Pub Date : 2025-12-05DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2025.119725
Michael Witt , Ivan Genov , Andreas Bund , Svetlozar Ivanov
NiP layers demonstrate various favorable functional characteristics, where the P content is the most important property-controlling factor. Therefore, the development of prompt and cost-effective methods for determination of the P quantity in the layer is important. In response to this challenge the current work proposes a simple and low-cost microgravimetric approach for rapid in-situ evaluation of the P content in galvanostatically deposited NiP layers. The method is based on the application of electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance (EQCM) for electrogravimetric analysis of NiP anodic dissolution in acidic electrolyte environment. Important factors, including deposition potential, current density and temperature are considered for understanding of the reaction mechanism corresponding to NiP redox behavior and its gravimetric response. The approach can be realized in a sequential galvanostatic mode, enabling straightforward analysis of the current density impact on the layer composition. The analytical results obtained by means of EQCM are verified by EDX and XPS spectroscopy methods.
{"title":"Determination of phosphorus content from the electrogravimetric response of NiPlayers during galvanostatic anodic polarization","authors":"Michael Witt , Ivan Genov , Andreas Bund , Svetlozar Ivanov","doi":"10.1016/j.jelechem.2025.119725","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jelechem.2025.119725","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ni<img>P layers demonstrate various favorable functional characteristics, where the P content is the most important property-controlling factor. Therefore, the development of prompt and cost-effective methods for determination of the P quantity in the layer is important. In response to this challenge the current work proposes a simple and low-cost microgravimetric approach for rapid in-situ evaluation of the P content in galvanostatically deposited Ni<img>P layers. The method is based on the application of electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance (EQCM) for electrogravimetric analysis of Ni<img>P anodic dissolution in acidic electrolyte environment. Important factors, including deposition potential, current density and temperature are considered for understanding of the reaction mechanism corresponding to Ni<img>P redox behavior and its gravimetric response. The approach can be realized in a sequential galvanostatic mode, enabling straightforward analysis of the current density impact on the layer composition. The analytical results obtained by means of EQCM are verified by EDX and XPS spectroscopy methods.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":355,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry","volume":"1002 ","pages":"Article 119725"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145749319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-05DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2025.119717
Yu-En Deng , Chun-Gu Liu , Hou-Chien Chang
A numerical simulation method based on COMSOL Multiphysics® and the Finite Element Method (FEM) was developed to investigate the effects of three additives, including chloride ions as co-adsorbates that facilitate the adsorption of the suppressor, polyethylene glycol (PEG) as the suppressor, and bis(3-sulfopropyl) disulfide (SPS) as the accelerators, on the bottom-up copper electroplating behavior of through‑silicon via (TSV) structures. The tertiary current distribution model simultaneously considers three polarization phenomena 1) ohmic polarization 2) activation polarization, and 3) concentration polarization, and is integrated with a deformable geometry model to analyze the mechanisms of additive interactions and their competitive adsorption behavior. Without imposing a predefined flow field or introducing baffles, perfect filling of blind vias with various aspect ratios was successfully achieved by controlling the concentrations of the additives. The results provide valuable guidance for optimizing plating uniformity and demonstrate that this highly credible simulation approach can effectively reduce process development time and cost. In addition, this work offers critical insights for advanced packaging and TSV fabrication and highlights the potential of numerical simulations for process optimization in electronics manufacturing.
