Pub Date : 2008-01-14DOI: 10.1504/IJTG.2008.016189
Ling Liu, Ying Tian
The rapid increase of China's outward direct investment has drawn considerable attention, especially Chinese enterprises engaging in M&A activities in developed markets. This has presented a big challenge to conventional theory of internationalisation, which tends to assume that firms internationalise to exploit competitive advantages and prefer to invest in near 'psychic distance' markets. This paper examines the patterns of and the motives for Chinese enterprises investing in the UK. The survey indicates that in their infancy as foreign investors, Chinese firms are investing in the targeted country in order to promote export and acquire competitive advantages and they are setting up wholly owned subsidiaries as the main entry mode in the UK.
{"title":"The internationalisation of Chinese enterprises: the analysis of the UK case","authors":"Ling Liu, Ying Tian","doi":"10.1504/IJTG.2008.016189","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJTG.2008.016189","url":null,"abstract":"The rapid increase of China's outward direct investment has drawn considerable attention, especially Chinese enterprises engaging in M&A activities in developed markets. This has presented a big challenge to conventional theory of internationalisation, which tends to assume that firms internationalise to exploit competitive advantages and prefer to invest in near 'psychic distance' markets. This paper examines the patterns of and the motives for Chinese enterprises investing in the UK. The survey indicates that in their infancy as foreign investors, Chinese firms are investing in the targeted country in order to promote export and acquire competitive advantages and they are setting up wholly owned subsidiaries as the main entry mode in the UK.","PeriodicalId":35474,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Technology and Globalisation","volume":"4 1","pages":"87-102"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1504/IJTG.2008.016189","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66776652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-10-18DOI: 10.1504/IJTG.2007.015457
Jiang Yu
The traditional image of China as an imitation-oriented producer of low-cost products remains, but its increasing advancements in some high-tech sectors are trying to change this image. Some leading domestic firms are adopting the different technological trajectories from those of the forerunning global firms. With less predictability of technological performance and high market uncertainties, a path-creating catching-up under the emerging contexts is more likely to happen by the evolving inter-firm collaboration under the continuous institutional support. In this paper, an in-depth case of developing new generation mobile system in China is studied to explore such a paradigm shift.
{"title":"From path-following to path-creating, some paradigm shifts in China's catching-up","authors":"Jiang Yu","doi":"10.1504/IJTG.2007.015457","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJTG.2007.015457","url":null,"abstract":"The traditional image of China as an imitation-oriented producer of low-cost products remains, but its increasing advancements in some high-tech sectors are trying to change this image. Some leading domestic firms are adopting the different technological trajectories from those of the forerunning global firms. With less predictability of technological performance and high market uncertainties, a path-creating catching-up under the emerging contexts is more likely to happen by the evolving inter-firm collaboration under the continuous institutional support. In this paper, an in-depth case of developing new generation mobile system in China is studied to explore such a paradigm shift.","PeriodicalId":35474,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Technology and Globalisation","volume":"3 1","pages":"409"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1504/IJTG.2007.015457","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66776502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-10-18DOI: 10.1504/IJTG.2007.015455
Xudong Gao, Jianxin Liu, K. Chai, Jizhen Li
In this paper, we examine the fundamental difficulties faced, and specific strategies adopted, by small and medium-sized latecomers, in developing new technologies. We argue that it is necessary for these firms to overcome two types of latecomer disadvantages; that is, resource disadvantage and reputation disadvantage. We developed four propositions to deal with these disadvantages, and analysed two latecomers to illustrate the propositions. We find that developing effective strategies to gain support from non-customer stakeholders is of critical importance and the strategy of sticking to the development of the most advanced technology is effective in gaining support from these stakeholders.
{"title":"Overcoming 'latecomer disadvantages' in small and medium-sized firms: evidence from China","authors":"Xudong Gao, Jianxin Liu, K. Chai, Jizhen Li","doi":"10.1504/IJTG.2007.015455","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJTG.2007.015455","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we examine the fundamental difficulties faced, and specific strategies adopted, by small and medium-sized latecomers, in developing new technologies. We argue that it is necessary for these firms to overcome two types of latecomer disadvantages; that is, resource disadvantage and reputation disadvantage. We developed four propositions to deal with these disadvantages, and analysed two latecomers to illustrate the propositions. We find that developing effective strategies to gain support from non-customer stakeholders is of critical importance and the strategy of sticking to the development of the most advanced technology is effective in gaining support from these stakeholders.","PeriodicalId":35474,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Technology and Globalisation","volume":"91 1","pages":"364"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1504/IJTG.2007.015455","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66776455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-10-18DOI: 10.1504/IJTG.2007.015454
P. Fan, Xudong Gao, Kazuo N. Watanabe
We conclude three main findings on technology strategies of innovative Chinese domestic companies. First, both internal and external factors have affected their decision of focusing on internal development to build up their innovation capability. The internal factors include resource limitation and belief in self-developed technologies for industrial leadership. The external factors refer to unavailability or high-cost of technology transfer at the international market. Second, the R&D locations of innovative domestic companies have been strategically concentrated in the triangle of Beijing-Shanghai-Shenzhen. Third, innovative domestic companies have transformed their better understanding of home market demand into pressure and motivation for innovation.
