A field experiment was conducted during 2017–18 at Crop Research Centre (CRC), Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand, to develop post-harvest soil test values (PHSTVs) and response type of fertilizers with the help of fertilizer prescription equations for achieving targeted yield of hybrid maize following STCR principle. In the present study, the response of hybrid maize to selected four levels of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) and three levels of farm yard manure (FYM) at graded fertility levels was studied. Nutrient requirements (NR) of maize were recorded as 22, 5 and 27 kg/tonnes for N, P, and K, respectively. The contribution of NPK nutrients was observed; from fertilizer (%CF) at 58.2, 62.7, and 420.4%, from soil (%CS) at 33.1, 26.8, and 22.7%, from FYM (% C FYM) at 45.2, 14.4 and 39.4% and from fertilizer with FYM (% IPNM) as 62.4, 63.5 and 427.6%, respectively. Integration of N, P, and K fertilizers with FYM (10 t/ha) resulted in fertilizer savings of 31.2%, 18%, and 16% over NPK alone for a target yield of 4500 kg/ha on soil test values of 150, 35 and 200 kg/ha of KMnO4 -N, Olsen-P and NH4 OAc-K, respectively. The fertilizer response type for phosphorus was “+ - - “. The response of hybrid maize to NPK fertilizers was higher when integrated with FYM as compared to NPK alone. The prediction equations for PHSTVs help in predicting soil test values (STVs) which may save the cost of testing.
{"title":"Prediction of post-harvest soil nutrient status through multiple linear regression for targeted yield of hybrid maize","authors":"NIDHI LUTHRA, AJAYA SRIVASTAVA, U.P. SHAHI, VIJAY KANT SINGH, PRADEEP DEY, ANAND SINGH","doi":"10.59797/ija.v68i4.5471","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59797/ija.v68i4.5471","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000A field experiment was conducted during 2017–18 at Crop Research Centre (CRC), Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand, to develop post-harvest soil test values (PHSTVs) and response type of fertilizers with the help of fertilizer prescription equations for achieving targeted yield of hybrid maize following STCR principle. In the present study, the response of hybrid maize to selected four levels of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) and three levels of farm yard manure (FYM) at graded fertility levels was studied. Nutrient requirements (NR) of maize were recorded as 22, 5 and 27 kg/tonnes for N, P, and K, respectively. The contribution of NPK nutrients was observed; from fertilizer (%CF) at 58.2, 62.7, and 420.4%, from soil (%CS) at 33.1, 26.8, and 22.7%, from FYM (% C FYM) at 45.2, 14.4 and 39.4% and from fertilizer with FYM (% IPNM) as 62.4, 63.5 and 427.6%, respectively. Integration of N, P, and K fertilizers with FYM (10 t/ha) resulted in fertilizer savings of 31.2%, 18%, and 16% over NPK alone for a target yield of 4500 kg/ha on soil test values of 150, 35 and 200 kg/ha of KMnO4 -N, Olsen-P and NH4 OAc-K, respectively. The fertilizer response type for phosphorus was “+ - - “. The response of hybrid maize to NPK fertilizers was higher when integrated with FYM as compared to NPK alone. The prediction equations for PHSTVs help in predicting soil test values (STVs) which may save the cost of testing.\u0000","PeriodicalId":35528,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Agronomy","volume":"409 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139848100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A field experiment was conducted during the rainy (kharif) seasons of 2021 and 2022 at the research farm of Acharya Narendra Deva University of Agriculture and Technology, Kumarganj Ayodhya, Uttar Pardesh, to evaluate the effect of graded doses of biochar and fertility levels with and without biofertilizer under partially reclaimed sodic soils on maize (Zea mays L.) performance. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design (RBD) which with 3 replications. Experiment comprised of 8 treatments, viz. T1 , Control; T2 , 100% RDF 100 : 60 : 40 N, P2 O5 and K2 O; T3 , 50% RDF + 2.5 t/ha biochar; T4 , 50% RDF + 2.5 t/ha biochar + ZMB Biofertilizer; T5 , 50% RDF + 2.5 t/ha biochar + ZMB Biofertilizer + Zn; T6 , 100% RDF + 5 t/ha biochar; T7 , 100% RDF + 5 t/ha biochar + ZMB Biofertilizer; T8 , 100% RDF + 5 t/ha biochar + ZMB Biofertilizer + Zn. The study’s comparative analysis revealed the positive effects of applying biochar, optimal fertility levels, and biofertilizers on the yield attributes and grain yield of kharif maize. Notably, treatment T8 showed significant improvements, with a 53% increase in cob length, 34% increase in cob girth, 83% increase in the number of grains per row, 138.4% increase in grain yield, and 134% increase in stover yield compared to the control treatment. These findings demonstrate the successful impact of application of 100% RDF + 5 t/ha biochar + ZMB Biofertilizer + Zn in enhancing various aspects of maize growth and yield, surpassing the outcomes achieved with the control treatment and may be recommended for achieving high-quality maize production in partially reclaimed sodic soils of eastern Uttar Pradesh and comparable agro-ecoregions.
