Pub Date : 2021-10-15DOI: 10.1080/13575279.2021.1975648
C. Corliss, Samia Addis, Asmaa S. El-Banna, Nina Maxwell, J. Scourfield, N. Warner, Annie Williams
ABSTRACT Purpose The rates of children looked after by local authorities in England have been rising for more than two decades. This study was conducted to determine what approaches local authorities have adopted that they perceive to be the most effective in preventing the need for children to come into care. It also considers how they evaluate these approaches and how they assess cost-effectiveness. Methods An online survey was distributed to leaders of children’s social services departments in England in 2018 (n = 152). Findings Sixty (39.5%) local authorities completed the survey. Respondents were asked to select up to three types of services or approaches they deemed most effective in preventing the need for children to come into care. The most popular was a whole-system approach selected by 81.7%, with Signs of Safety most commonly cited. This was followed by edge-of-care services (61.7%), early help (56.7%), family group conferences (43.3%), parenting programmes (18.3%), short break services (15.0%) and “other” services (20.0%). Local authorities who had experienced increases in the numbers of children in care were more likely to discuss approaches introduced relatively recently. Whole-system approaches and parenting programmes were the approaches most likely to have had independent evaluations. Whilst most local authorities reported the use of economic analysis methods as part of their evaluation, there was insufficient detail for a full assessment of cost-effectiveness. Originality This paper provides a description of contemporary attitudes amongst leaders of children’s services to approaches that aim to keep children out of care. It also describes approaches taken by local authorities to evaluation and assessing cost-effectiveness.
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Pub Date : 2021-10-08DOI: 10.1080/13575279.2021.1975649
M. Capurso, Tara Devi Roy Boco
ABSTRACT In March 2020, the first wave of the Covid-19 pandemic hit Italy and had dramatic and unforeseen consequences for millions of schoolchildren. Students with special educational needs or disabilities (SEND) were faced with drastic changes to their local environment caused by the lockdown. This impacted their ability to function in ways in which they were acquired and posed new challenges for their teachers. This qualitative exploratory study aimed to capture and understand special education teachers’ perspectives of their own work and their perceived changes in SEND. We conducted in-depth, semi-structured interviews with 21 special education teachers at the end of the 2020 school year in Italy. The interview guide was based on the structure of a microsystem, as described by Bronfenbrenner’s model, and targeted questions about perceived changes in their roles, relationships, and activities due to the lockdown. The interviews were examined by deductive thematic analysis. The lockdown situation caused marked changes in the teacher’s work and their students’ lives and significant losses in the developmental and educational processes compared to a pre-pandemic ordinary school setting. In some cases, teachers employed effective coping strategies that helped build resilience in SEND. Critical aspects of privacy and the lack of centralized online learning tools are discussed with relation to the vast and unregulated use of ICT. We conclude that three key aspects essential for good support are: providing specific teaching tools and caring human contact, having a supportive home environment, and having adequate ICT devices and a good internet connection. Our findings will inform teachers, caregivers, public administrators, stakeholders, and social services on support mechanisms for schooling during the lockdown.
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Pub Date : 2021-10-08DOI: 10.1080/13575279.2021.1962247
Jennifer I. Baumgartner, Carrie L. Ota, Cynthia F. DiCarlo, Rebecca L. Bauer, R. Carson
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Pub Date : 2021-10-02DOI: 10.1080/13575279.2021.1954357
B. Barrett
The seven articles within this issue of Child Care in Practice challenge us in a number of ways to re-define how we understand disability and the fact that disability occurs within a family and societal setting. A good starting point for this discussion is offered within the article by Thomas-Skaf & Jenney (2020). There can be a tendency for words such as “Disability” to be used in a general, catch-all sense, without realising either the complexity, variation or negative presuppositions which over time can come to be associated with it. This article challenges us to confront this through developing an understanding of the concepts of “Ableism” (the proliferation of discourses and practices about being “normal”) and “Disableism” (which can be defined as the negative attitudes and attributes associated with disability). Quoting from the paper, “Disableism involves the erasure of a disabled person’s capabilities and humanity because of their real or perceived impairments, which results in prejudice, discrimination, and oppression” and the article goes onto describe a number of examples. It leads to the insight that Disability and Disablement occur on a number of levels – not just the physical. In the article by Flynn (2020), the author looks at barriers to effective child protection and welfare assessment with disabled children, and also focusses on understandings of “Ableism” within the child protection context. Flynn (2020) cites the global definition of social work provided by the IFSW in 2014 which promotes a vision of empowerment and liberation with respect for diversities (and not just cultural