Pub Date : 2013-02-11DOI: 10.1504/IJTG.2013.052032
J. Niosi, J. Zhao
Since the foundation of the People's Republic in 1949, China (PRC) has made strong efforts to build an independent aircraft industry, both civilian and military. During the first decade of its existence, the PRC received technology from the Soviet Union, while it started to build its domestic public institutions for research and teaching. After the Sino-Russian split in 1966, the flow of Soviet technology ebbed. Since 1972, the PRC started progressively to tap Western sources of technology, and is now close to launch its own commercial aircraft industry with a view to global markets. The paper analyses the strategies of the Chinese government for domestic institution building and international technology transfer, and how Western companies and governments helped China to nurture its future competitors.
{"title":"China’s catching up in aerospace","authors":"J. Niosi, J. Zhao","doi":"10.1504/IJTG.2013.052032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJTG.2013.052032","url":null,"abstract":"Since the foundation of the People's Republic in 1949, China (PRC) has made strong efforts to build an independent aircraft industry, both civilian and military. During the first decade of its existence, the PRC received technology from the Soviet Union, while it started to build its domestic public institutions for research and teaching. After the Sino-Russian split in 1966, the flow of Soviet technology ebbed. Since 1972, the PRC started progressively to tap Western sources of technology, and is now close to launch its own commercial aircraft industry with a view to global markets. The paper analyses the strategies of the Chinese government for domestic institution building and international technology transfer, and how Western companies and governments helped China to nurture its future competitors.","PeriodicalId":35474,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Technology and Globalisation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1504/IJTG.2013.052032","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66777338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-02-11DOI: 10.1504/IJTG.2013.052033
S. Mani
India is one among the few developing countries that have sought to establish an aerospace industry. The industry has two components, namely aeronautical and astronautical. Historically speaking, India has focused much more on the astronautical part of the industry. However, in the present paper, the emphasis is on understanding the aeronautical part of the aerospace industry. We first map out the sectoral system of innovation of this industry, which is actually located as a cluster in the south Indian city of Bangalore. The paper identifies the three building blocks of the sectoral system: lead actors, knowledge or technology domain, and the demand. Changes in each of these blocks over time are discussed. The study concluded with a comparison of the performance of the sector in terms of exports and competitiveness and also delves on the policy instruments that are required for placing the industry on a sure flight path.
{"title":"Evolution of the sectoral system of innovation of India’s aeronautical industry","authors":"S. Mani","doi":"10.1504/IJTG.2013.052033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJTG.2013.052033","url":null,"abstract":"India is one among the few developing countries that have sought to establish an aerospace industry. The industry has two components, namely aeronautical and astronautical. Historically speaking, India has focused much more on the astronautical part of the industry. However, in the present paper, the emphasis is on understanding the aeronautical part of the aerospace industry. We first map out the sectoral system of innovation of this industry, which is actually located as a cluster in the south Indian city of Bangalore. The paper identifies the three building blocks of the sectoral system: lead actors, knowledge or technology domain, and the demand. Changes in each of these blocks over time are discussed. The study concluded with a comparison of the performance of the sector in terms of exports and competitiveness and also delves on the policy instruments that are required for placing the industry on a sure flight path.","PeriodicalId":35474,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Technology and Globalisation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1504/IJTG.2013.052033","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66777346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-02-11DOI: 10.1504/IJTG.2013.052031
I. Boyko
The evolution of the Russian development model adopted by the aviation industry is described in the article, with emphasis on the advanced level of basic research and poor performance of civil aircraft manufacturing. Critical analyses of the Russian ‘administrative guidance’ for the industry, based predominantly on substantial government financial subsistence, is introduced in the article as a policy shortage, requiring more sophisticated strategy to be elaborated and implemented by the federal government. Without explicit industrial policy, the country’s aircraft industry has been shifting from forging ahead to falling behind. Abandoning the military-oriented strategy for the development of the aircraft industry, previously pursued by the USSR, has no explicit strategic goals for the development of its civil aviation industry.
{"title":"Russian aircraft industry: between forging ahead and falling behind","authors":"I. Boyko","doi":"10.1504/IJTG.2013.052031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJTG.2013.052031","url":null,"abstract":"The evolution of the Russian development model adopted by the aviation industry is described in the article, with emphasis on the advanced level of basic research and poor performance of civil aircraft manufacturing. Critical analyses of the Russian ‘administrative guidance’ for the industry, based predominantly on substantial government financial subsistence, is introduced in the article as a policy shortage, requiring more sophisticated strategy to be elaborated and implemented by the federal government. Without explicit industrial policy, the country’s aircraft industry has been shifting from forging ahead to falling behind. Abandoning the military-oriented strategy for the development of the aircraft industry, previously pursued by the USSR, has no explicit strategic goals for the development of its civil aviation industry.","PeriodicalId":35474,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Technology and Globalisation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1504/IJTG.2013.052031","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66777294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-02-11DOI: 10.1504/IJTG.2013.052027
D. Vértesy
This paper investigates the emergence and growth of Singapore’s aerospace manufacturing industry. Singapore is unique among latecomers in the sector, because of the continuous growth it achieved by establishing world-class component manufacturing and maintenance, repair and overhaul facilities. We use a sectoral innovation system dynamics framework to analyse the evolution of institutions and technological capabilities in the sector. Empirical evidence on innovative and productive activities shows that a strategic choice of openness, in addition to the strong linkages between companies and between industry and government facilitated the emergence of a sectoral innovation system early on. We also find that the initial choice of specialisation and the close embeddedness of the sectoral innovation system in the national innovation system allowed Singapore to flexibly respond to global and regional crises in the sector and sustain growth.
