Pub Date : 2012-02-06DOI: 10.1504/IJTG.2012.045295
A. Hira
By the laws of natural advantage, Finland should be a natural resource producer. In fact, Nokia, now known as a leading manufacturer in cell phones, started out as a wood pulp company. A combination of historical and geographic conditions helped to set the stage for the transformation of this once isolated economy. However, policy interventions were essential. These interventions evolved over time. Even more important was taking advantage of the windows of opportunity afforded by the deregulation of telecommunications markets in the largest economies. The openness to adjustment and learning through mistakes speaks to a strong national determination. The coordination of state-private sector efforts towards national goals is unmistakeable and deliberate in the case of Nokia.
{"title":"Secrets behind the Finnish miracle: the rise of Nokia","authors":"A. Hira","doi":"10.1504/IJTG.2012.045295","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJTG.2012.045295","url":null,"abstract":"By the laws of natural advantage, Finland should be a natural resource producer. In fact, Nokia, now known as a leading manufacturer in cell phones, started out as a wood pulp company. A combination of historical and geographic conditions helped to set the stage for the transformation of this once isolated economy. However, policy interventions were essential. These interventions evolved over time. Even more important was taking advantage of the windows of opportunity afforded by the deregulation of telecommunications markets in the largest economies. The openness to adjustment and learning through mistakes speaks to a strong national determination. The coordination of state-private sector efforts towards national goals is unmistakeable and deliberate in the case of Nokia.","PeriodicalId":35474,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Technology and Globalisation","volume":"97 1","pages":"38"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1504/IJTG.2012.045295","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66776766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-02-06DOI: 10.1504/IJTG.2012.045292
P. Waswa, C. Juma
To expeditiously address fundamental national development needs e.g., health, education, food security and natural resource management; Kenya needs to invoke space-based technologies. A vibrant domestic space sector further spawns a plethora of other space-related opportunities – congruous with the government’s long-term planning strategy; Kenya Vision 2030. We specifically analyse Kenya’s technological environment, and then characterize phase-by-phase technological evolution it requires to establish a space sector and become self-reliant in space technology for sustainable development. Kenya needs to build human, organisational and societal capacity through ‘leapfrogging’ technology transfer mechanisms. Mastering satellite engineering, earth observation and acquiring launch capability constitute the priority areas.
{"title":"Establishing a space sector for sustainable development in Kenya","authors":"P. Waswa, C. Juma","doi":"10.1504/IJTG.2012.045292","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJTG.2012.045292","url":null,"abstract":"To expeditiously address fundamental national development needs e.g., health, education, food security and natural resource management; Kenya needs to invoke space-based technologies. A vibrant domestic space sector further spawns a plethora of other space-related opportunities – congruous with the government’s long-term planning strategy; Kenya Vision 2030. We specifically analyse Kenya’s technological environment, and then characterize phase-by-phase technological evolution it requires to establish a space sector and become self-reliant in space technology for sustainable development. Kenya needs to build human, organisational and societal capacity through ‘leapfrogging’ technology transfer mechanisms. Mastering satellite engineering, earth observation and acquiring launch capability constitute the priority areas.","PeriodicalId":35474,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Technology and Globalisation","volume":"6 1","pages":"152"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1504/IJTG.2012.045292","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66777157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-04-19DOI: 10.1504/IJTG.2011.039764
J. Peuckert
We compare newly industrialising countries as to their capabilities for integrating sustainability innovations into their catching-up processes. We thereby provide an approach to assess their absorption potential for sustainability innovations. The conditions that favour the exploitation of imitation opportunities are separated into general innovation capabilities and the sustainability selection environment. Using principal component analysis to aggregate numerous subjective indicators, we construct two composite indices that measure the functioning of the national innovation system and the societal anchoring of sustainability, respectively. Both indices have a strong positive correlation, suggesting that the development of certain institutions promotes both innovation and sustainability.
{"title":"Assessment of the social capabilities for catching-up through sustainability innovations","authors":"J. Peuckert","doi":"10.1504/IJTG.2011.039764","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJTG.2011.039764","url":null,"abstract":"We compare newly industrialising countries as to their capabilities for integrating sustainability innovations into their catching-up processes. We thereby provide an approach to assess their absorption potential for sustainability innovations. The conditions that favour the exploitation of imitation opportunities are separated into general innovation capabilities and the sustainability selection environment. Using principal component analysis to aggregate numerous subjective indicators, we construct two composite indices that measure the functioning of the national innovation system and the societal anchoring of sustainability, respectively. Both indices have a strong positive correlation, suggesting that the development of certain institutions promotes both innovation and sustainability.","PeriodicalId":35474,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Technology and Globalisation","volume":"5 1","pages":"190"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1504/IJTG.2011.039764","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66776943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-04-19DOI: 10.1504/IJTG.2011.039768
Joanna I. Lewis
This paper explores the strategies used by the domestic wind power technology companies in China, India and South Korea in order to understand how these countries have acquired and assimilated advanced technologies. It finds that the primary technology transfer and acquisition strategies utilised included licensing arrangements and Mergers and Acquisitions (M&A) that resulted in the transfer of technology ownership and partnerships for the joint development of new technology. As technology development becomes increasingly global, firms in the emerging economies can take advantage of their increasing access to technological know-how that was previously developed by and for the developed world.