{"title":"The simulation of copper deposition in through silicon vias and investigation on effects of additives","authors":"Yu-En Deng , Chun-Gu Liu , Hou-Chien Chang","doi":"10.1016/j.jelechem.2025.119717","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jelechem.2025.119717","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A numerical simulation method based on COMSOL Multiphysics® and the Finite Element Method (FEM) was developed to investigate the effects of three additives, including chloride ions as co-adsorbates that facilitate the adsorption of the suppressor, polyethylene glycol (PEG) as the suppressor, and bis(3-sulfopropyl) disulfide (SPS) as the accelerators, on the bottom-up copper electroplating behavior of through‑silicon via (TSV) structures. The tertiary current distribution model simultaneously considers three polarization phenomena 1) ohmic polarization 2) activation polarization, and 3) concentration polarization, and is integrated with a deformable geometry model to analyze the mechanisms of additive interactions and their competitive adsorption behavior. Without imposing a predefined flow field or introducing baffles, perfect filling of blind vias with various aspect ratios was successfully achieved by controlling the concentrations of the additives. The results provide valuable guidance for optimizing plating uniformity and demonstrate that this highly credible simulation approach can effectively reduce process development time and cost. In addition, this work offers critical insights for advanced packaging and TSV fabrication and highlights the potential of numerical simulations for process optimization in electronics manufacturing.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":355,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry","volume":"1002 ","pages":"Article 119717"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145749320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-04DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2025.119715
Shuanglai Shen , Zhuang Ren , Daize Mo , Kuirong Deng , Mengze Xu
As part of this research, three distinct chlorinated monomers (various chlorinated benzene derivatives served as the central core, while the EDOT group was utilized as the terminal unit) namely Y2Cl-EDOT, T2Cl-EDOT, and Cl-EDOT, have been synthesized successfully using the Stille coupling reaction. Subsequently, three chlorinated polymers-P(Y2Cl-EDOT), P(T2Cl-EDOT), and P(Cl-EDOT), were characterized by cyclic voltammetry and UV–vis spectrophotometer. These chlorinated monomers exhibit a low initial oxidation potential of approximately 0.75 V. This characteristic of relatively low polymerization potential helps to produce high-quality polymers. Moreover, the number of chlorine atoms exerts a significant influence on the quality of the resulting polymers. The UV–Vis spectrum of the di-chlorinated monomers shows a blue-shifted trend (the blue shift of T2Cl-EDOT is the most obvious); the emission spectra of them are very similar. All the chlorinated polymers show very different redox peak potentials, favorable electrochemical activity and stability. Compared to P(Y2Cl-EDOT), P(Cl-EDOT) exhibits similar absorption spectra, coloration efficiency, and open-circuit stability, but demonstrates a faster response time (0.44 s at 465 nm). In contrast, P(T2Cl-EDOT) shows the most distinct color change and achieves the highest coloration efficiency (314 cm2 C−1 at 1100 nm). These findings collectively demonstrate that both the substitution position of chlorine atoms on the benzene unit and the number of substituted chlorine atoms significantly modulate the spectroelectrochemical and electrochromic properties of the resulting chlorinated hybrid polymers.
{"title":"Electrochromic properties of chlorinated benzene-EDOT conjugated polymers: Influence of chlorine substitution position and number","authors":"Shuanglai Shen , Zhuang Ren , Daize Mo , Kuirong Deng , Mengze Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.jelechem.2025.119715","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jelechem.2025.119715","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As part of this research, three distinct chlorinated monomers (various chlorinated benzene derivatives served as the central core, while the EDOT group was utilized as the terminal unit) namely Y2Cl-EDOT, T2Cl-EDOT, and Cl-EDOT, have been synthesized successfully using the Stille coupling reaction. Subsequently, three chlorinated polymers-P(Y2Cl-EDOT), P(T2Cl-EDOT), and P(Cl-EDOT), were characterized by cyclic voltammetry and UV–vis spectrophotometer. These chlorinated monomers exhibit a low initial oxidation potential of approximately 0.75 V. This characteristic of relatively low polymerization potential helps to produce high-quality polymers. Moreover, the number of chlorine atoms exerts a significant influence on the quality of the resulting polymers. The UV–Vis spectrum of the di-chlorinated monomers shows a blue-shifted trend (the blue shift of T2Cl-EDOT is the most obvious); the emission spectra of them are very similar. All the chlorinated polymers show very different redox peak potentials, favorable electrochemical activity and stability. Compared to P(Y2Cl-EDOT), P(Cl-EDOT) exhibits similar absorption spectra, coloration efficiency, and open-circuit stability, but demonstrates a faster response time (0.44 s at 465 nm). In contrast, P(T2Cl-EDOT) shows the most distinct color change and achieves the highest coloration efficiency (314 cm<sup>2</sup> C<sup>−1</sup> at 1100 nm). These findings collectively demonstrate that both the substitution position of chlorine atoms on the benzene unit and the number of substituted chlorine atoms significantly modulate the