ones) and acknowledges that given the pressures upon all our services, finding time for reflective practice is not easy. However, there is a need to change the narrative from the negative to the positive, which we can do through (i) an emphasis on children’s rights (ii) learning from disability to improve practice with all children and (iii) a focus more towards solutions and safety, rather than prolonged consideration of problems and causation. A number of the articles in this issue highlight specific aspects of disability and also the fact that many of these are linked or can occur as a consequence of each other. The article by Yesilkaya et al. (2019) is a first good example, highlighting disability which can occur as a result of visual impairment. The article raises awareness that disability not only affects a specific individual, but the wider human family around them – their immediate family, as well as educators and others. As one of the authors above comments “disability is a socially constructed experience”. Given some of the pressures cited above, the link between research leading to evidence which can inform practice often seems hard to make. This article, in the form of a scoping review, is an excellent example of why this link is critical to all practitioners, as it aims to “identify, collate and appraises the available research evidence on
本期《儿童保育实践》中的七篇文章在许多方面对我们提出了挑战，以重新定义我们如何理解残疾以及残疾发生在家庭和社会环境中的事实。Thomas Skaf和Jenney（2020）的文章为这一讨论提供了一个很好的起点。像“残疾”这样的词可能有一种倾向，即在没有意识到随着时间的推移可能与之相关的复杂性、变异性或负面预设的情况下，被广泛使用。这篇文章挑战我们通过理解“Ableism”（关于“正常”的话语和实践的激增）和“Disableism”（可以定义为与残疾相关的消极态度和属性）的概念来应对这一问题。引用论文中的话，“残疾主义是指由于残疾人的真实或感知障碍而抹杀他们的能力和人性，从而导致偏见、歧视和压迫”，文章接着描述了一些例子。这让我们了解到，残疾和残疾发生在多个层面上，而不仅仅是身体层面。在Flynn（2020）的文章中，作者探讨了残疾儿童有效保护和福利评估的障碍，并重点阐述了在儿童保护背景下对“Ableism”的理解。Flynn（2020）引用了IFSW在2014年对社会工作的全球定义，该定义提倡在尊重多样性（而不仅仅是文化多样性）的情况下赋予权力和解放的愿景，并承认考虑到我们所有服务的压力，找到时间进行反思性实践并不容易。然而，有必要将叙事从消极转变为积极，我们可以通过以下方式做到这一点：（i）强调儿童权利；（ii）从残疾中学习，以改善与所有儿童的实践；（iii）更多地关注解决方案和安全，而不是长时间考虑问题和因果关系。本期的一些文章强调了残疾的具体方面，以及其中许多方面是相互联系或可能相互影响的事实。Yesilkaya等人的文章（2019）是第一个很好的例子，强调了视觉障碍可能导致的残疾。这篇文章提高了人们的认识，即残疾不仅影响特定的个人，还影响他们周围更广泛的人类家庭——他们的直系亲属，以及教育工作者和其他人。正如上面的一位作者所评论的那样，“残疾是一种社会建构的体验”。考虑到上述一些压力，研究得出的证据往往很难为实践提供信息。这篇文章以范围界定综述的形式，是一个很好的例子，说明了为什么这种联系对所有从业者都至关重要，因为它的目的是“识别、整理和评估现有的研究证据，了解针对视力障碍儿童、其父母/监护人或教育工作者的干预措施的实施障碍和促进因素”，这不仅可以导致综合工作，还可以导致未来实践的积极变化（Yesilkaya et al.，2019，p.1）。Flynn（2019）的第二篇文章涉及2008年及以后爱尔兰经济衰退导致的紧缩措施对智障青年及其家庭的影响。与Yesilkaya等人（2019）一样，其目的是在未来的实践中带来积极的变化。Flynn（2019）使用了一种框架分析方法，该方法适用于通过传记叙事解释法（BNIM）制作的访谈记录
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Pub Date : 2021-09-13DOI: 10.1080/13575279.2021.1958751
Ailish Harrison
{"title":"Falling Through the Cracks: UK Health Professionals’ Perspective of Diagnosis and Treatment for Children and Adolescents with Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder","authors":"Ailish Harrison","doi":"10.1080/13575279.2021.1958751","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13575279.2021.1958751","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":35141,"journal":{"name":"Child Care in Practice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2021-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46630889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-13DOI: 10.1080/13575279.2021.1958752
S. Newstead, Pete King
Playwork is a recognised profession in the United Kingdom (UK) and is currently a growing area of interest internationally. However, debates about the nature and purpose of playwork have raged in t...
{"title":"What Is the Purpose of Playwork?","authors":"S. Newstead, Pete King","doi":"10.1080/13575279.2021.1958752","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13575279.2021.1958752","url":null,"abstract":"Playwork is a recognised profession in the United Kingdom (UK) and is currently a growing area of interest internationally. However, debates about the nature and purpose of playwork have raged in t...","PeriodicalId":35141,"journal":{"name":"Child Care in Practice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2021-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47549516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-07DOI: 10.1080/13575279.2021.1960798
Lisa O’Reilly
{"title":"The Child Attachment Relationship Guide: Informing Child Protection and Fostering Social Work","authors":"Lisa O’Reilly","doi":"10.1080/13575279.2021.1960798","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13575279.2021.1960798","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":35141,"journal":{"name":"Child Care in Practice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2021-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46198974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-06DOI: 10.1080/13575279.2021.1951167
V. Kovač, D. L. Cameron
The aim of the study was to examine the attitudes and beliefs of preschool workers with respect to the phenomenon of bullying in preschool. Participants comprised 694 employees in private and munic...
本研究的目的是探讨学前工作者对学前欺凌现象的态度和信念。参与者包括私人和市政部门的694名雇员。
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Pub Date : 2021-07-20DOI: 10.1080/13575279.2021.1946012
A. Safaiyan, F. Zarei, H. R. Moghaddam, N. Maasoumi, H. Matlabi
Parental behaviors and attitudes are effective in health outcomes of children. Obesity among children has been found to be related with limited nutrition knowledge and unhealthy eating and habits. ...
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Pub Date : 2021-07-09DOI: 10.1080/13575279.2021.1939656
John P. Rech, Kailey Snyder, Maggie Rasmussen, D. Dev, Danae M. Dinkel
Family engagement in childcare is important to ensure the optimal growth, development, and safety of children. Previous research has explored family engagement practices, but limited research is av...
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