Abstract:The Muskogee system of personal names has been maintained and documented for over three hundred years. Children in this system are given names that refer to heroic actions performed by a relative. When a boy reaches puberty, he is given a new name (a name-title) that typically connects him to his mother's family and that indicates his willingness to serve the community. Upon marriage, a man may be given a new name to show his adoption into his wife's community. This article carefully considers the form, etymology, and uses of Muskogee names, how they have changed over time, and how they reinforce Muskogee values and social structure at key life events.
{"title":"Muskogee (Creek) Naming Practices","authors":"Jack Martin","doi":"10.1353/anl.2021.0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/anl.2021.0007","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:The Muskogee system of personal names has been maintained and documented for over three hundred years. Children in this system are given names that refer to heroic actions performed by a relative. When a boy reaches puberty, he is given a new name (a name-title) that typically connects him to his mother's family and that indicates his willingness to serve the community. Upon marriage, a man may be given a new name to show his adoption into his wife's community. This article carefully considers the form, etymology, and uses of Muskogee names, how they have changed over time, and how they reinforce Muskogee values and social structure at key life events.","PeriodicalId":35350,"journal":{"name":"Anthropological Linguistics","volume":"63 1","pages":"178 - 196"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47882187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract:This article describes the personal names and naming practices of the Pawnee and Arikara, Northern Caddoan tribes formerly in east-central Nebraska through eastern South Dakota. Personal names among Native American groups have received only passing attention from anthropologists and linguists. However, Caddoan names constitute an intriguing class in both their morphological composition and in the association of particular grammatical structures with age, status, and gender. The study draws on censuses, historical documents, and fifty years of linguistic documentation among the two tribes, which together provide a database of over seven hundred names for each the Pawnee and the Arikara.
{"title":"Arikara and Pawnee Personal Names","authors":"D. Parks","doi":"10.1353/anl.2021.0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/anl.2021.0001","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:This article describes the personal names and naming practices of the Pawnee and Arikara, Northern Caddoan tribes formerly in east-central Nebraska through eastern South Dakota. Personal names among Native American groups have received only passing attention from anthropologists and linguists. However, Caddoan names constitute an intriguing class in both their morphological composition and in the association of particular grammatical structures with age, status, and gender. The study draws on censuses, historical documents, and fifty years of linguistic documentation among the two tribes, which together provide a database of over seven hundred names for each the Pawnee and the Arikara.","PeriodicalId":35350,"journal":{"name":"Anthropological Linguistics","volume":"299 4","pages":"5 - 68"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41258516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract:A prevalent practice among the speakers of Hul'q'umi'num' in the mid-nineteenth to mid-twentieth centuries was to create a nickname for a person by nativizing his or her English name. Nativized names show the same sort of accommodation to Hul'q'umi'num' phonology and morphology as seen in other loanwords. Sociolinguistically, the use of nicknames contributed to group cohesion by giving an affectionate way to refer to friends and relatives that was different from the legal name used by outsiders.
{"title":"The Form and Function of Nativized Names in Hul'q'umi'num'","authors":"D. Gerdts, Ruby M. Peter","doi":"10.1353/anl.2021.0010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/anl.2021.0010","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:A prevalent practice among the speakers of Hul'q'umi'num' in the mid-nineteenth to mid-twentieth centuries was to create a nickname for a person by nativizing his or her English name. Nativized names show the same sort of accommodation to Hul'q'umi'num' phonology and morphology as seen in other loanwords. Sociolinguistically, the use of nicknames contributed to group cohesion by giving an affectionate way to refer to friends and relatives that was different from the legal name used by outsiders.","PeriodicalId":35350,"journal":{"name":"Anthropological Linguistics","volume":"63 1","pages":"226 - 242"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43605832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract:This article lists personal names in White Clay (or Gros Ventre; Algonquian, northern Plains) from various sources, and discusses the structure and semantics of names in the corpus recorded by myself. Grammatically, names consist of single nouns (with or without modifiers), compound nouns, and nominal phrases; particles; inflected verbal forms; uninflected verbal themes, sometimes truncated; or truncated noun stems. Semantically, names reference social activities such as war, hunting (especially of bison), and religion (ceremonies and sacred objects); nature, especially animals (but rarely the horse); traditional material culture; ethnic affiliation; physical features and other personal attributes; subsistence activities; and singing.