spectroelectrochemical and electrochromic properties of the resulting chlorinated hybrid polymers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":355,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry","volume":"1001 ","pages":"Article 119715"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145691166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Microelectrodes show several unique characteristics, including a rapid steady-state response and high current density. Therefore, strip-type biosensors based on micropatterned electrodes should exhibit rapid response and high accuracy. Advances in microfabrication have enabled the fabrication of disposable micropatterned electrodes. In this study, micropatterned electrodes were designed for use in strip-type glucose sensors with the aid of finite element method simulations, and were further refined experimentally. Simulations indicated that ring microelectrodes with a small inner-ring radius have a semi-spherical diffusion profile, while those with a large inner-ring radius have a doughnut-shaped diffusion profile. Based on simulations, the dimensions of the ring microelectrode with the preferred balance of high current density, high absolute current, and small occupied area were identified as: 1 μm height, 10 μm width, and 150 μm inner-ring radius. Experimentation indicated that connecting six ring microelectrodes results in a system with a high absolute response current, high current density, and rapid response time. The response current to 10 mM glucose was 0.42 ± 0.10 μA with one ring, and 1.26 ± 0.34 μA with six. The results of this study are expected to facilitate the fabrication of high-accuracy biosensors with high potential applicability in glucose sensing.
{"title":"Designing micropatterned electrodes for biosensor strips using finite element method simulations","authors":"Isao Shitanda , Masaki Mizuno , Yuji Shimizu , Yusuke Hashimoto , Noya Loew , Hikari Watanabe , Masayuki Itagaki","doi":"10.1016/j.jelechem.2025.119723","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jelechem.2025.119723","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Microelectrodes show several unique characteristics, including a rapid steady-state response and high current density. Therefore, strip-type biosensors based on micropatterned electrodes should exhibit rapid response and high accuracy. Advances in microfabrication have enabled the fabrication of disposable micropatterned electrodes. In this study, micropatterned electrodes were designed for use in strip-type glucose sensors with the aid of finite element method simulations, and were further refined experimentally. Simulations indicated that ring microelectrodes with a small inner-ring radius have a semi-spherical diffusion profile, while those with a large inner-ring radius have a doughnut-shaped diffusion profile. Based on simulations, the dimensions of the ring microelectrode with the preferred balance of high current density, high absolute current, and small occupied area were identified as: 1 μm height, 10 μm width, and 150 μm inner-ring radius. Experimentation indicated that connecting six ring microelectrodes results in a system with a high absolute response current, high current density, and rapid response time. The response current to 10 mM glucose was 0.42 ± 0.10 μA with one ring, and 1.26 ± 0.34 μA with six. The results of this study are expected to facilitate the fabrication of high-accuracy biosensors with high potential applicability in glucose sensing.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":355,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry","volume":"1002 ","pages":"Article 119723"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145749835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-04DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2025.119711
Nerly L. Mosquera, Ferley A. Vásquez, Jorge A. Calderón
The use of LiMn1.8Ti0.2O4 (LMTO) spinel as Li-ion battery positive electrode has attracted a high level of interest in the scientific community, due to its high capacity for energy storage and cobalt-free chemistry composition. However, it does not perform especially well during cycling, due to the irreversible formation of the tetragonal phase and the active dissolution of transition metals. In this work, changes in the crystalline structure and morphology of the active material were induced in order to improve the cycling performance of the LMTO spinel. For this purpose, LMTO materials were synthesized and thermally treated at temperatures of 650 °C, 750 °C, 850 °C, 950 °C and 1050 °C. Then, the changes in the structure, morphology and the electrochemical behavior of the spinel material were analyzed and compared. The active materials treated at 950 °C and 1050 °C, LMTO-950 and LMTO-1050 respectively, preserved good cycling performance after 100 cycles performed at a rate of 1C (308 mA h), retaining 85 % and 88 % of their initial specific capacity. Conversely, the spinel samples synthesized and thermally treated at low temperatures of 650 °C, 750 °C and 850 °C showed inferior capacity retention, with 40 %, 55 % and 58 %, respectively. LiMn1.8Ti0.2O4 active material thermally treated at high temperatures displayed significant improvements in cycling stability due to the increase in the lattice spacing of its crystal structure, favorable morphological change, shortness of the lithium-ion diffusion path, and high conductivity. These results indicate that a systematic synthesis procedure and adequate thermal treatment are essential for optimizing crystalline structure and guaranteeing the interfacial stability of the LMTO spinel active material, when high performance during cycling at high C-rates is sought.