{"title":"Comparative analysis of the growth, yield attributes and grain yield of kharif maize (Zea mays) under varying doses of biochar, fertility levels, and biofertilizer treatments","authors":"SAURABH KUMAR VERMA, SURESH KUMAR, ALOK KUMAR PANDEY","doi":"10.59797/ija.v68i4.5455","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59797/ija.v68i4.5455","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000A field experiment was conducted during the rainy (kharif) seasons of 2021 and 2022 at the research farm of Acharya Narendra Deva University of Agriculture and Technology, Kumarganj Ayodhya, Uttar Pardesh, to evaluate the effect of graded doses of biochar and fertility levels with and without biofertilizer under partially reclaimed sodic soils on maize (Zea mays L.) performance. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design (RBD) which with 3 replications. Experiment comprised of 8 treatments, viz. T1 , Control; T2 , 100% RDF 100 : 60 : 40 N, P2 O5 and K2 O; T3 , 50% RDF + 2.5 t/ha biochar; T4 , 50% RDF + 2.5 t/ha biochar + ZMB Biofertilizer; T5 , 50% RDF + 2.5 t/ha biochar + ZMB Biofertilizer + Zn; T6 , 100% RDF + 5 t/ha biochar; T7 , 100% RDF + 5 t/ha biochar + ZMB Biofertilizer; T8 , 100% RDF + 5 t/ha biochar + ZMB Biofertilizer + Zn. The study’s comparative analysis revealed the positive effects of applying biochar, optimal fertility levels, and biofertilizers on the yield attributes and grain yield of kharif maize. Notably, treatment T8 showed significant improvements, with a 53% increase in cob length, 34% increase in cob girth, 83% increase in the number of grains per row, 138.4% increase in grain yield, and 134% increase in stover yield compared to the control treatment. These findings demonstrate the successful impact of application of 100% RDF + 5 t/ha biochar + ZMB Biofertilizer + Zn in enhancing various aspects of maize growth and yield, surpassing the outcomes achieved with the control treatment and may be recommended for achieving high-quality maize production in partially reclaimed sodic soils of eastern Uttar Pradesh and comparable agro-ecoregions.\u0000","PeriodicalId":35528,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Agronomy","volume":"329 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139848477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A field experiment was conducted during 2017–18, 2018–19 and 2019–20, to study the influence of planting methods on growth and productivity of pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.]. The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design with 8 treatment combinations and replicated thrice. Pooled data indicated that transplanted pigeonpea at 60 cm × 30 cm geometry gave significantly higher pigeonpea seed and stalk yield (2,353 and 6,533 kg/ha respectively), and it was followed by 60 cm × 60 cm spacing (2,072 and 5,852 kg/ha respectively). The above-mentioned treatments also recorded significantly higher total uptake of nitrogen (129.18 and 123.39 kg/ha respectively), phosphorus (36.84 and 32.40 kg/ha respectively) and potassium (62.57 and 57.58 kg/ha respectively), whereas, higher available nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium (246.64, 35.87 and 155.65 kg/ ha respectively) were recorded in 180 cm × 30 cm. Further higher nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content in arecanut leaf (Areca catechu L.) was observed in 60 cm × 60 cm (1.72 %), 120 cm × 30 cm (0.260 and 1.20 %) as compared to other planting geometry in young arecanut garden.
