Chugach Alutiiq). It is argued that a two-layered mora model is not required and that a straightforward Harmonic Serialism is able to directly express that laryngeal metathesis and degemination make an unstressed syllable light.","PeriodicalId":35138,"journal":{"name":"Linguistics in the Netherlands","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59343118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Iris Kruijsdijk, Nina van der Vlugt, J. Van der Wal
This study sets out to investigate the insubordinated infinitive in the Bantu language Makhuwa-Enahara (P31, northern Mozambique), which is used with feeling predicates that have passive experiencers. The expression of bodily feelings and emotions in Makhuwa serves as a foundation, highlighting the unique formal and interpretational properties of the insubordinated infinitive within the domain of feelings.
{"title":"The insubordinated infinitive in Makhuwa-Enahara and the expression of feelings","authors":"Iris Kruijsdijk, Nina van der Vlugt, J. Van der Wal","doi":"10.1075/avt.00065.kru","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/avt.00065.kru","url":null,"abstract":"This study sets out to investigate the insubordinated infinitive in the Bantu language Makhuwa-Enahara (P31, northern Mozambique), which is used with feeling predicates that have passive experiencers. The expression of bodily feelings and emotions in Makhuwa serves as a foundation, highlighting the unique formal and interpretational properties of the insubordinated infinitive within the domain of feelings.","PeriodicalId":35138,"journal":{"name":"Linguistics in the Netherlands","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59343129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Deictic co-speech gestures (DCSGs) are commonly regarded as intimately related to exophoric demonstrative forms; yet, no account is available that formalises this relation. This paper proposes that DCSGs spell-out part of the internal structure of exophoric demonstratives: concretely, they contribute the spatial coordinates (direction and distance, syntactically encoded by the Demonstrative ‘Dem’ head and by a Measure Phrase ‘MeasP’ which modifies it, respectively) that identify the location of the demonstrative’s referent and the deictic centre. This naturally captures the intuition that exophoric demonstratives and DCSGs are related, under a multi-modal spell-out approach to demonstrative forms. Further, this proposal is compatible with independent facts regarding both the grammaticalisation of demonstrative forms and their acquisition.
{"title":"Integrating deictic co-speech gestures in demonstrative forms","authors":"Silvia Terenghi","doi":"10.1075/avt.00071.ter","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/avt.00071.ter","url":null,"abstract":"Deictic co-speech gestures (DCSGs) are commonly regarded as intimately related to exophoric demonstrative forms; yet, no account is available that formalises this relation. This paper proposes that DCSGs spell-out part of the internal structure of exophoric demonstratives: concretely, they contribute the spatial coordinates (direction and distance, syntactically encoded by the Demonstrative ‘Dem’ head and by a Measure Phrase ‘MeasP’ which modifies it, respectively) that identify the location of the demonstrative’s referent and the deictic centre. This naturally captures the intuition that exophoric demonstratives and DCSGs are related, under a multi-modal spell-out approach to demonstrative forms. Further, this proposal is compatible with independent facts regarding both the grammaticalisation of demonstrative forms and their acquisition.","PeriodicalId":35138,"journal":{"name":"Linguistics in the Netherlands","volume":"50 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59343561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
There are two comparative suffixes in Ukrainian: the productive -iš, and the non-productive -š. Following Caha et al. (2019) I show that just like in Czech, the distribution of these two suffixes in Ukrainian is regulated not by phonology, but by morphosyntax. The theory of Nanosyntax (Starke 2009) is used in order to account for the data. The comparative meaning is represented in syntax not by one but by two functional heads. To be more precise, I propose that in Ukrainian -iš is decomposed into two morphemes -i and -š, where -i spells out the lower head and -š spells out the higher one. The issue of suppletive adjectives is discussed as well. I argue that suppletion can be accounted for using the nanosyntactic concept of pointers. As a result, this approach helps to explain the mechanism behind allomorphy of the comparative suffix in regular and suppletive adjectives in Ukrainian.