{"title":"Technology strategies of innovative Chinese domestic companies","authors":"P. Fan, Xudong Gao, Kazuo N. Watanabe","doi":"10.1504/IJTG.2007.015454","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJTG.2007.015454","url":null,"abstract":"We conclude three main findings on technology strategies of innovative Chinese domestic companies. First, both internal and external factors have affected their decision of focusing on internal development to build up their innovation capability. The internal factors include resource limitation and belief in self-developed technologies for industrial leadership. The external factors refer to unavailability or high-cost of technology transfer at the international market. Second, the R&D locations of innovative domestic companies have been strategically concentrated in the triangle of Beijing-Shanghai-Shenzhen. Third, innovative domestic companies have transformed their better understanding of home market demand into pressure and motivation for innovation.","PeriodicalId":35474,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Technology and Globalisation","volume":"3 1","pages":"344-363"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1504/IJTG.2007.015454","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66776416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-10-18DOI: 10.1504/IJTG.2007.015456
Daniel Degravel
How could the players involved in international technology transfer operations benefit from the utilisation and management of the so-called "Boomerang Effect" (BE) of international technology transfer? This BE, initially identified only on the supplier's side, appears to be a very valuable managerial and strategic tool that may provide all the players involved in the technology transfer system with very positive outcomes. In the specific Chinese context, this concept can be used as a strategic and operational tool to enhance China's technological catching-up.
{"title":"China and technology transfer: the 'Boomerang Effect' as a strategic tool","authors":"Daniel Degravel","doi":"10.1504/IJTG.2007.015456","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJTG.2007.015456","url":null,"abstract":"How could the players involved in international technology transfer operations benefit from the utilisation and management of the so-called \"Boomerang Effect\" (BE) of international technology transfer? This BE, initially identified only on the supplier's side, appears to be a very valuable managerial and strategic tool that may provide all the players involved in the technology transfer system with very positive outcomes. In the specific Chinese context, this concept can be used as a strategic and operational tool to enhance China's technological catching-up.","PeriodicalId":35474,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Technology and Globalisation","volume":"3 1","pages":"384"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1504/IJTG.2007.015456","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66776468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-10-18DOI: 10.1504/IJTG.2007.015458
Qun Wang, Huan Wang, Mingfang Li
With globalisation and technology development, industrial standards are becoming an important strategic weapon. Multinational enterprises derive significant benefits from their active role in standard formation, while domestic firms may be placed in a less advantageous position. We examine strategic choices Chinese firms would make in utilising industrial standard based competition by analysing the standard formation process in mobile communications and high-definition videodisc players in China at, respectively, firm and industry levels. We focus on indigenous RD and integrate governmental policies and Chinese culture as major forces shaping holistic domestic firm competitive advantage.
{"title":"Industrial standard based competition and Chinese firm strategic choices","authors":"Qun Wang, Huan Wang, Mingfang Li","doi":"10.1504/IJTG.2007.015458","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJTG.2007.015458","url":null,"abstract":"With globalisation and technology development, industrial standards are becoming an important strategic weapon. Multinational enterprises derive significant benefits from their active role in standard formation, while domestic firms may be placed in a less advantageous position. We examine strategic choices Chinese firms would make in utilising industrial standard based competition by analysing the standard formation process in mobile communications and high-definition videodisc players in China at, respectively, firm and industry levels. We focus on indigenous RD and integrate governmental policies and Chinese culture as major forces shaping holistic domestic firm competitive advantage.","PeriodicalId":35474,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Technology and Globalisation","volume":"3 1","pages":"422"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1504/IJTG.2007.015458","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66776515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-07-03DOI: 10.1504/IJTG.2007.014330
E. Giuliani
The wine industry has changed considerably in the past 20 years. While new market opportunities increased the trade of wine worldwide, scientific and technical changes have produced an improvement in the quality of wine. Increased codification of knowledge has allowed the newly producing countries to compete in the international markets and to close the technological gap with more advanced traditional producers. This paper shows that in spite of the techno-scientific change in this industry, tacit knowledge persists being important but of a different nature with respect to that normally used by old farmers in the production of wine. Policy implications are noted.
