Abstract:This article presents analyses of four poems in Passamaquoddy, an Eastern Algonquian language of Maine, that were published in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, some in more than one version. The original texts were included in works by Charles Godfrey Leland and John Dyneley Prince, two of the leading figures in their era involved in documenting the traditions of the Native peoples of New England and Maritime Canada.
{"title":"Four Poems in Passamaquoddy","authors":"Philip S. Lesourd","doi":"10.1353/anl.2019.0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/anl.2019.0004","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:This article presents analyses of four poems in Passamaquoddy, an Eastern Algonquian language of Maine, that were published in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, some in more than one version. The original texts were included in works by Charles Godfrey Leland and John Dyneley Prince, two of the leading figures in their era involved in documenting the traditions of the Native peoples of New England and Maritime Canada.","PeriodicalId":35350,"journal":{"name":"Anthropological Linguistics","volume":"60 1","pages":"195 - 225"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1353/anl.2019.0004","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49445383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract:Most languages of the Bodo-Garo cluster of the Tibeto-Burman family exhibit kinship terminologies that are built upon the principle of seniority and incorporate terminological equivalences between agnatic kin of alternate generations. Interestingly, the latter feature does not appear to be shared by any other language of the Sino-Tibetan family. To find a similar intricate pattern of self-reciprocity between consanguineal relatives of different generations, one has to turn to the Munda systems of Central India (whose languages belong to the Austroasiatic family); this raises several problems of interpretation. Dimasa is chosen here as a model, as it most clearly exhibits the general principles underlying kin classification in Bodo-Garo languages.
{"title":"The Kinship Terminology of the Dimasa: Alternate Generation Equivalence in the Tibeto-Burman Area","authors":"Pascal Bouchery, Monali Longmailai","doi":"10.1353/anl.2019.0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/anl.2019.0005","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:Most languages of the Bodo-Garo cluster of the Tibeto-Burman family exhibit kinship terminologies that are built upon the principle of seniority and incorporate terminological equivalences between agnatic kin of alternate generations. Interestingly, the latter feature does not appear to be shared by any other language of the Sino-Tibetan family. To find a similar intricate pattern of self-reciprocity between consanguineal relatives of different generations, one has to turn to the Munda systems of Central India (whose languages belong to the Austroasiatic family); this raises several problems of interpretation. Dimasa is chosen here as a model, as it most clearly exhibits the general principles underlying kin classification in Bodo-Garo languages.","PeriodicalId":35350,"journal":{"name":"Anthropological Linguistics","volume":"60 1","pages":"226 - 254"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1353/anl.2019.0005","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41752497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract:This article makes the case for linguists to take part in the study of musical surrogate languages, where linguistic form is transposed onto music. It draws on the case study of the Sambla balafon, a West African resonator xylophone. Seenku (Northwestern Mande, Samogo), the language of the Sambla people, has a highly complex tonal system, whose four contrastive levels and multiple contour tones are encoded musically in the notes of the balafon, allowing musicians to communicate without ever opening their mouths. I analyze the grammar of the surrogate language and demonstrate its use in both phonological analysis and language documentation.
{"title":"The Talking Balafon of the Sambla: Grammatical Principles and Documentary Implications","authors":"Laura McPherson","doi":"10.1353/anl.2019.0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/anl.2019.0006","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:This article makes the case for linguists to take part in the study of musical surrogate languages, where linguistic form is transposed onto music. It draws on the case study of the Sambla balafon, a West African resonator xylophone. Seenku (Northwestern Mande, Samogo), the language of the Sambla people, has a highly complex tonal system, whose four contrastive levels and multiple contour tones are encoded musically in the notes of the balafon, allowing musicians to communicate without ever opening their mouths. I analyze the grammar of the surrogate language and demonstrate its use in both phonological analysis and language documentation.","PeriodicalId":35350,"journal":{"name":"Anthropological Linguistics","volume":"60 1","pages":"255 - 294"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1353/anl.2019.0006","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48022673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Fur Trader on the Upper Missouri: The Journal and Description of Jean-Baptiste Truteau, 1794–1796 ed. by Raymond J. DeMallie, Douglas R. Parks, Robert Vézina (review)","authors":"A. Taylor","doi":"10.1353/ANL.2019.0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/ANL.2019.0003","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":35350,"journal":{"name":"Anthropological Linguistics","volume":"60 1","pages":"191 - 194"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1353/ANL.2019.0003","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46187536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract:Default lexical diffusion involves diffusion of phonological forms and their associated semantics. Subsections are a domain in sociocentric kin classification, whose spread shows full, partial, and null matches between conceptual diffusion and diffusion of terminologies. This offers a rare opportunity to analyze correlations between conceptual and linguistic diffusion. These correlations are modeled using social network theory: partial conceptual diffusion correlates with higher levels of weak ties, whereas partial lexical diffusion correlates with lower levels of weak ties. Subsection terminologies are widely diffused and are therefore Wanderwörter. However, they constitute a distinctive subclass, inasmuch as a lexical domain is diffused, not individual words.