{"title":"There is more to the morphology of -š/ -iš","authors":"A. Vyshnevska","doi":"10.1075/avt.00073.vys","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/avt.00073.vys","url":null,"abstract":"There are two comparative suffixes in Ukrainian: the productive -iš, and the non-productive -š. Following Caha et al. (2019) I show that just like in Czech, the distribution of these two suffixes in Ukrainian is regulated not by phonology, but by morphosyntax. The theory of Nanosyntax (Starke 2009) is used in order to account for the data. The comparative meaning is represented in syntax not by one but by two functional heads. To be more precise, I propose that in Ukrainian -iš is decomposed into two morphemes -i and -š, where -i spells out the lower head and -š spells out the higher one. The issue of suppletive adjectives is discussed as well. I argue that suppletion can be accounted for using the nanosyntactic concept of pointers. As a result, this approach helps to explain the mechanism behind allomorphy of the comparative suffix in regular and suppletive adjectives in Ukrainian.","PeriodicalId":35138,"journal":{"name":"Linguistics in the Netherlands","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59343709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-04DOI: 10.1109/GREENS.2013.6606414
J. Vogels, S. Leufkens
{"title":"Foreword","authors":"J. Vogels, S. Leufkens","doi":"10.1109/GREENS.2013.6606414","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/GREENS.2013.6606414","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":35138,"journal":{"name":"Linguistics in the Netherlands","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1109/GREENS.2013.6606414","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48444846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Second language acquisition often involves the acquisition of stable patterns in a target language. Here we investigate how the acquisition of a variable pronunciation pattern, viz. the pronunciation of the semisuffix -man in professional names in English (e.g. policeman, businessman) is related to the lexical frequency of the words concerned. The pronunciation of this suffix varies between a full vowel and a reduced one in a lexically unpredictable manner (i.e. some words with -man tend to have schwa, others a full vowel, and still others vary between the two). To test how the pronunciation of such words is acquired in a second language, we carried out a picture naming experiment in which Chinese subjects were asked to pronounce them. The results show that the pronunciation of this semisuffix is especially related to the educational status of subjects (major vs. non-major).
{"title":"The role of word frequency in the L2 acquisition of variable patterns","authors":"Jeroen van de Weijer, M. Sloos, Weiyun Wei","doi":"10.1075/avt.00074.weij","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/avt.00074.weij","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Second language acquisition often involves the acquisition of stable patterns in a target language. Here we\u0000 investigate how the acquisition of a variable pronunciation pattern, viz. the pronunciation of the semisuffix -man\u0000 in professional names in English (e.g. policeman, businessman) is related to the lexical\u0000 frequency of the words concerned. The pronunciation of this suffix varies between a full vowel and a reduced one in a lexically\u0000 unpredictable manner (i.e. some words with -man tend to have schwa, others a full vowel, and still others vary\u0000 between the two). To test how the pronunciation of such words is acquired in a second language, we carried out a picture naming\u0000 experiment in which Chinese subjects were asked to pronounce them. The results show that the pronunciation of this semisuffix is\u0000 especially related to the educational status of subjects (major vs. non-major).","PeriodicalId":35138,"journal":{"name":"Linguistics in the Netherlands","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44415347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Naomi van Rossem, L. Hogeweg, Helen de Hoop, Ferdy Hubers
In this paper, we investigate whether non-native speakers of Dutch use the interpersonal discourse particle eigenlijk differently than native speakers of Dutch. Particles such as eigenlijk are considered to be very difficult to learn for non-native speakers. Eigenlijk might be even more difficult to learn than other particles, because of its complex effect on the discourse. We tested whether non-native speakers of Dutch used eigenlijk differently than native speakers of Dutch by means of an online cloze test in which native speakers (control group, N = 109) and non-native speakers (N = 73) had to choose between eigenlijk and an adverb in a variety of contexts. Results indicated that non-native speakers used eigenlijk differently than native speakers, but non-native speakers did somewhat understand that eigenlijk marks a contrast with a contextually raised expectation. Moreover, more proficient native speakers were more similar to native speakers in their use of eigenlijk than less proficient native speakers.
