Abstract:This article investigates the evolution of Arab personal name formulas in the Arabian Peninsula and the Levant since the early days of Islam. We chronicle three periods from the five-component formula of the classical period (550–1600 ce) to the three-component formulas of the neoclassical Kuwaiti period (1600–1960 ce) and modern period in twelve countries (1960–present), as well as the two-component formula of the Islamic State (2014–present). We discuss the three modern name components and recent onomastic changes in Kuwait, and outline how some name formulas must have gradually evolved over time. Diachronic and synchronic differences in name formulas reflect national, political, social, and gender distinctions as well as perceptions of social identity.
{"title":"From Classical to Modern Arab Names and Back","authors":"A. Almuhanna, Jean-François Prunet","doi":"10.1353/anl.2019.0023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/anl.2019.0023","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:This article investigates the evolution of Arab personal name formulas in the Arabian Peninsula and the Levant since the early days of Islam. We chronicle three periods from the five-component formula of the classical period (550–1600 ce) to the three-component formulas of the neoclassical Kuwaiti period (1600–1960 ce) and modern period in twelve countries (1960–present), as well as the two-component formula of the Islamic State (2014–present). We discuss the three modern name components and recent onomastic changes in Kuwait, and outline how some name formulas must have gradually evolved over time. Diachronic and synchronic differences in name formulas reflect national, political, social, and gender distinctions as well as perceptions of social identity.","PeriodicalId":35350,"journal":{"name":"Anthropological Linguistics","volume":"61 1","pages":"405 - 458"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46683145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract:Oneida (Northern Iroquoian) “feminine/indefinite” (F/I) pro-nominal prefixes are polysemous between an indefinite and a feminine reading. Feminine meaning is more common in texts, explaining speakers’ intuition that this meaning is more basic. Moreover, F/I prefixes are more common in “irrealis” narratives—narratives about ghosts, customs, and memories. Indefinite F/I prefixes may cooccur with indefinite words, e.g., uhkaʔ ok ‘someone’; about half the occurrences of F/I prefixes do so. Conflation of the two meanings is culturally based—positively, in the relation between womanhood and mankind and negatively, in the relation between womanhood and the unimportant.
{"title":"Oneida Person Indefiniteness: Usage and Florescence","authors":"José Antonio Jódar-Sánchez","doi":"10.1353/anl.2019.0019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/anl.2019.0019","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:Oneida (Northern Iroquoian) “feminine/indefinite” (F/I) pro-nominal prefixes are polysemous between an indefinite and a feminine reading. Feminine meaning is more common in texts, explaining speakers’ intuition that this meaning is more basic. Moreover, F/I prefixes are more common in “irrealis” narratives—narratives about ghosts, customs, and memories. Indefinite F/I prefixes may cooccur with indefinite words, e.g., uhkaʔ ok ‘someone’; about half the occurrences of F/I prefixes do so. Conflation of the two meanings is culturally based—positively, in the relation between womanhood and mankind and negatively, in the relation between womanhood and the unimportant.","PeriodicalId":35350,"journal":{"name":"Anthropological Linguistics","volume":"61 1","pages":"311 - 340"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1353/anl.2019.0019","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46502254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract:This article discusses linguistic evidence on the migrations of Arawakan groups to the Paraguay region of South America. The fact that Guaicuruan loanwords in the language of the Guaná-Chané cluster semantically in domains related to bodies of water is best explained by tracing the origins of the Guaná-Chané to dryer environments, these loanwords referring to novel aspects of the Paraguay landscape that they encountered as they moved into it. These findings, combined with evidence in the ethnohistorical literature, support the hypothesis of a single prehistoric origin for the Guaná-Chané in the northwestern Chaco.