{"title":"Traditional Names and Naming Customs of the White Clay (Gros Ventre) People","authors":"A. Taylor","doi":"10.1353/anl.2021.0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/anl.2021.0003","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:This article lists personal names in White Clay (or Gros Ventre; Algonquian, northern Plains) from various sources, and discusses the structure and semantics of names in the corpus recorded by myself. Grammatically, names consist of single nouns (with or without modifiers), compound nouns, and nominal phrases; particles; inflected verbal forms; uninflected verbal themes, sometimes truncated; or truncated noun stems. Semantically, names reference social activities such as war, hunting (especially of bison), and religion (ceremonies and sacred objects); nature, especially animals (but rarely the horse); traditional material culture; ethnic affiliation; physical features and other personal attributes; subsistence activities; and singing.","PeriodicalId":35350,"journal":{"name":"Anthropological Linguistics","volume":"63 1","pages":"126 - 80"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48462195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract:Coast Salishan traditional names typically have no English translation. There are a limited number, and each is considered private property passed down through a system involving the interaction of families and generations. Focusing on names in one Coast Salishan language, Klallam, we find that names have phonological features (limited inventory of phonemes and limited syllable structure), morphological features (lack of any inflection or derivation), and syntactic features (special determiner use) that make them a distinct category.
{"title":"The Grammar of Traditional Personal Names in Klallam","authors":"Timothy Montler","doi":"10.1353/anl.2021.0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/anl.2021.0009","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:Coast Salishan traditional names typically have no English translation. There are a limited number, and each is considered private property passed down through a system involving the interaction of families and generations. Focusing on names in one Coast Salishan language, Klallam, we find that names have phonological features (limited inventory of phonemes and limited syllable structure), morphological features (lack of any inflection or derivation), and syntactic features (special determiner use) that make them a distinct category.","PeriodicalId":35350,"journal":{"name":"Anthropological Linguistics","volume":"63 1","pages":"211 - 225"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47686806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract:The meanings of Lakota personal names have been the subject of a great deal of speculation, usually based on anecdotal evidence, folk etymologies, and intuition. No systematic study has been undertaken of the linguistic structure of Lakota names and the cultural principles on the basis of which names are created. This article, based primarily on census records for the Pine Ridge Reservation, South Dakota, supplemented by consulting with contemporary speakers of Lakota at Pine Ridge, reveals a limited range of grammatical and semantic possibilities for personal names and provides insight into language use and cultural meaning.
{"title":"Lakota Personal Names","authors":"Raymond J. Demallie","doi":"10.1353/anl.2021.0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/anl.2021.0002","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:The meanings of Lakota personal names have been the subject of a great deal of speculation, usually based on anecdotal evidence, folk etymologies, and intuition. No systematic study has been undertaken of the linguistic structure of Lakota names and the cultural principles on the basis of which names are created. This article, based primarily on census records for the Pine Ridge Reservation, South Dakota, supplemented by consulting with contemporary speakers of Lakota at Pine Ridge, reveals a limited range of grammatical and semantic possibilities for personal names and provides insight into language use and cultural meaning.","PeriodicalId":35350,"journal":{"name":"Anthropological Linguistics","volume":"63 1","pages":"69 - 79"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49552369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract:This article examines personal stories told in English by representatives of the last bilingual generation speaking the Upper Kuskokwim Athabaskan language, investigating how far formal and thematic features of the storytelling tradition persist despite the language shift. Coherence in stories of personal experience in this community depends on the linguacultural models needed for their interpretation and Alaskan Athabaskan cultural traditions of storytelling, determining both the structure of stories and the dynamics of storytelling situations.
{"title":"Maintaining Tradition: Thematic and Structural Coherence in Personal Stories by Upper Kuskokwim Athabaskans","authors":"M. Bergelson","doi":"10.1353/anl.2019.0015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/anl.2019.0015","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:This article examines personal stories told in English by representatives of the last bilingual generation speaking the Upper Kuskokwim Athabaskan language, investigating how far formal and thematic features of the storytelling tradition persist despite the language shift. Coherence in stories of personal experience in this community depends on the linguacultural models needed for their interpretation and Alaskan Athabaskan cultural traditions of storytelling, determining both the structure of stories and the dynamics of storytelling situations.","PeriodicalId":35350,"journal":{"name":"Anthropological Linguistics","volume":"61 1","pages":"183 - 219"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1353/anl.2019.0015","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42115786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract:In Pesh (Chibchan, Honduras), the topic marker =ma is generally not used for continuing topics or in topic shifts with accessible reference; use of =ma with a topic NP is correlated with thematic discontinuity or referent complexity, including shifted or contrastive topics, antitopics, frame-setting topics, and some continuing topics. Topic constituents other than antitopics are usually clause-initial, and all are marked by particular prosodic characteristics. Four uses of =ma do not fit this characterization: with personal pronouns (especially first person); in stacking of several constituents in the same clause or intonation unit; in relativization of subjects; and as a mark of certain kinds of embedded clauses.