{"title":"Building a national wind turbine industry: experiences from China, India and South Korea","authors":"Joanna I. Lewis","doi":"10.1504/IJTG.2011.039768","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJTG.2011.039768","url":null,"abstract":"This paper explores the strategies used by the domestic wind power technology companies in China, India and South Korea in order to understand how these countries have acquired and assimilated advanced technologies. It finds that the primary technology transfer and acquisition strategies utilised included licensing arrangements and Mergers and Acquisitions (M&A) that resulted in the transfer of technology ownership and partnerships for the joint development of new technology. As technology development becomes increasingly global, firms in the emerging economies can take advantage of their increasing access to technological know-how that was previously developed by and for the developed world.","PeriodicalId":35474,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Technology and Globalisation","volume":"5 1","pages":"281"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1504/IJTG.2011.039768","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66777035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-04-19DOI: 10.1504/IJTG.2011.039767
Xielin Liu, Hong-Cai Dai, P. Cheng
This paper examines the drivers of environmental innovation and their respective effects on company competitiveness based on 37 interviews of 18 Chinese firms. The sample innovations are mainly integrated environmental innovations represented by clean process innovations and green product innovations plus a few end-of-pipe technologies. Our study found that environmental innovation is driven by a mixture of factors of environmental regulation, cost pressure, competitive advantages and customer pressure. That would yield proof for the so-called Porter Hypothesis, which assumes that environmental regulation stimulates innovation and leads to 'win-win' opportunities where simultaneously pollution is reduced and competitiveness increased.
{"title":"Drivers of integrated environmental innovation and impact on company competitiveness: evidence from 18 Chinese firms","authors":"Xielin Liu, Hong-Cai Dai, P. Cheng","doi":"10.1504/IJTG.2011.039767","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJTG.2011.039767","url":null,"abstract":"This paper examines the drivers of environmental innovation and their respective effects on company competitiveness based on 37 interviews of 18 Chinese firms. The sample innovations are mainly integrated environmental innovations represented by clean process innovations and green product innovations plus a few end-of-pipe technologies. Our study found that environmental innovation is driven by a mixture of factors of environmental regulation, cost pressure, competitive advantages and customer pressure. That would yield proof for the so-called Porter Hypothesis, which assumes that environmental regulation stimulates innovation and leads to 'win-win' opportunities where simultaneously pollution is reduced and competitiveness increased.","PeriodicalId":35474,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Technology and Globalisation","volume":"5 1","pages":"255"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1504/IJTG.2011.039767","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66777020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-04-19DOI: 10.1504/IJTG.2011.039771
Taynah Lopes de Souza, L. Hasenclever
This paper presents the results of a case study on the importance of the standardisation process for the Brazilian system of innovation for bioethanol. It shows evidence of the strategic role played by the state in helping industry to enjoy the opportunities opened during a paradigmatic change, through sound investments on R&D and innovation. More recently, the standardisation process has been gaining increased attention, in face of the strategy of transforming the product into an international commodity. The main contribution of this paper is then the provision of a broader understanding of the importance of standardisation in this process and its relation to national systems of innovation.
{"title":"The Brazilian system of innovation for bioethanol: a case study on the strategic role of the standardisation process","authors":"Taynah Lopes de Souza, L. Hasenclever","doi":"10.1504/IJTG.2011.039771","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJTG.2011.039771","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the results of a case study on the importance of the standardisation process for the Brazilian system of innovation for bioethanol. It shows evidence of the strategic role played by the state in helping industry to enjoy the opportunities opened during a paradigmatic change, through sound investments on R&D and innovation. More recently, the standardisation process has been gaining increased attention, in face of the strategy of transforming the product into an international commodity. The main contribution of this paper is then the provision of a broader understanding of the importance of standardisation in this process and its relation to national systems of innovation.","PeriodicalId":35474,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Technology and Globalisation","volume":"5 1","pages":"341-356"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1504/IJTG.2011.039771","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66777146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-04-19DOI: 10.1504/IJTG.2011.039763
J. Watson, Raphael Sauter
Environmental leapfrogging' assumes that developing countries might be able to skip some of the dirty stages of development experienced by industrialised countries. Environmental leapfrogging could, therefore, contribute to development and environmental goals including climate mitigation objectives. This paper examines the prospects for environmental leapfrogging by reviewing the literature on technology leapfrogging and a set of four case studies. It shows that leapfrogging is possible, but that the key factors for success are different in each case. It is, therefore, not possible to generalise to a large degree. Trial-and-error learning needs to be accepted as part of leapfrogging strategies.