利用LiMn1.8Ti0.2O4 （LMTO）尖晶石作为锂离子电池正极，由于其具有较高的储能能力和无钴化学成分，引起了科学界的高度关注。然而，由于四方相的不可逆形成和过渡金属的活性溶解，它在循环过程中表现不佳。为了提高LMTO尖晶石的循环性能，本文通过诱导活性物质的晶体结构和形态的变化来改善其循环性能。为此，合成了LMTO材料，并在650°C、750°C、850°C、950°C和1050°C下进行热处理。然后对尖晶石材料的结构、形貌和电化学行为的变化进行了分析和比较。活性材料LMTO-950和LMTO-1050分别在950°C和1050°C条件下处理，在1C （308 mA h）下循环100次后仍保持良好的循环性能，保留了85%和88%的初始比容量。相反，在650°C、750°C和850°C低温下合成和热处理的尖晶石样品的容量保留率较低，分别为40%、55%和58%。LiMn1.8Ti0.2O4活性材料经高温热处理后，由于其晶体结构的晶格间距增大，形态变化良好，锂离子扩散路径短，电导率高，循环稳定性得到显著改善。这些结果表明，系统的合成工艺和适当的热处理对于优化晶体结构和保证界面稳定性至关重要，当寻求高碳倍率下的高性能循环时。
{"title":"Improvement of the cycling performance of LiMn1.8Ti0.2O4 as positive electrode for lithium-ion batteries through optimization of the crystalline structure induced by thermal treatment","authors":"Nerly L. Mosquera, Ferley A. Vásquez, Jorge A. Calderón","doi":"10.1016/j.jelechem.2025.119711","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jelechem.2025.119711","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The use of LiMn<sub>1.8</sub>Ti<sub>0.2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> (LMTO) spinel as Li-ion battery positive electrode has attracted a high level of interest in the scientific community, due to its high capacity for energy storage and cobalt-free chemistry composition. However, it does not perform especially well during cycling, due to the irreversible formation of the tetragonal phase and the active dissolution of transition metals. In this work, changes in the crystalline structure and morphology of the active material were induced in order to improve the cycling performance of the LMTO spinel. For this purpose, LMTO materials were synthesized and thermally treated at temperatures of 650 °C, 750 °C, 850 °C, 950 °C and 1050 °C. Then, the changes in the structure, morphology and the electrochemical behavior of the spinel material were analyzed and compared. The active materials treated at 950 °C and 1050 °C, LMTO-950 and LMTO-1050 respectively, preserved good cycling performance after 100 cycles performed at a rate of 1C (308 mA h), retaining 85 % and 88 % of their initial specific capacity. Conversely, the spinel samples synthesized and thermally treated at low temperatures of 650 °C, 750 °C and 850 °C showed inferior capacity retention, with 40 %, 55 % and 58 %, respectively. LiMn<sub>1.8</sub>Ti<sub>0.2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> active material thermally treated at high temperatures displayed significant improvements in cycling stability due to the increase in the lattice spacing of its crystal structure, favorable morphological change, shortness of the lithium-ion diffusion path, and high conductivity. These results indicate that a systematic synthesis procedure and adequate thermal treatment are essential for optimizing crystalline structure and guaranteeing the interfacial stability of the LMTO spinel active material, when high performance during cycling at high C-rates is sought.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":355,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry","volume":"1001 ","pages":"Article 119711"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145691148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-04DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2025.119722
Hongxun Wang, Tao Yang, Yanping Li, Guosheng Wen, Cheng Zhang, Dazhou Yan
An intensive attention is paid to silicon (Si), due to its high theoretical specific capacity (4200 mAh g−1) and natural abundance, among the anode materials for lithium-ion batteries. However, bonding failure and structural fracture of the anodes caused by the huge volume expansion (300 %) of Si during repeated lithiation-delithiation cycles, results in dramatic capacity degradation and lifetime attenuation of lithium-ion batteries. Herein, a modified starch binder (TADS) was synthesized by introduction of different polar groups to enhance the hydrogen bonding and adhesion among the binder, Si anodes and the current collector. The Si electrode with the TADS binder (Si-TADS) exhibited superior mechanical integrity and electrochemical performance, delivering a high reversible specific capacity of 2005.9 mAh g−1 at 0.1C after 100 cycles, more than twice that of the counterpart with the unmodified starch binder (Si-TA, 947.5 mAh g−1). Furthermore, a Si-based anode with an initial capacity of 1000 mAh g−1 sustained over 600 stable cycles when using the TADS binder, whereas only 150 cycles were achieved with the unmodified TA binder.