{"title":"Effect of different planting geometry of transplanted pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan) as an intercrop in young arecanut (Areca catechu) garden at Southern Transitional Zone of Karnataka, India","authors":"H.G. SANNATHIMAAPPA, A.H. KUMAR NAIK, Mhanumanthappa","doi":"10.59797/ija.v68i4.5459","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59797/ija.v68i4.5459","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000A field experiment was conducted during 2017–18, 2018–19 and 2019–20, to study the influence of planting methods on growth and productivity of pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.]. The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design with 8 treatment combinations and replicated thrice. Pooled data indicated that transplanted pigeonpea at 60 cm × 30 cm geometry gave significantly higher pigeonpea seed and stalk yield (2,353 and 6,533 kg/ha respectively), and it was followed by 60 cm × 60 cm spacing (2,072 and 5,852 kg/ha respectively). The above-mentioned treatments also recorded significantly higher total uptake of nitrogen (129.18 and 123.39 kg/ha respectively), phosphorus (36.84 and 32.40 kg/ha respectively) and potassium (62.57 and 57.58 kg/ha respectively), whereas, higher available nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium (246.64, 35.87 and 155.65 kg/ ha respectively) were recorded in 180 cm × 30 cm. Further higher nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content in arecanut leaf (Areca catechu L.) was observed in 60 cm × 60 cm (1.72 %), 120 cm × 30 cm (0.260 and 1.20 %) as compared to other planting geometry in young arecanut garden.\u0000","PeriodicalId":35528,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Agronomy","volume":"174 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139849761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
An experiment was conducted during the rainy (kharif) season of 2017 and 2018 at the ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, to evaluate the effect of tillage and nutrient-management options on yield, nutrient uptake, residual soil-fertility status, and enzymatic activities in maize (Zea mays L.). The zero-tillage with crop residue at 3.5 t/ha (ZT + R) and conventional tillage with crop residue at 3.5 t/ha (CT + R) enhanced the grain yield (6.2–17.0%) of maize compared to CT without residue (4.40 t/ha). High cost of cultivation was recorded in CT + R (44.8 × 103 `/ha), while high net returns were found in ZT + R (37.6 × 103 `/ha). In ZT + R, the addition of wheat residue enhanced N, P, and K uptake in grain by 19.41, 12.81 and 13.92%, respectively over CT. Available N (182 kg/ha), available P (13.8 kg/ha), and exchangeable K (318 kg/ha) were found highest with ZT + R. Nutrient expert system (NES) enhanced the grain yield (5.30 t/ha) and net returns (43.0 × 103 `/ha) compared to no application of nutrients (control) (3.35 t/ha and 17.9 × 103 `/ha) and recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF) (4.70 t/ha and 34.8 × 103 `/ha). Higher activity of dehydrogenase (DHA) (25.9 TPF μg/g/h) and microbial biomass C (130 μg/g) were found with NES. An increase of 57.96–58.4% in N uptake was found with NES over RDF (80.0 kg/ha). The nutrient expert system (NES) and 125% of RDF left higher amount of residual N, P and K in soil than the control. Overall, nutrient expert system under zero-tillage with crop residue at 3.5 t/ha can increase the productivity and profitability in maize.
{"title":"Assessment of precise nutrient management through nutrient expert on productivity and profitability of zero-till maize","authors":"SEEMA SEPAT, BHAGYSHREE PHOGAT, R.S. BANA, DINESH KUMAR, S.L. MEENA","doi":"10.59797/ija.v68i4.5458","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59797/ija.v68i4.5458","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000An experiment was conducted during the rainy (kharif) season of 2017 and 2018 at the ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, to evaluate the effect of tillage and nutrient-management options on yield, nutrient uptake, residual soil-fertility status, and enzymatic activities in maize (Zea mays L.). The zero-tillage with crop residue at 3.5 t/ha (ZT + R) and conventional tillage with crop residue at 3.5 t/ha (CT + R) enhanced the grain yield (6.2–17.0%) of maize compared to CT without residue (4.40 t/ha). High cost of cultivation was recorded in CT + R (44.8 × 103 `/ha), while high net returns were found in ZT + R (37.6 × 103 `/ha). In ZT + R, the addition of wheat residue enhanced N, P, and K uptake in grain by 19.41, 12.81 and 13.92%, respectively over CT. Available N (182 kg/ha), available P (13.8 kg/ha), and exchangeable K (318 kg/ha) were found highest with ZT + R. Nutrient expert system (NES) enhanced the grain yield (5.30 t/ha) and net returns (43.0 × 103 `/ha) compared to no application of nutrients (control) (3.35 t/ha and 17.9 × 103 `/ha) and recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF) (4.70 t/ha and 34.8 × 103 `/ha). Higher activity of dehydrogenase (DHA) (25.9 TPF μg/g/h) and microbial biomass C (130 μg/g) were found with NES. An increase of 57.96–58.4% in N uptake was found with NES over RDF (80.0 kg/ha). The nutrient expert system (NES) and 125% of RDF left higher amount of residual N, P and K in soil than the control. Overall, nutrient expert system under zero-tillage with crop residue at 3.5 t/ha can increase the productivity and profitability in maize.\u0000","PeriodicalId":35528,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Agronomy","volume":" 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139789534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