{"title":"The use of the Dutch discourse particle eigenlijk by native and non-native speakers","authors":"Naomi van Rossem, L. Hogeweg, Helen de Hoop, Ferdy Hubers","doi":"10.1075/avt.00068.ros","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/avt.00068.ros","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 In this paper, we investigate whether non-native speakers of Dutch use the interpersonal discourse particle\u0000 eigenlijk differently than native speakers of Dutch. Particles such as eigenlijk are considered to be very difficult to learn for\u0000 non-native speakers. Eigenlijk might be even more difficult to learn than other particles, because of its complex effect on the\u0000 discourse. We tested whether non-native speakers of Dutch used eigenlijk differently than native speakers of Dutch by means of an\u0000 online cloze test in which native speakers (control group, N = 109) and non-native speakers\u0000 (N = 73) had to choose between eigenlijk and an adverb in a variety of contexts. Results indicated that\u0000 non-native speakers used eigenlijk differently than native speakers, but non-native speakers did somewhat understand that\u0000 eigenlijk marks a contrast with a contextually raised expectation. Moreover, more proficient native speakers were more similar to\u0000 native speakers in their use of eigenlijk than less proficient native speakers.","PeriodicalId":35138,"journal":{"name":"Linguistics in the Netherlands","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42004070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
How do people understand figurative speech in a foreign language? What strategies do they use? By means of an online questionnaire, this study investigated to what extent contextual information and transfer play a role in the interpretation of idioms in a second language, controlling for familiarity. Sixty-one native speakers of Dutch were asked to guess the correct interpretation of English idioms with and without a Dutch equivalent, presented with and without context, out of four answer options. The results showed that correctly interpreting an idiom depends on both the presence of context and the possibility of transfer. More correct interpretations were given when an idiom was presented in a context, but only for English idioms without an equivalent in the native language. English idioms with an equivalent in Dutch, often rated as familiar, were mostly understood correctly. We interpret this result as the involvement of transfer from the native language.
{"title":"Interpreting idioms in a second language","authors":"Demi van Dijk, J. Vogels, Mark Leon De Vries","doi":"10.1075/avt.00061.dij","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/avt.00061.dij","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 How do people understand figurative speech in a foreign language? What strategies do they use? By means of an\u0000 online questionnaire, this study investigated to what extent contextual information and transfer play a role in the interpretation\u0000 of idioms in a second language, controlling for familiarity. Sixty-one native speakers of Dutch were asked to guess the correct\u0000 interpretation of English idioms with and without a Dutch equivalent, presented with and without context, out of four answer\u0000 options. The results showed that correctly interpreting an idiom depends on both the presence of context and the possibility of\u0000 transfer. More correct interpretations were given when an idiom was presented in a context, but only for English idioms without an\u0000 equivalent in the native language. English idioms with an equivalent in Dutch, often rated as familiar, were mostly understood\u0000 correctly. We interpret this result as the involvement of transfer from the native language.","PeriodicalId":35138,"journal":{"name":"Linguistics in the Netherlands","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49041036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In historical terms the office of Minister for Development Cooperation is a relatively new one. Nevertheless, my predecessors, Mrs Schoo and Mr De Koning, seem to have started a tradition. Now, for the third time in succession, a Netherlands Minister for Development Cooperation has been invited to write the foreword to a collection of studies on the colonial history of India and Indonesia by Indonesian, Indian, British and Dutch scholars. Although as a general rule we should follow a critical approach to traditions, there is evidently much to be said for this one. During the past twenty years development cooperation relationships with Third World countries have evolved and matured. Those with India and Indonesia are of a special kind, lor they cover a wide range of activities and are securely based on mutual respect and understanding. Placing events in a historical perspective should enhance this understanding. The colonial histories of India and Indonesia display both differences and similarities which in part reflect the policies of the respective colonial powers, and in part the indigenous institutional structures. In both countries colonial administrations were preceded by merchants and traders: those of the East India Company in India, and of the Dutch East India Company in Indonesia. A comparative study of the heyday of colonialism in India and Indonesia should therefore prove to be enlightening. As in the former volumes, the articles published here are by scholars from each of the countries which played a part in the events in those regions at the time. This will facilitate a frank and critical assessment of a period constituting an important part of the history of the countries concerned. A better understanding of this period is not only important in historical terms, for there is also much to be learned from the past. If the principal aim of development cooperation today is to assist Third World countries in their efforts to combat poverty and deprivation and to strenghten their independence, we need to understand the causes of these problems. Historical studies can help to shed light on the institutional context and thus help us to avoid