在锂离子电池的负极材料中，硅（Si）由于其高理论比容量（4200 mAh g−1）和天然丰度而备受关注。然而，锂离子电池在反复的锂化-衰竭循环过程中，硅的体积膨胀（300%）会导致阳极的键合破坏和结构断裂，导致锂离子电池的容量急剧下降和寿命衰减。本文通过引入不同极性基团，合成了一种改性淀粉粘结剂（TADS），以增强粘结剂、硅阳极和集流剂之间的氢键和附着力。带有TADS粘结剂（Si-TADS）的Si电极表现出优异的机械完整性和电化学性能，在0.1C下循环100次后可提供2005.9 mAh g−1的高可逆比容量，是未改性淀粉粘结剂（Si- ta, 947.5 mAh g−1）的两倍多。此外，初始容量为1000 mAh g−1的硅基阳极在使用TADS粘结剂时可以维持超过600次稳定循环，而使用未改性的TA粘结剂只能实现150次循环。
{"title":"A modified multi-crosslinking starch as a high-performance binder for silicon-based anodes in lithium-ion batteries","authors":"Hongxun Wang, Tao Yang, Yanping Li, Guosheng Wen, Cheng Zhang, Dazhou Yan","doi":"10.1016/j.jelechem.2025.119722","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jelechem.2025.119722","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>An intensive attention is paid to silicon (Si), due to its high theoretical specific capacity (4200 mAh g<sup>−1</sup>) and natural abundance, among the anode materials for lithium-ion batteries. However, bonding failure and structural fracture of the anodes caused by the huge volume expansion (300 %) of Si during repeated lithiation-delithiation cycles, results in dramatic capacity degradation and lifetime attenuation of lithium-ion batteries. Herein, a modified starch binder (TADS) was synthesized by introduction of different polar groups to enhance the hydrogen bonding and adhesion among the binder, Si anodes and the current collector. The Si electrode with the TADS binder (Si-TADS) exhibited superior mechanical integrity and electrochemical performance, delivering a high reversible specific capacity of 2005.9 mAh g<sup>−1</sup> at 0.1C after 100 cycles, more than twice that of the counterpart with the unmodified starch binder (Si-TA, 947.5 mAh g<sup>−1</sup>). Furthermore, a Si-based anode with an initial capacity of 1000 mAh g<sup>−1</sup> sustained over 600 stable cycles when using the TADS binder, whereas only 150 cycles were achieved with the unmodified TA binder.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":355,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry","volume":"1002 ","pages":"Article 119722"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145798453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-03DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2025.119720
Huihui Li, Fei Xu, Heng Wang, Bencai Lin
The development of high-performance oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) electrocatalysts is critical for advanced rechargeable zinc–air batteries (ZABs). In this work, we report bimetallic cobalt−iron diatomic ORR catalysts (CoFe-N-C) derived from a zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF) phase transition strategy combined with subsequent thermal fixation. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis revealed that incorporating iron atoms into Co-N-C induced electron redistribution at Co/Fe active sites, leading to a synergistic effect to improve the catalytic performance. The ORR performance of CoFe-N-C was significantly enhanced by modulating the adsorption strength of reaction intermediates. In alkaline media, the bimetallic CoFe–N–C catalyst exhibited a higher half-wave potential (E1/2 = 0.86 V), compared to commercial Pt/C (0.85 V), along with superior catalytic activity and stability. Moreover, the CoFe-N-C-based ZAB achieved a peak power density of up to 203 mW cm−2, demonstrating its promising potential as an efficient ORR catalyst material.