{"title":"Subsection Terminologies in Northern Australia: Conceptual and Lexical Diffusion","authors":"M. Harvey","doi":"10.1353/anl.2019.0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/anl.2019.0001","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:Default lexical diffusion involves diffusion of phonological forms and their associated semantics. Subsections are a domain in sociocentric kin classification, whose spread shows full, partial, and null matches between conceptual diffusion and diffusion of terminologies. This offers a rare opportunity to analyze correlations between conceptual and linguistic diffusion. These correlations are modeled using social network theory: partial conceptual diffusion correlates with higher levels of weak ties, whereas partial lexical diffusion correlates with lower levels of weak ties. Subsection terminologies are widely diffused and are therefore Wanderwörter. However, they constitute a distinctive subclass, inasmuch as a lexical domain is diffused, not individual words.","PeriodicalId":35350,"journal":{"name":"Anthropological Linguistics","volume":"60 1","pages":"110 - 156"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1353/anl.2019.0001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42229708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract:Comparative evidence for the Penutian hypothesis is very thin, but more evidence has been presented in the literature for the validity of two smaller units: Plateau Penutian, consisting of Sahaptian, Cayuse, Klamath-Modoc, and probably Maiduan, and Yok-Utian, consisting of Yokuts and Miwok-Costanoan. However, some evidence for a genetic relationship between these two units are provided here. Several lexical comparisons are presented that involve correspondences in internal word structure, larger word families, or both. Two morphological comparisons, of a locative construction and a numeral suffix, help to explain irregularities in the daughter languages.
{"title":"Evidence for Inland Penutian","authors":"Scott DeLancey","doi":"10.1353/anl.2019.0000","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/anl.2019.0000","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:Comparative evidence for the Penutian hypothesis is very thin, but more evidence has been presented in the literature for the validity of two smaller units: Plateau Penutian, consisting of Sahaptian, Cayuse, Klamath-Modoc, and probably Maiduan, and Yok-Utian, consisting of Yokuts and Miwok-Costanoan. However, some evidence for a genetic relationship between these two units are provided here. Several lexical comparisons are presented that involve correspondences in internal word structure, larger word families, or both. Two morphological comparisons, of a locative construction and a numeral suffix, help to explain irregularities in the daughter languages.","PeriodicalId":35350,"journal":{"name":"Anthropological Linguistics","volume":"60 1","pages":"109 - 95"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1353/anl.2019.0000","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46826317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract:Although expressivity is indisputably a crucial function of language, expressive features have often been neglected in linguistic descriptions. After discussing how this lack can reflect a gender bias in language documentation, this article recruits first-hand data from two Australian Aboriginal languages to explore whether the grammatical properties of individual languages can influence the semantics of their expressive resources. The study compares diminutives found in Dalabon and Rembarrnga, two Gunwinyguan languages spoken in the same cultural environment. The comparison shows that in spite of many mismatching linguistic properties, the emotions that these diminutives can express remain remarkably stable, suggesting strong sociocultural constraints in this semantic domain.