{"title":"The wine industry: persistence of tacit knowledge or increased codification? Some implications for catching-up countries","authors":"E. Giuliani","doi":"10.1504/IJTG.2007.014330","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJTG.2007.014330","url":null,"abstract":"The wine industry has changed considerably in the past 20 years. While new market opportunities increased the trade of wine worldwide, scientific and technical changes have produced an improvement in the quality of wine. Increased codification of knowledge has allowed the newly producing countries to compete in the international markets and to close the technological gap with more advanced traditional producers. This paper shows that in spite of the techno-scientific change in this industry, tacit knowledge persists being important but of a different nature with respect to that normally used by old farmers in the production of wine. Policy implications are noted.","PeriodicalId":35474,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Technology and Globalisation","volume":"11 1","pages":"138-154"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1504/IJTG.2007.014330","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66776077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-07-03DOI: 10.1504/IJTG.2007.014336
A. Bertoncelj, Mateja Dermastia, D. Kesic
Research of the strategic aspects of the generic pharmaceutical industry in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) suggests that generic pharmaceutical companies have neglected technological innovation capability, market orientation and performance and have underestimated the process of globalisation. This has resulted in deteriorated performance and lost competitiveness. A recommended approach to improve the situation is competence-based development cooperation in the form of horizontal networks of regional technological hubs, within the capabilities and limitations of each country. However, this approach departs from traditional production and R&D capacity building and is beyond the current political and economic considerations of individual companies and governments.
{"title":"Knowledge-based industry after market liberalisation: the case of the local pharmaceutical industry in Central and Eastern Europe","authors":"A. Bertoncelj, Mateja Dermastia, D. Kesic","doi":"10.1504/IJTG.2007.014336","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJTG.2007.014336","url":null,"abstract":"Research of the strategic aspects of the generic pharmaceutical industry in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) suggests that generic pharmaceutical companies have neglected technological innovation capability, market orientation and performance and have underestimated the process of globalisation. This has resulted in deteriorated performance and lost competitiveness. A recommended approach to improve the situation is competence-based development cooperation in the form of horizontal networks of regional technological hubs, within the capabilities and limitations of each country. However, this approach departs from traditional production and R&D capacity building and is beyond the current political and economic considerations of individual companies and governments.","PeriodicalId":35474,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Technology and Globalisation","volume":"3 1","pages":"263"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1504/IJTG.2007.014336","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66776339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-07-03DOI: 10.1504/IJTG.2007.014334
Keith Smith, I. Marsh
The technological upgrading of existing industries is a key source of growth. An example is the Australian wine sector, which has exhibited sustained growth in its firms, output and trade. Growth rests on two technological advances mechanisation of pruning and harvesting, and new grape varieties. Upgrading required a shared strategic vision, a significant support infrastructure of research institutions, new tertiary educational institutions, a network of consultants and suppliers, and a knowledge-promoting tax regime. However the industry failed to build global marketing and distribution, and the creation of a successful innovation system has not been matched by domestic corporate success.
{"title":"Wine and economic development: technological and corporate change in the Australian wine industry","authors":"Keith Smith, I. Marsh","doi":"10.1504/IJTG.2007.014334","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJTG.2007.014334","url":null,"abstract":"The technological upgrading of existing industries is a key source of growth. An example is the Australian wine sector, which has exhibited sustained growth in its firms, output and trade. Growth rests on two technological advances mechanisation of pruning and harvesting, and new grape varieties. Upgrading required a shared strategic vision, a significant support infrastructure of research institutions, new tertiary educational institutions, a network of consultants and suppliers, and a knowledge-promoting tax regime. However the industry failed to build global marketing and distribution, and the creation of a successful innovation system has not been matched by domestic corporate success.","PeriodicalId":35474,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Technology and Globalisation","volume":"3 1","pages":"224-245"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1504/IJTG.2007.014334","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66776284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-07-03DOI: 10.1504/IJTG.2007.014337
Jacylyn Y. J. Shi
The paper reveals that contrary to its significant contribution to China's economic development, FDI has in the past played a limited role in transferring technology and contributing to local technology capacity building. It analyses the problems and challenges for China to benefit from FDI for its technology capacity building and the possible policy strategies that China could apply. It points out new opportunities to change this situation given the soaring interest from Multi-National Corporations (MNCs) in relocating R&D centres to China and the country's new strategy as IT outsourcing destination under the changing international trade patterns. In conclusion, it provides three alternative S&T strategies related to the use of FDI and the policy implications of the proposed strategy.
{"title":"New face of globalisation, Foreign Direct Investment and technology capacity building in China","authors":"Jacylyn Y. J. Shi","doi":"10.1504/IJTG.2007.014337","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJTG.2007.014337","url":null,"abstract":"The paper reveals that contrary to its significant contribution to China's economic development, FDI has in the past played a limited role in transferring technology and contributing to local technology capacity building. It analyses the problems and challenges for China to benefit from FDI for its technology capacity building and the possible policy strategies that China could apply. It points out new opportunities to change this situation given the soaring interest from Multi-National Corporations (MNCs) in relocating R&D centres to China and the country's new strategy as IT outsourcing destination under the changing international trade patterns. In conclusion, it provides three alternative S&T strategies related to the use of FDI and the policy implications of the proposed strategy.","PeriodicalId":35474,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Technology and Globalisation","volume":"3 1","pages":"278"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1504/IJTG.2007.014337","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66776355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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