{"title":"Sustainable innovation through leapfrogging: a review of the evidence","authors":"J. Watson, Raphael Sauter","doi":"10.1504/IJTG.2011.039763","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJTG.2011.039763","url":null,"abstract":"Environmental leapfrogging' assumes that developing countries might be able to skip some of the dirty stages of development experienced by industrialised countries. Environmental leapfrogging could, therefore, contribute to development and environmental goals including climate mitigation objectives. This paper examines the prospects for environmental leapfrogging by reviewing the literature on technology leapfrogging and a set of four case studies. It shows that leapfrogging is possible, but that the key factors for success are different in each case. It is, therefore, not possible to generalise to a large degree. Trial-and-error learning needs to be accepted as part of leapfrogging strategies.","PeriodicalId":35474,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Technology and Globalisation","volume":"5 1","pages":"170"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1504/IJTG.2011.039763","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66776926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-04-19DOI: 10.1504/IJTG.2011.039765
R. Walz, F. Marscheider-Weidemann
Technological competences in the sustainability fields are a key indicator for the absorptive capacity of sustainability technologies and for the ability to export them. International publications, transnational patents and successes in foreign trade indicate to what extent a country is already able to participate in global technology markets. The analysed NICs can be grouped into four country clusters with different levels of absorptive capacities for green technologies. The resulting pattern shows various strengths and weaknesses of the analysed countries. There is a strong need for strategic positioning of the countries and for coordination of the various policy fields involved.
{"title":"Technology-specific absorptive capacities for green technologies in Newly Industrialising Countries","authors":"R. Walz, F. Marscheider-Weidemann","doi":"10.1504/IJTG.2011.039765","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJTG.2011.039765","url":null,"abstract":"Technological competences in the sustainability fields are a key indicator for the absorptive capacity of sustainability technologies and for the ability to export them. International publications, transnational patents and successes in foreign trade indicate to what extent a country is already able to participate in global technology markets. The analysed NICs can be grouped into four country clusters with different levels of absorptive capacities for green technologies. The resulting pattern shows various strengths and weaknesses of the analysed countries. There is a strong need for strategic positioning of the countries and for coordination of the various policy fields involved.","PeriodicalId":35474,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Technology and Globalisation","volume":"5 1","pages":"212-229"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1504/IJTG.2011.039765","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66776964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-04-19DOI: 10.1504/IJTG.2011.039769
Z. Mohamad
In this paper, I have used the systems of innovation approach to investigate the challenges faced by latecomer countries to catch-up in the development of an emerging technology like fuel cells. A comparative study between Malaysia and Singapore reveals that higher development of the fuel cell innovation system can be attributed to three institutional factors: presence of primary actors to align activities; synergy between complementary policies; openness to internationalisation activities. It is argued that such factors are essential for providing a conducive environment to address specific characteristics of the 'emerging phase' of fuel cell technology.
{"title":"The emergence of fuel cell technology and challenges for catching-up by latecomers: Insights from Malaysia and Singapore","authors":"Z. Mohamad","doi":"10.1504/IJTG.2011.039769","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJTG.2011.039769","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, I have used the systems of innovation approach to investigate the challenges faced by latecomer countries to catch-up in the development of an emerging technology like fuel cells. A comparative study between Malaysia and Singapore reveals that higher development of the fuel cell innovation system can be attributed to three institutional factors: presence of primary actors to align activities; synergy between complementary policies; openness to internationalisation activities. It is argued that such factors are essential for providing a conducive environment to address specific characteristics of the 'emerging phase' of fuel cell technology.","PeriodicalId":35474,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Technology and Globalisation","volume":"5 1","pages":"306"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1504/IJTG.2011.039769","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66777074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-04-19DOI: 10.1504/IJTG.2011.039770
Eva Dantas
The conceptual and empirical analysis of function dynamics in innovation systems has been mostly concentrated on the experiences of developed countries. Additional research is necessary to examine the formation of technological innovation systems, specially 'new-to-the-world' innovation systems in late industrialising contexts, specifically how the knowledge accumulation function evolves. This paper is concerned with those issues: the formation of a 'new-to-the-world' technological innovation system in a late industrialising context, namely the Brazilian biofuels innovation system. It focuses, in particular, on the evolution of the knowledge accumulation function in the formation of such innovation system from 1975 to the present.
{"title":"The Evolution of the Knowledge Accumulation Function in the Formation of the Brazilian Biofuels Innovation System","authors":"Eva Dantas","doi":"10.1504/IJTG.2011.039770","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJTG.2011.039770","url":null,"abstract":"The conceptual and empirical analysis of function dynamics in innovation systems has been mostly concentrated on the experiences of developed countries. Additional research is necessary to examine the formation of technological innovation systems, specially 'new-to-the-world' innovation systems in late industrialising contexts, specifically how the knowledge accumulation function evolves. This paper is concerned with those issues: the formation of a 'new-to-the-world' technological innovation system in a late industrialising context, namely the Brazilian biofuels innovation system. It focuses, in particular, on the evolution of the knowledge accumulation function in the formation of such innovation system from 1975 to the present.","PeriodicalId":35474,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Technology and Globalisation","volume":"5 1","pages":"327-340"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1504/IJTG.2011.039770","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66777093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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