SHIVAM KUMAR, PRATIK SANODIYA, A K JHA, M.P. SAHU, BADAL VERMA
A field investigation was conducted during winter (rabi) season of 2021 at Agricultural Research Farm of Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, to study the efficacy of doses of 2, 4-D sodium salt 80% WP on weeds, productivity and economics of rabi maize (Zea mays L.). Application of 2, 4- D sodium salt 80% WP @ 1,250 g/ha at 25 days after sowing (DAS) resulted in to lesser weed density and weed dry weight of Physalis minima Roem. & Schult, Chenopodium album (L.), Melilotus indicus (L.) and Cichorium intybus (L.) as compared to 2, 4-D sodium salt 80% WP @ 1,000 g/ha and 2, 4-D sodium salt 80% WP @ 750 g/ha at 60 DAS, with higher weed control efficiency (77.3 %) and lesser weed index (34.9 %). At 60 DAS, 2, 4-D sodium salt 80% WP (applied @1250 g/ha at 25 DAS) produced higher plant height, number of leaves, chlorophyll content, leaf area index and plant dry-matter over other treatments except weed free and two hand weeding at 20 and 40 DAS. Application of 2, 4-D sodium salt 80% WP @ 1,250 g/ha at 25 DAS recorded higher number of cobs, number of kernels, number of kernels/row and seed index as compared to 2, 4-D sodium salt 80% WP @ 1,000 g/ha, and 2, 4-D sodium salt 80% WP @ 750 g/ha. Higher kernel (3.7 t/ha) and stover yield (4.7 t/ha) of maize was recorded due to application of 2, 4-D sodium salt 80% WP @ 1,250 g/ha at 25 DAS with higher harvest index (44.5%) and monetary returns (62.5 × 103 `/ha) as compared to 2, 4-D sodium salt 80% WP @ 1,000 g/ha, and 2, 4-D sodium salt 80% WP @ 750 g/ha.
{"title":"Effect of 2, 4-D sodium salt on weeds, growth and yields in rabi maize (Zea mays L.)","authors":"SHIVAM KUMAR, PRATIK SANODIYA, A K JHA, M.P. SAHU, BADAL VERMA","doi":"10.59797/ija.v68i4.5466","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59797/ija.v68i4.5466","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000A field investigation was conducted during winter (rabi) season of 2021 at Agricultural Research Farm of Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, to study the efficacy of doses of 2, 4-D sodium salt 80% WP on weeds, productivity and economics of rabi maize (Zea mays L.). Application of 2, 4- D sodium salt 80% WP @ 1,250 g/ha at 25 days after sowing (DAS) resulted in to lesser weed density and weed dry weight of Physalis minima Roem. & Schult, Chenopodium album (L.), Melilotus indicus (L.) and Cichorium intybus (L.) as compared to 2, 4-D sodium salt 80% WP @ 1,000 g/ha and 2, 4-D sodium salt 80% WP @ 750 g/ha at 60 DAS, with higher weed control efficiency (77.3 %) and lesser weed index (34.9 %). At 60 DAS, 2, 4-D sodium salt 80% WP (applied @1250 g/ha at 25 DAS) produced higher plant height, number of leaves, chlorophyll content, leaf area index and plant dry-matter over other treatments except weed free and two hand weeding at 20 and 40 DAS. Application of 2, 4-D sodium salt 80% WP @ 1,250 g/ha at 25 DAS recorded higher number of cobs, number of kernels, number of kernels/row and seed index as compared to 2, 4-D sodium salt 80% WP @ 1,000 g/ha, and 2, 4-D sodium salt 80% WP @ 750 g/ha. Higher kernel (3.7 t/ha) and stover yield (4.7 t/ha) of maize was recorded due to application of 2, 4-D sodium salt 80% WP @ 1,250 g/ha at 25 DAS with higher harvest index (44.5%) and monetary returns (62.5 × 103 `/ha) as compared to 2, 4-D sodium salt 80% WP @ 1,000 g/ha, and 2, 4-D sodium salt 80% WP @ 750 g/ha.\u0000","PeriodicalId":35528,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Agronomy","volume":" 15","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139790552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A field experiment was conducted during (kharif) summer season of 2019 and 2020 at Crop Research Centre, Sardar Vallabh Bhai Patel University of Agriculture and Technology, Modipuram, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh to study the effect of integrated use of chemical nitrogen fertilizer and green manure on performance of rice (Oryza sativa L.). The experiment consists of fourteen treatment combinations of conjoint application of organic and inorganic sources of nutrients was laid-out in randomized block design with three replications. The results showed that the significant highest dry matter accumulation (1,205.90 g/m2 ) at harvest stage, leaf-area index (4.18), crop growth rate (16.34 g/m2 /day), relative growth rate (7.09 mg/g/day), grain yield (3.88 t/ha) and straw yield (6.64 t/ha) recorded in the 25% recommended N through dhaincha incorporated + 75% N through chemical fertilizer was found at par with RDF (120N : 60P : 50K) and 25% recommended N through vermicompost incorporated 10 days before transplanting + 75% N through chemical fertilizer and it was significantly superior over rest of the treatment combinations. The substitution of 25% N through incorporated dhaincha at planting was found most promising in terms of productivity, profitability and performed better than other treatments and may be recommended for farmers of Uttar Pradesh and similar agro-eco regions.