{"title":"Foreword","authors":"P. Bukman","doi":"10.1075/avt.35.01for","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/avt.35.01for","url":null,"abstract":"In historical terms the office of Minister for Development Cooperation is a relatively new one. Nevertheless, my predecessors, Mrs Schoo and Mr De Koning, seem to have started a tradition. Now, for the third time in succession, a Netherlands Minister for Development Cooperation has been invited to write the foreword to a collection of studies on the colonial history of India and Indonesia by Indonesian, Indian, British and Dutch scholars. Although as a general rule we should follow a critical approach to traditions, there is evidently much to be said for this one. During the past twenty years development cooperation relationships with Third World countries have evolved and matured. Those with India and Indonesia are of a special kind, lor they cover a wide range of activities and are securely based on mutual respect and understanding. Placing events in a historical perspective should enhance this understanding. The colonial histories of India and Indonesia display both differences and similarities which in part reflect the policies of the respective colonial powers, and in part the indigenous institutional structures. In both countries colonial administrations were preceded by merchants and traders: those of the East India Company in India, and of the Dutch East India Company in Indonesia. A comparative study of the heyday of colonialism in India and Indonesia should therefore prove to be enlightening. As in the former volumes, the articles published here are by scholars from each of the countries which played a part in the events in those regions at the time. This will facilitate a frank and critical assessment of a period constituting an important part of the history of the countries concerned. A better understanding of this period is not only important in historical terms, for there is also much to be learned from the past. If the principal aim of development cooperation today is to assist Third World countries in their efforts to combat poverty and deprivation and to strenghten their independence, we need to understand the causes of these problems. Historical studies can help to shed light on the institutional context and thus help us to avoid","PeriodicalId":35138,"journal":{"name":"Linguistics in the Netherlands","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42369218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We investigate the discourse structure of Free Indirect Discourse passages in narratives. We argue that Free Indirect Discourse reports consist of two separate propositional discourse units: an (explicit or implicit) frame segment and a reported content. These segments are connected at the level of discourse structure by a non-veridical, subordinating discourse relation of Attribution, familiar from recent SDRT analyses of indirect discourse constructions in natural conversation (Hunter, 2016). We conducted an experiment to detect the covert presence of a subordinating frame segment based on its effects on pronoun resolution. We compared (unframed) Free Indirect Discourse with overtly framed Indirect Discourse and a non-reportative segment. We found that the first two indeed pattern alike in terms of pronoun resolution, which we take as evidence against the pragmatic context split approach of Schlenker (2004) and Eckardt (2014), and in favor of our discourse structural Attribution analysis.
{"title":"The discourse structure of free indirect discourse reports","authors":"S. Bimpikou, E. Maier, P. Hendriks","doi":"10.1075/avt.00048.bim","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/avt.00048.bim","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 We investigate the discourse structure of Free Indirect Discourse passages in narratives. We argue that Free\u0000 Indirect Discourse reports consist of two separate propositional discourse units: an (explicit or implicit) frame segment and a\u0000 reported content. These segments are connected at the level of discourse structure by a non-veridical, subordinating discourse\u0000 relation of Attribution, familiar from recent SDRT analyses of indirect discourse constructions in natural conversation (Hunter, 2016). We conducted an experiment to detect the covert presence of a\u0000 subordinating frame segment based on its effects on pronoun resolution. We compared (unframed) Free Indirect Discourse with\u0000 overtly framed Indirect Discourse and a non-reportative segment. We found that the first two indeed pattern alike in terms of\u0000 pronoun resolution, which we take as evidence against the pragmatic context split approach of Schlenker (2004) and Eckardt (2014), and in favor of our discourse\u0000 structural Attribution analysis.","PeriodicalId":35138,"journal":{"name":"Linguistics in the Netherlands","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45214234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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