{"title":"Do Linguistic Properties Influence Expressive Potential? The Case of Two Australian Diminutives (Gunwinyguan Family)","authors":"Maïa Ponsonnet","doi":"10.1353/anl.2019.0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/anl.2019.0002","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:Although expressivity is indisputably a crucial function of language, expressive features have often been neglected in linguistic descriptions. After discussing how this lack can reflect a gender bias in language documentation, this article recruits first-hand data from two Australian Aboriginal languages to explore whether the grammatical properties of individual languages can influence the semantics of their expressive resources. The study compares diminutives found in Dalabon and Rembarrnga, two Gunwinyguan languages spoken in the same cultural environment. The comparison shows that in spite of many mismatching linguistic properties, the emotions that these diminutives can express remain remarkably stable, suggesting strong sociocultural constraints in this semantic domain.","PeriodicalId":35350,"journal":{"name":"Anthropological Linguistics","volume":"60 1","pages":"157 - 190"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1353/anl.2019.0002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43043365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract:This article revisits Bloomfield's 1962 description of reduplication in Menominee, drawing examples from his work and from original fieldwork. Reduplication of verb stems is shown to mark repetition or continuation of action, habitual action, intensification, and plurality. The forms of reduplication–regular and irregular–are discussed, as is Bloomfield's claim that irregular forms have a connotation of violence. I argue that Menominee reduplication is stem reduplication, not root reduplication, and propose an analysis of regular reduplication, drawing on synchronic and diachronic facts about the language.
{"title":"Reduplication in Menominee","authors":"M. Macaulay","doi":"10.1353/ANL.2018.0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/ANL.2018.0001","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:This article revisits Bloomfield's 1962 description of reduplication in Menominee, drawing examples from his work and from original fieldwork. Reduplication of verb stems is shown to mark repetition or continuation of action, habitual action, intensification, and plurality. The forms of reduplication–regular and irregular–are discussed, as is Bloomfield's claim that irregular forms have a connotation of violence. I argue that Menominee reduplication is stem reduplication, not root reduplication, and propose an analysis of regular reduplication, drawing on synchronic and diachronic facts about the language.","PeriodicalId":35350,"journal":{"name":"Anthropological Linguistics","volume":"60 1","pages":"30 - 43"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1353/ANL.2018.0001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43104172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract:The sociolinguistic outcomes of migration in Morocco's largest city, Casablanca, are examined through analysis of the adoption of the second person gender-marking norms of Casablanca Arabic by three groups whose heritage varieties have a corresponding merger or distinction of gender. Ethnographic interviews and interactions with multigenerational families show that convergence to the dominant Casablanca norm is not uniform across the three different groups. While linguistic simplification is important, differences in referential and nonreferential indexical meanings of each group's linguistic variant vis-à-vis that of Casablanca play a critical role in the different outcomes of this morphosyntactic contact.
{"title":"Arabic Dialect Contact and Change in Casablanca: The Role of Simplification and Salience in the Adoption of a Morphosyntactic Variable","authors":"Atiqa Hachimi","doi":"10.1353/anl.2018.0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/anl.2018.0003","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:The sociolinguistic outcomes of migration in Morocco's largest city, Casablanca, are examined through analysis of the adoption of the second person gender-marking norms of Casablanca Arabic by three groups whose heritage varieties have a corresponding merger or distinction of gender. Ethnographic interviews and interactions with multigenerational families show that convergence to the dominant Casablanca norm is not uniform across the three different groups. While linguistic simplification is important, differences in referential and nonreferential indexical meanings of each group's linguistic variant vis-à-vis that of Casablanca play a critical role in the different outcomes of this morphosyntactic contact.","PeriodicalId":35350,"journal":{"name":"Anthropological Linguistics","volume":"60 1","pages":"60 - 93"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1353/anl.2018.0003","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47211140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract:The Tahltan lexicon has been noticeably affected by Tlingit. This article presents that portion of Tahltan lexicon that is rooted in Tlingit, and describes semantic and morphological properties of, and phonemic changes undergone by, Tlingit-derived vocabulary. Historical sources indicate that the principal forces driving transfer of vocabulary from Tlingit to Tahltan are trade-and culture-related contact, migrations, remigrations, and intermarriage.
{"title":"Language Contact in the Northernmost Regions of the Pacific Northwest: Tlingit Elements in Tahltan","authors":"H. Nater","doi":"10.1353/anl.2018.0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/anl.2018.0002","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:The Tahltan lexicon has been noticeably affected by Tlingit. This article presents that portion of Tahltan lexicon that is rooted in Tlingit, and describes semantic and morphological properties of, and phonemic changes undergone by, Tlingit-derived vocabulary. Historical sources indicate that the principal forces driving transfer of vocabulary from Tlingit to Tahltan are trade-and culture-related contact, migrations, remigrations, and intermarriage.","PeriodicalId":35350,"journal":{"name":"Anthropological Linguistics","volume":"60 1","pages":"44 - 59"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1353/anl.2018.0002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48702649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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