{"title":"Effect of conjoint application schedules of organic and inorganic sources of nutrients on growth, yield and economics of rice","authors":"SHAKTI OM PATHAK, B.P. DHYANI, NIDHI LUTHRA, U.P. SHAHI, GAURAV SHUKLA","doi":"10.59797/ija.v68i4.5453","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59797/ija.v68i4.5453","url":null,"abstract":"A field experiment was conducted during (kharif) summer season of 2019 and 2020 at Crop Research Centre, Sardar Vallabh Bhai Patel University of Agriculture and Technology, Modipuram, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh to study the effect of integrated use of chemical nitrogen fertilizer and green manure on performance of rice (Oryza sativa L.). The experiment consists of fourteen treatment combinations of conjoint application of organic and inorganic sources of nutrients was laid-out in randomized block design with three replications. The results showed that the significant highest dry matter accumulation (1,205.90 g/m2 ) at harvest stage, leaf-area index (4.18), crop growth rate (16.34 g/m2 /day), relative growth rate (7.09 mg/g/day), grain yield (3.88 t/ha) and straw yield (6.64 t/ha) recorded in the 25% recommended N through dhaincha incorporated + 75% N through chemical fertilizer was found at par with RDF (120N : 60P : 50K) and 25% recommended N through vermicompost incorporated 10 days before transplanting + 75% N through chemical fertilizer and it was significantly superior over rest of the treatment combinations. The substitution of 25% N through incorporated dhaincha at planting was found most promising in terms of productivity, profitability and performed better than other treatments and may be recommended for farmers of Uttar Pradesh and similar agro-eco regions.","PeriodicalId":35528,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Agronomy","volume":"365 1-3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139848204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A field experiment was conducted during the winter (rabi) season of 2021–22 at the research farm of Jawaharlal Nehru Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh to study the efficacy of pre-emergence herbicides against weeds in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). The experiment was laid out in a randomized block design with 3 replications and 8 weed control treatments. Major weed flora in the experimental site, viz. Medicago polymorpha (L.) (28.97%) and Cichorium intybus (L.) (26.19%) were predominant in dicot weeds and in monocot weeds, Phalaris minor (17.82%) was dominant. The weedy check plot had the higher density and dry weight of weeds. Hand weeding (once) was done at 25 DAS (day after sowing) in wheat, reducing weeds density and dry weight to the maximum extent at 40 DAS with a weed control efficiency (WCE) of 92.8%, proving superiority over other treatments. Among the herbicidal applications, pyroxasulfone + metribuzin at 127.5 + 280 g a.i./ha significantly reduced the monocot and dicot weeds density and dry weight, followed by pendimethalin + pyroxasulfone at 1250 + 127.5 g a.i./ha. Pyroxasulfone + metribuzin at 127.5 + 280 g a.i./ha resulted in maximum values of growth parameters, viz. plant height (66.38 cm), number of tillers/m2 (403.14) and yield attributing characters, viz. grains per earhead (51.00) and grain yield (5.65 t/ha) as compared to other herbicidal treatments.