{"title":"Overt Topic Marking and Discourse Coherence in Pesh: Between Correlation and Divergence","authors":"C. Chamoreau","doi":"10.1353/anl.2019.0016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/anl.2019.0016","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:In Pesh (Chibchan, Honduras), the topic marker =ma is generally not used for continuing topics or in topic shifts with accessible reference; use of =ma with a topic NP is correlated with thematic discontinuity or referent complexity, including shifted or contrastive topics, antitopics, frame-setting topics, and some continuing topics. Topic constituents other than antitopics are usually clause-initial, and all are marked by particular prosodic characteristics. Four uses of =ma do not fit this characterization: with personal pronouns (especially first person); in stacking of several constituents in the same clause or intonation unit; in relativization of subjects; and as a mark of certain kinds of embedded clauses.","PeriodicalId":35350,"journal":{"name":"Anthropological Linguistics","volume":"61 1","pages":"220 - 249"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1353/anl.2019.0016","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48450130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract:I investigate local discourse structure in Upper Kuskokwim (Athabaskan, Alaska), drawing on a corpus of discourses that includes a variety of genres. Local discourse structure consists of minimal steps in speech production, so-called elementary discourse units (EDUs). As in other languages, prosodically identified EDUs correlate strongly with clauses; subclausal EDUs (e.g., increments to a preceding clause) and superclausal EDUs (e.g., matrix clause plus complement) occur. Larger units are spoken sentences, identifiable on prosodic grounds; sentence-final and sentence-medial prosodic patterns can be distinguished. The approach is extended to conversation, which shows shorter EDUs and pervasive code mixing. I also report an experimental study in which minimally trained participants were rather reliably able to identify EDUs in an unfamiliar language, relying exclusively on prosodic cues.
{"title":"Upper Kuskokwim (Athabaskan, Alaska): Elementary Discourse Units and Other Aspects of Local Discourse Structure","authors":"A. Kibrik","doi":"10.1353/anl.2019.0018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/anl.2019.0018","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:I investigate local discourse structure in Upper Kuskokwim (Athabaskan, Alaska), drawing on a corpus of discourses that includes a variety of genres. Local discourse structure consists of minimal steps in speech production, so-called elementary discourse units (EDUs). As in other languages, prosodically identified EDUs correlate strongly with clauses; subclausal EDUs (e.g., increments to a preceding clause) and superclausal EDUs (e.g., matrix clause plus complement) occur. Larger units are spoken sentences, identifiable on prosodic grounds; sentence-final and sentence-medial prosodic patterns can be distinguished. The approach is extended to conversation, which shows shorter EDUs and pervasive code mixing. I also report an experimental study in which minimally trained participants were rather reliably able to identify EDUs in an unfamiliar language, relying exclusively on prosodic cues.","PeriodicalId":35350,"journal":{"name":"Anthropological Linguistics","volume":"61 1","pages":"141 - 182"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1353/anl.2019.0018","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43507936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract:Genre effects on the construction of discourse coherence are investigated through a case study in Yaqui (Uto-Aztecan, northwestern Mexico and in Arizona). Five different discourse factors (referential continuity, finiteness vs. nonfiniteness, information structure, pausing and intonation contours, and discourse markers) are selected in order to compare how they function together to create discourse coherence in two different texts representative of two main discourse genres: monologues (narrative) and dialogues (conversation). Differences between the texts are identified not only for each feature separately but also in terms of correlations between these features.
{"title":"Discourse Coherence in Narratives and Conversations: A Case Study in Yaqui (Uto-Aztecan)","authors":"Albert Álvarez González","doi":"10.1353/anl.2019.0017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/anl.2019.0017","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:Genre effects on the construction of discourse coherence are investigated through a case study in Yaqui (Uto-Aztecan, northwestern Mexico and in Arizona). Five different discourse factors (referential continuity, finiteness vs. nonfiniteness, information structure, pausing and intonation contours, and discourse markers) are selected in order to compare how they function together to create discourse coherence in two different texts representative of two main discourse genres: monologues (narrative) and dialogues (conversation). Differences between the texts are identified not only for each feature separately but also in terms of correlations between these features.","PeriodicalId":35350,"journal":{"name":"Anthropological Linguistics","volume":"61 1","pages":"250 - 309"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1353/anl.2019.0017","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48653597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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