{"title":"The lion with wings: innovation system dynamics in the aerospace industry of Singapore","authors":"D. Vértesy","doi":"10.1504/IJTG.2013.052027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJTG.2013.052027","url":null,"abstract":"This paper investigates the emergence and growth of Singapore’s aerospace manufacturing industry. Singapore is unique among latecomers in the sector, because of the continuous growth it achieved by establishing world-class component manufacturing and maintenance, repair and overhaul facilities. We use a sectoral innovation system dynamics framework to analyse the evolution of institutions and technological capabilities in the sector. Empirical evidence on innovative and productive activities shows that a strategic choice of openness, in addition to the strong linkages between companies and between industry and government facilitated the emergence of a sectoral innovation system early on. We also find that the initial choice of specialisation and the close embeddedness of the sectoral innovation system in the national innovation system allowed Singapore to flexibly respond to global and regional crises in the sector and sustain growth.","PeriodicalId":35474,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Technology and Globalisation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1504/IJTG.2013.052027","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66777701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-01-01DOI: 10.1504/IJTG.2013.052034
J. Romero
{"title":"Towards an aerospace system of production in Mexico","authors":"J. Romero","doi":"10.1504/IJTG.2013.052034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJTG.2013.052034","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":35474,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Technology and Globalisation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1504/IJTG.2013.052034","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66777359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-12-12DOI: 10.1504/IJTG.2012.050959
Juliane Brach, J. Vang
Asian countries are currently undergoing significant changes with respect to their role in and interaction with the international economy. Despite their heterogeneity, Asian countries share the common aim to upgrade capacities, skills and capabilities. This paper aims at unpacking the challenges and consequences of Asian countries’ four decades of internationalisation. Special attention is granted to the current redesign of the interface with focus on the upgrading towards becoming knowledge and technology intensive nations; nations that are also exporters of FDI.
{"title":"Asia’s new challenges: redesigning the interface with the international economy","authors":"Juliane Brach, J. Vang","doi":"10.1504/IJTG.2012.050959","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJTG.2012.050959","url":null,"abstract":"Asian countries are currently undergoing significant changes with respect to their role in and interaction with the international economy. Despite their heterogeneity, Asian countries share the common aim to upgrade capacities, skills and capabilities. This paper aims at unpacking the challenges and consequences of Asian countries’ four decades of internationalisation. Special attention is granted to the current redesign of the interface with focus on the upgrading towards becoming knowledge and technology intensive nations; nations that are also exporters of FDI.","PeriodicalId":35474,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Technology and Globalisation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1504/IJTG.2012.050959","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66777574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-12-12DOI: 10.1504/IJTG.2012.050963
Claudia Klaerding
This paper analyses how cultural perceptions of Chinese return migrants affect the design of interfirm practices with native business partners in China’s knowledge intensive industries. Theories related to interfirm networking such as the innovation system approach ascribe culture to spatial/territorial scales, particularly the national. By taking the perspectives of Chinese returnees in top management positions the paper challenges the apparent national cultures and spatially defined cultural boundaries. The factors that underlie the perceived cultural stereotype of Chinese business routines show neither such clear spatiality nor predominantly national characteristics. Cultural effects on economic organisation are hence argued to be better understood from a relational perspective.
{"title":"Intercultural management practices of Chinese returnees in Shanghai in knowledge intensive industries","authors":"Claudia Klaerding","doi":"10.1504/IJTG.2012.050963","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJTG.2012.050963","url":null,"abstract":"This paper analyses how cultural perceptions of Chinese return migrants affect the design of interfirm practices with native business partners in China’s knowledge intensive industries. Theories related to interfirm networking such as the innovation system approach ascribe culture to spatial/territorial scales, particularly the national. By taking the perspectives of Chinese returnees in top management positions the paper challenges the apparent national cultures and spatially defined cultural boundaries. The factors that underlie the perceived cultural stereotype of Chinese business routines show neither such clear spatiality nor predominantly national characteristics. Cultural effects on economic organisation are hence argued to be better understood from a relational perspective.","PeriodicalId":35474,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Technology and Globalisation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1504/IJTG.2012.050963","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66777682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-12-12DOI: 10.1504/IJTG.2012.050964
P. Kragelund, Godfrey Hampwaye
Processes of globalisation are currently changing the global activity of multinational companies (MNCs). ‘Emerging’ MNCs are competing with ‘conventional’ MNCs when investing in new markets. This article sets out to analyse the motives and strategies of Chinese and Indian MNCs investing in Zambia. It argues that despite the different home-country contexts of these investments, emerging MNCs depict differences as well as similarities. Moreover, the article maintains that existing theories explaining international production provide a suitable framework to understand ‘emerging’ patterns, but that more emphasis must be placed on the home and host contexts and how institutional features impact investment decisions.