{"title":"Efficacy of pyroxasulfone and its combinations against weeds in wheat (Triticum aestivum)","authors":"LAKHAN BHALSE, A.K. JHA, BADAL VERMA, SHIVANGI RAGHUWANSHI, MUSKAN PORWAL, M.P. SAHU","doi":"10.59797/ija.v68i4.5470","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59797/ija.v68i4.5470","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000A field experiment was conducted during the winter (rabi) season of 2021–22 at the research farm of Jawaharlal Nehru Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh to study the efficacy of pre-emergence herbicides against weeds in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). The experiment was laid out in a randomized block design with 3 replications and 8 weed control treatments. Major weed flora in the experimental site, viz. Medicago polymorpha (L.) (28.97%) and Cichorium intybus (L.) (26.19%) were predominant in dicot weeds and in monocot weeds, Phalaris minor (17.82%) was dominant. The weedy check plot had the higher density and dry weight of weeds. Hand weeding (once) was done at 25 DAS (day after sowing) in wheat, reducing weeds density and dry weight to the maximum extent at 40 DAS with a weed control efficiency (WCE) of 92.8%, proving superiority over other treatments. Among the herbicidal applications, pyroxasulfone + metribuzin at 127.5 + 280 g a.i./ha significantly reduced the monocot and dicot weeds density and dry weight, followed by pendimethalin + pyroxasulfone at 1250 + 127.5 g a.i./ha. Pyroxasulfone + metribuzin at 127.5 + 280 g a.i./ha resulted in maximum values of growth parameters, viz. plant height (66.38 cm), number of tillers/m2 (403.14) and yield attributing characters, viz. grains per earhead (51.00) and grain yield (5.65 t/ha) as compared to other herbicidal treatments.\u0000","PeriodicalId":35528,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Agronomy","volume":"91 9-10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139849157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A field experiment was conducted during winter (rabi) seasons of 2017–18 to 2021–22 at Agricultural Research Station, Ummedganj, Agriculture University, Kota, Rajasthan to develop natural and organic nutrient management technologies for sustainable wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) production to improve soil health and income security of the farmers. The experiment comprised of 8 treatments, viz. 100% N-FYM fb 10% cow urine (CU) spray at 25, 50 and 75 DAS; 50% N-FYM + 50% N-Vermicompost (VC) fb 10% vermiwash (VW) spray at 25, 50 and 75 DAS; 100% N-FYM + NPK consortia @1250 ml/ha as a soil application; 75% N-FYM + NPK consortia @1250 ml/ha as a soil application; 75% N-FYM + NPK consortia @1250 ml/ha as a soil application fb 10% cow urine spray at 25, 50 and 75 DAS; 75% N-FYM + NPK consortia @1250 ml/ha as a soil application fb amritasanjeevani spray @10% at 25, 50 and 75 DAS; jeevamrut @500 litre/ha at sowing, 25 and 50 DAS; and ghanjeevamrut @500 kg/ha at sowing, 25 and 50 DAS, in a randomized block design (RBD), replicated thrice. A critical examination of 5 years results revealed that significantly higher plant height (66.01 cm), tillers/plant (8.57), dry weight /meter row length (77.20 g), effective tillers/meter row length (80.60), ear length (8.93 cm), seeds/ear (44.90), test weight (41.90 g), seed yield (3756 kg/ha) and gross returns (`100,605/ha) of wheat were obtained under the application of 50% N-FYM + 50% N-VC fb10% vermiwash spray at 25, 50 and 75 DAS over ghanjeevamrut @500 kg/ha at sowing, 25 and 50 DAS and jeevamrut @500 litre/ha at sowing, 25 and 50 DAS and on par with rest of treatments in pooled analysis. However, net returns (`63,020/ha) and B:C ratio (1.77) of wheat were obtained significantly higher under application of 75% N-FYM+ NPK consortia @1,250 ml/ha as a soil fb amritasanjeevani spray @10% at 25, 50 and 75 DAS. Result on soil health improvement revealed that significantly higher organic carbon (0.66%), available phosphorus, potassium, sulphur (63.94, 432.8 and 28.21 kg/ha, respectively) and available zinc (0.90 mg/kg) were recorded with the application of 50% N-FYM + 50% N-VC fb10% vermiwash spray at 25, 50 and 75 DAS.
{"title":"Potential organic nutrient management practices for wheat (Triticum aestivum) in south-eastern Rajasthan","authors":"B.S. MEENA, GAJENDRA NAGAR, SUSHEELA KALWANIYA, R.K. YADAV","doi":"10.59797/ija.v68i4.5454","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59797/ija.v68i4.5454","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000A field experiment was conducted during winter (rabi) seasons of 2017–18 to 2021–22 at Agricultural Research Station, Ummedganj, Agriculture University, Kota, Rajasthan to develop natural and organic nutrient management technologies for sustainable wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) production to improve soil health and income security of the farmers. The experiment comprised of 8 treatments, viz. 100% N-FYM fb 10% cow urine (CU) spray at 25, 50 and 75 DAS; 50% N-FYM + 50% N-Vermicompost (VC) fb 10% vermiwash (VW) spray at 25, 