{"title":"Etymology Meets Ethnohistory: Linguistic Evidence for the Prehistoric Origin of the Guaná-Chané in the Northwestern Chaco","authors":"Fernando O. de Carvalho","doi":"10.1353/anl.2019.0020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/anl.2019.0020","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:This article discusses linguistic evidence on the migrations of Arawakan groups to the Paraguay region of South America. The fact that Guaicuruan loanwords in the language of the Guaná-Chané cluster semantically in domains related to bodies of water is best explained by tracing the origins of the Guaná-Chané to dryer environments, these loanwords referring to novel aspects of the Paraguay landscape that they encountered as they moved into it. These findings, combined with evidence in the ethnohistorical literature, support the hypothesis of a single prehistoric origin for the Guaná-Chané in the northwestern Chaco.","PeriodicalId":35350,"journal":{"name":"Anthropological Linguistics","volume":"61 1","pages":"341 - 363"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1353/anl.2019.0020","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45497179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract:The most popular form of poetry in Dhivehi (an Indo-Aryan language of the Maldives) before the twentieth century, raivaru, utilizes the scrambling of syllables as a poetic device. Scrambling harnesses processes typically associated with language games. Yet, while players of language games transform words according to rigid processes, Maldivian poets scramble syllables in response to six poetic constraints. Two broad forms of scrambling may be distinguished: intraword vs. long-distance. One factor that may influence the poet’s decision to scramble syllables in particular ways is the recitation melody.
{"title":"Scrambling Syllables in Sung Poetry of the Maldives","authors":"Garrett Field","doi":"10.1353/anl.2019.0021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/anl.2019.0021","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:The most popular form of poetry in Dhivehi (an Indo-Aryan language of the Maldives) before the twentieth century, raivaru, utilizes the scrambling of syllables as a poetic device. Scrambling harnesses processes typically associated with language games. Yet, while players of language games transform words according to rigid processes, Maldivian poets scramble syllables in response to six poetic constraints. Two broad forms of scrambling may be distinguished: intraword vs. long-distance. One factor that may influence the poet’s decision to scramble syllables in particular ways is the recitation melody.","PeriodicalId":35350,"journal":{"name":"Anthropological Linguistics","volume":"61 1","pages":"364 - 388"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1353/anl.2019.0021","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46991827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract:In Omani Arabic, terms of endearment are formed by women to project an identity that reveals not only intimacy and friendship, but also inferiority and subordination. Their use reveals gender differentiation whereby women are expected to assume an independent role that gives them power and detachment from families. This study documents the linguistic richness and creativity of Omani Arabic terms of endearment as used in Omani society.
{"title":"Terms of Endearment in Omani Arabic","authors":"Khalsa Al Aghbari, Rahma Al Mahrooqi","doi":"10.1353/anl.2019.0022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/anl.2019.0022","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:In Omani Arabic, terms of endearment are formed by women to project an identity that reveals not only intimacy and friendship, but also inferiority and subordination. Their use reveals gender differentiation whereby women are expected to assume an independent role that gives them power and detachment from families. This study documents the linguistic richness and creativity of Omani Arabic terms of endearment as used in Omani society.","PeriodicalId":35350,"journal":{"name":"Anthropological Linguistics","volume":"61 1","pages":"389 - 404"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1353/anl.2019.0022","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66192927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract:Traditionally, Meskwaki personal names are assigned from an ancient stock of names. At any given point in history, names are assigned uniquely, by clan. It is of critical importance to match the right name with the right individual. Semantically speaking, Meskwaki names typically refer to an aspect of a story about the clan animal(s). Morphologically speaking, Meskwaki names are most often participles or deverbal nouns. They are rarely or never simple nouns, but are sometimes compound nouns. They are sometimes nominalized phrases. Certain kinds of Meskwaki names exhibit morphology found nowhere else in the language.