{"title":"Seeking markets and resources: state-driven Chinese and Indian investments in Zambia","authors":"P. Kragelund, Godfrey Hampwaye","doi":"10.1504/IJTG.2012.050964","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJTG.2012.050964","url":null,"abstract":"Processes of globalisation are currently changing the global activity of multinational companies (MNCs). ‘Emerging’ MNCs are competing with ‘conventional’ MNCs when investing in new markets. This article sets out to analyse the motives and strategies of Chinese and Indian MNCs investing in Zambia. It argues that despite the different home-country contexts of these investments, emerging MNCs depict differences as well as similarities. Moreover, the article maintains that existing theories explaining international production provide a suitable framework to understand ‘emerging’ patterns, but that more emphasis must be placed on the home and host contexts and how institutional features impact investment decisions.","PeriodicalId":35474,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Technology and Globalisation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1504/IJTG.2012.050964","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66777692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-12-12DOI: 10.1504/IJTG.2012.050962
P. Ström, M. Ernkvist
Companies from Korea have become leading actors in the rapidly growing global online game market, being a knowledge and creativity intensive industry. The development of the industry raises a number of questions of the internationalisation process of companies in the intersection of creative- and technology-intensive industries. Co-evolution with user groups also requires interpretation and linkages to knowledge of local user preferences, creating additional challenges in the internationalisation strategy, through the product-service interaction. This paper explores the internationalisation efforts of the Korean online game industry through a case study of the country’s leading online game company.
{"title":"Internationalisation of the Korean online game industry: exemplified through the case of NCsoft","authors":"P. Ström, M. Ernkvist","doi":"10.1504/IJTG.2012.050962","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJTG.2012.050962","url":null,"abstract":"Companies from Korea have become leading actors in the rapidly growing global online game market, being a knowledge and creativity intensive industry. The development of the industry raises a number of questions of the internationalisation process of companies in the intersection of creative- and technology-intensive industries. Co-evolution with user groups also requires interpretation and linkages to knowledge of local user preferences, creating additional challenges in the internationalisation strategy, through the product-service interaction. This paper explores the internationalisation efforts of the Korean online game industry through a case study of the country’s leading online game company.","PeriodicalId":35474,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Technology and Globalisation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1504/IJTG.2012.050962","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66777642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-12-12DOI: 10.1504/IJTG.2012.050960
Yun-chung Chen, J. Vang, Cristina Chaminade
The global location of RD especially when it comes to establishing R&D labs in developing countries. The existing and rather limited literature on globalisation of innovation provides four possible explanations of why multinationals locate R&D labs in developing countries: reduce research costs, access large markets, tap into a large pool of qualified human resources or benefit from knowledge spillovers available in the local/regional system of innovation. The empirical research presented in this paper reveals that none of these arguments can fully explain the increasing location of R&D labs in China. The in-depth study of MNCs R&D labs in Beijing and Shanghai, China, reveals that specific aspects of market, technological and political uncertainty provide a more adequate explanation to the increasing presence of R&D labs from MNCs in developing countries such as China and thus calls for an integration in the regional innovation systems framework.
{"title":"Globalisation of innovation in knowledge intensive industries: lessons from the new China","authors":"Yun-chung Chen, J. Vang, Cristina Chaminade","doi":"10.1504/IJTG.2012.050960","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJTG.2012.050960","url":null,"abstract":"The global location of RD especially when it comes to establishing R&D labs in developing countries. The existing and rather limited literature on globalisation of innovation provides four possible explanations of why multinationals locate R&D labs in developing countries: reduce research costs, access large markets, tap into a large pool of qualified human resources or benefit from knowledge spillovers available in the local/regional system of innovation. The empirical research presented in this paper reveals that none of these arguments can fully explain the increasing location of R&D labs in China. The in-depth study of MNCs R&D labs in Beijing and Shanghai, China, reveals that specific aspects of market, technological and political uncertainty provide a more adequate explanation to the increasing presence of R&D labs from MNCs in developing countries such as China and thus calls for an integration in the regional innovation systems framework.","PeriodicalId":35474,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Technology and Globalisation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1504/IJTG.2012.050960","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66777588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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