50 and 75 DAS; 100% N-FYM + NPK consortia @1250 ml/ha as a soil application; 75% N-FYM + NPK consortia @1250 ml/ha as a soil application; 75% N-FYM + NPK consortia @1250 ml/ha as a soil application fb 10% cow urine spray at 25, 50 and 75 DAS; 75% N-FYM + NPK consortia @1250 ml/ha as a soil application fb amritasanjeevani spray @10% at 25, 50 and 75 DAS; jeevamrut @500 litre/ha at sowing, 25 and 50 DAS; and ghanjeevamrut @500 kg/ha at sowing, 25 and 50 DAS, in a randomized block design (RBD), replicated thrice. A critical examination of 5 years results revealed that significantly higher plant height (66.01 cm), tillers/plant (8.57), dry weight /meter row length (77.20 g), effective tillers/meter row length (80.60), ear length (8.93 cm), seeds/ear (44.90), test weight (41.90 g), seed yield (3756 kg/ha) and gross returns (`100,605/ha) of wheat were obtained under the application of 50% N-FYM + 50% N-VC fb10% vermiwash spray at 25, 50 and 75 DAS over ghanjeevamrut @500 kg/ha at sowing, 25 and 50 DAS and jeevamrut @500 litre/ha at sowing, 25 and 50 DAS and on par with rest of treatments in pooled analysis. However, net returns (`63,020/ha) and B:C ratio (1.77) of wheat were obtained significantly higher under application of 75% N-FYM+ NPK consortia @1,250 ml/ha as a soil fb amritasanjeevani spray @10% at 25, 50 and 75 DAS. Result on soil health improvement revealed that significantly higher organic carbon (0.66%), available phosphorus, potassium, sulphur (63.94, 432.8 and 28.21 kg/ha, respectively) and available zinc (0.90 mg/kg) were recorded with the application of 50% N-FYM + 50% N-VC fb10% vermiwash spray at 25, 50 and 75 DAS.\u0000","PeriodicalId":35528,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Agronomy","volume":" 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139789872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A field experiment was conducted during 2015–16 to 2018–19 at the research farm of ICAR-Indian Institute of Farming Systems Research, Modipuram, Uttar Pradesh to assess the potential yield (PY), sustainability and resource use efficiency (RUE) of 7 cropping systems (CS), viz. maize + blackgram–pea–sorghum; cluster beanwheat-teosinte; stylo-berseem-maize + cowpea; clitoria-mustard–greengram; rice–chickpea–okra; rice–wheat and sugarcane–wheat system. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design (RBD) with 3 replications. Among the different cropping systems, rice (Oryza sativa L.)–chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)–okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) was found to be most superior in terms of wheat equivalent yield (WEY) (19.77 t/ha/year) and sustainable yield index (SYI=0.894). The highest land use efficiency (LUE) was recorded with cluster bean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L.)–wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)–teosinte (Zea spp.) cropping system (95.16%) with 347 days of ground cover. Production efficiency was registered maximum with maize (Zea mays L.) + blackgram [Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper]–pea (Pisum sativum L.)–sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] system (66.91 kg/ha/ day), followed by rice–chickpea–okra system (62.25 kg/ha/day). Nevertheless, the highest net return (` 300.8×103 / year) was realized with rice–chickpea–okra system. Total soil organic carbon (SOC) content was highest (1.34%) under stylo-berseem- maize + cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] cropping system in comparison to other cropping systems. Thus, it can be concluded that rice–chickpea–okra system proved more productive, remunerative (` 824/ha/day) and sustainable cropping system than the existing sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.)–wheat/ rice–wheat cropping system in the western plain zone of Uttar Pradesh, India.
{"title":"Evaluation of food and fodder based cropping systems for sustaining productivity, resource use efficiency and profitability in western plain zone of Uttar Pradesh","authors":"L.R. MEENA, SAMRATH LAL MEENA, LALIT KUMAR, NATARAJA SUBASH PILLAI, T. RAM","doi":"10.59797/ija.v68i4.5462","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59797/ija.v68i4.5462","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000A field experiment was conducted during 2015–16 to 2018–19 at the research farm of ICAR-Indian Institute of Farming Systems Research, Modipuram, Uttar Pradesh to assess the potential yield (PY), sustainability and resource use efficiency (RUE) of 7 cropping systems (CS), viz. maize + blackgram–pea–sorghum; cluster beanwheat-teosinte; stylo-berseem-maize + cowpea; clitoria-mustard–greengram; rice–chickpea–okra; rice–wheat and sugarcane–wheat system. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design (RBD) with 3 replications. Among the different cropping systems, rice (Oryza sativa L.)–chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)–okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) was found to be most superior in terms of wheat equivalent yield (WEY) (19.77 t/ha/year) and sustainable yield index (SYI=0.894). The highest land use efficiency (LUE) was recorded with cluster bean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L.)–wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)–teosinte (Zea spp.) cropping system (95.16%) with 347 days of ground cover. Production efficiency was registered maximum with maize (Zea mays L.) + blackgram [Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper]–pea (Pisum sativum L.)–sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] system (66.91 kg/ha/ day), followed by rice–chickpea–okra system (62.25 kg/ha/day). Nevertheless, the highest net return (` 300.8×103 / year) was realized with rice–chickpea–okra system. Total soil organic carbon (SOC) content was highest (1.34%) under stylo-berseem- maize + cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] cropping system in comparison to other cropping systems. Thus, it can be concluded that rice–chickpea–okra system proved more productive, remunerative (` 824/ha/day) and sustainable cropping system than the existing sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.)–wheat/ rice–wheat cropping system in the western plain zone of Uttar Pradesh, India.\u0000","PeriodicalId":35528,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Agronomy","volume":" 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139787748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
SHIVAM KUMAR, PRATIK SANODIYA, A K JHA, M.P. SAHU, BADAL VERMA
A field investigation was conducted during winter (rabi) season of 2021 at Agricultural Research Farm of Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, to study the efficacy of doses of 2, 4-D sodium salt 80% WP on weeds, productivity and economics of rabi maize (Zea mays L.). Application of 2, 4- D sodium salt 80% WP @ 1,250 g/ha at 25 days after sowing (DAS) resulted in to lesser weed density and weed dry weight of Physalis minima Roem. & Schult, Chenopodium album (L.), Melilotus indicus (L.) and Cichorium intybus (L.) as compared to 2, 4-D sodium salt 80% WP @ 1,000 g/ha and 2, 4-D sodium salt 80% WP @ 750 g/ha at 60 DAS, with higher weed control efficiency (77.3 %) and lesser weed index (34.9 %). At 60 DAS, 2, 4-D sodium salt 80% WP (applied @1250 g/ha at 25 DAS) produced higher plant height, number of leaves, chlorophyll content, leaf area index and plant dry-matter over other treatments except weed free and two hand weeding at 20 and 40 DAS. Application of 2, 4-D sodium salt 80% WP @ 1,250 g/ha at 25 DAS recorded higher number of cobs, number of kernels, number of kernels/row and seed index as compared to 2, 4-D sodium salt 80% WP @ 1,000 g/ha, and 2, 4-D sodium salt 80% WP @ 750 g/ha. Higher kernel (3.7 t/ha) and stover yield (4.7 t/ha) of maize was recorded due to application of 2, 4-D sodium salt 80% WP @ 1,250 g/ha at 25 DAS with higher harvest index (44.5%) and monetary returns (62.5 × 103 `/ha) as compared to 2, 4-D sodium salt 80% WP @ 1,000 g/ha, and 2, 4-D sodium salt 80% WP @ 750 g/ha.
{"title":"Effect of 2, 4-D sodium salt on weeds, growth and yields in rabi maize (Zea mays L.)","authors":"SHIVAM KUMAR, PRATIK SANODIYA, A K JHA, M.P. SAHU, BADAL VERMA","doi":"10.59797/ija.v68i4.5466","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59797/ija.v68i4.5466","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000A field investigation was conducted during winter (rabi) season of 2021 at Agricultural Research Farm of Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, to study the efficacy of doses of 2, 4-D sodium salt 80% WP on weeds, productivity and economics of rabi maize (Zea mays L.). Application of 2, 4- D sodium salt 80% WP @ 1,250 g/ha at 25 days after sowing (DAS) resulted in to lesser weed density and weed dry weight of Physalis minima Roem. & Schult, Chenopodium album (L.), Melilotus indicus (L.) and Cichorium intybus (L.) as compared to 2, 4-D sodium salt 80% WP @ 1,000 g/ha and 2, 4-D sodium salt 80% WP @ 750 g/ha at 60 DAS, with higher weed control efficiency (77.3 %) and lesser weed index (34.9 %). At 60 DAS, 2, 4-D sodium salt 80% WP (applied @1250 g/ha at 25 DAS) produced higher plant height, number of leaves, chlorophyll content, leaf area index and plant dry-matter over other treatments except weed free and two hand weeding at 20 and 40 DAS. Application of 2, 4-D sodium salt 80% WP @ 1,250 g/ha at 25 DAS recorded higher number of cobs, number of kernels, number of kernels/row and seed index as compared to 2, 4-D sodium salt 80% WP @ 1,000 g/ha, and 2, 4-D sodium salt 80% WP @ 750 g/ha. Higher kernel (3.7 t/ha) and stover yield (4.7 t/ha) of maize was recorded due to application of 2, 4-D sodium salt 80% WP @ 1,250 g/ha at 25 DAS with higher harvest index (44.5%) and monetary returns (62.5 × 103 `/ha) as compared to 2, 4-D sodium salt 80% WP @ 1,000 g/ha, and 2, 4-D sodium salt 80% WP @ 750 g/ha.\u0000","PeriodicalId":35528,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Agronomy","volume":"4 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139850390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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