{"title":"Personal Names in Meskwaki","authors":"L. Thomason","doi":"10.1353/anl.2021.0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/anl.2021.0005","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:Traditionally, Meskwaki personal names are assigned from an ancient stock of names. At any given point in history, names are assigned uniquely, by clan. It is of critical importance to match the right name with the right individual. Semantically speaking, Meskwaki names typically refer to an aspect of a story about the clan animal(s). Morphologically speaking, Meskwaki names are most often participles or deverbal nouns. They are rarely or never simple nouns, but are sometimes compound nouns. They are sometimes nominalized phrases. Certain kinds of Meskwaki names exhibit morphology found nowhere else in the language.","PeriodicalId":35350,"journal":{"name":"Anthropological Linguistics","volume":"63 1","pages":"152 - 167"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47469029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract:As is typical for the Iroquoian family, Oneida names are either analyzable as generated from the templates of the (mostly verb and sometimes noun) morphology or unanalyzable. With one type of exception, analyzable names are not distinguished in form from common nouns and verbs. The semantic range of names is broad and categories of names do not generally have social significance. Contemporary name-giving practices tend to use analyzable names with the expectation of some fit between the name and the individual. Nicknames and titles follow different practices.
{"title":"Personal Names in Oneida","authors":"Clifford Abbott","doi":"10.1353/anl.2021.0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/anl.2021.0006","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:As is typical for the Iroquoian family, Oneida names are either analyzable as generated from the templates of the (mostly verb and sometimes noun) morphology or unanalyzable. With one type of exception, analyzable names are not distinguished in form from common nouns and verbs. The semantic range of names is broad and categories of names do not generally have social significance. Contemporary name-giving practices tend to use analyzable names with the expectation of some fit between the name and the individual. Nicknames and titles follow different practices.","PeriodicalId":35350,"journal":{"name":"Anthropological Linguistics","volume":"63 1","pages":"168 - 177"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49287465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract:This article surveys the formation of traditional Plains Cree personal names. Overall, a wide array of patterns is possible across the major word classes, though particles are less common in names. Nouns representing a wide range of semantic categories (though predominantly animate) are common elements, alone or in more complex constructions; certain terms for people frequently appear finally in compounds. Verb forms are likewise common, alone or with other elements. In short, Cree names encompass more than merely a microcosm of Cree grammar; notably, the complementizer kā- appears as a marker of names beyond its normal grammatical role.
{"title":"Plains Cree Personal Names","authors":"A. Wolvengrey","doi":"10.1353/anl.2021.0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/anl.2021.0004","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:This article surveys the formation of traditional Plains Cree personal names. Overall, a wide array of patterns is possible across the major word classes, though particles are less common in names. Nouns representing a wide range of semantic categories (though predominantly animate) are common elements, alone or in more complex constructions; certain terms for people frequently appear finally in compounds. Verb forms are likewise common, alone or with other elements. In short, Cree names encompass more than merely a microcosm of Cree grammar; notably, the complementizer kā- appears as a marker of names beyond its normal grammatical role.","PeriodicalId":35350,"journal":{"name":"Anthropological Linguistics","volume":"63 1","pages":"127 - 151"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49031552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract:Kaska personal names are important symbols of identity that draw on diverse cultural practices and beliefs, including an extensive history of interaction with Tlingits. Kaska personal names in the Hudson's Bay Company records reveal continuity between historical and contemporary naming practices and provide evidence that Kaskas were living in their present territories in the early 1840s. Throughout the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, traders, miners, and missionaries imposed their own naming systems, but Kaskas have continued to maintain a separate Indigenous naming system.
{"title":"Kaska Personal Names: Continuity and Change","authors":"P. Moore, Daria Boltokova, Victoria Sear","doi":"10.1353/anl.2021.0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/anl.2021.0008","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:Kaska personal names are important symbols of identity that draw on diverse cultural practices and beliefs, including an extensive history of interaction with Tlingits. Kaska personal names in the Hudson's Bay Company records reveal continuity between historical and contemporary naming practices and provide evidence that Kaskas were living in their present territories in the early 1840s. Throughout the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, traders, miners, and missionaries imposed their own naming systems, but Kaskas have continued to maintain a separate Indigenous naming system.","PeriodicalId":35350,"journal":{"name":"Anthropological Linguistics","volume":"63 1","pages":"197 - 210"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45160700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：