高性能氧还原反应（ORR）电催化剂的开发是先进的可充电锌空气电池（ZABs）的关键。在这项工作中，我们报道了双金属钴-铁双原子ORR催化剂（CoFe-N-C）来自沸石咪唑盐框架（ZIF）相变策略结合随后的热固定。x射线光电子能谱（XPS）分析表明，将铁原子掺入Co- n - c中可以诱导Co/Fe活性位点的电子重分布，从而产生协同效应，从而提高催化性能。通过调节反应中间体的吸附强度，显著提高了fe - n - c的ORR性能。在碱性介质中，与商用Pt/C （0.85 V）相比，双金属CoFe-N-C催化剂表现出更高的半波电位（E1/2 = 0.86 V），同时具有更好的催化活性和稳定性。此外，基于cofe - n - c的ZAB达到了高达203 mW cm - 2的峰值功率密度，显示了其作为高效ORR催化剂材料的潜力。
{"title":"MOFs-derived CoFe dual-atoms electrocatalysts for zinc-air battery applications","authors":"Huihui Li, Fei Xu, Heng Wang, Bencai Lin","doi":"10.1016/j.jelechem.2025.119720","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jelechem.2025.119720","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The development of high-performance oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) electrocatalysts is critical for advanced rechargeable zinc–air batteries (ZABs). In this work, we report bimetallic cobalt−iron diatomic ORR catalysts (CoFe-N-C) derived from a zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF) phase transition strategy combined with subsequent thermal fixation. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis revealed that incorporating iron atoms into Co-N-C induced electron redistribution at Co/Fe active sites, leading to a synergistic effect to improve the catalytic performance. The ORR performance of CoFe-N-C was significantly enhanced by modulating the adsorption strength of reaction intermediates. In alkaline media, the bimetallic CoFe–N–C catalyst exhibited a higher half-wave potential (E<sub>1/2</sub> = 0.86 V), compared to commercial Pt/C (0.85 V), along with superior catalytic activity and stability. Moreover, the CoFe-N-C-based ZAB achieved a peak power density of up to 203 mW cm<sup>−2</sup>, demonstrating its promising potential as an efficient ORR catalyst material.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":355,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry","volume":"1001 ","pages":"Article 119720"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145691167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-02DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2025.119716
Damian Antonio Pedraza Daza , Gabriela Marzari , María Victoria Cappellari , Fernando Fungo
This work presents a preliminary electrochemiluminescence (ECL)-based principle for the direct quantification of ATZ in an organic medium, exploiting its function as an anodic coreactant with the luminophore tris(2,2′-bipyridyl)ruthenium(II) (Ru(bpy)₃2+). The electrochemical oxidation of ATZ generates reactive radical intermediates that interact with the oxidized luminophore to produce a characteristic ECL emission. Importantly, trace amounts of water in the organic solvent act as a co-reactant accelerator (CRA), enhancing the ECL signal. This simple and reagent-free detection strategy avoids complex chemical modifications or enzymatic steps. Given that the detection is based on the amine functionalities of ATZ, this approach holds promise for extension to other agrochemicals containing amine groups. As a proof-of-concept study, the analytical figures of merit reflect the intrinsic behavior of this newly established detection mechanism, providing a foundation for future optimization and sensitivity improvements. The versatility and cost-effectiveness of this technique highlight its potential as an analytical platform for environmental monitoring and agro-industrial applications.
{"title":"Direct Sensing of Atrazine as an Anodic Coreactant of Electrochemiluminescence","authors":"Damian Antonio Pedraza Daza , Gabriela Marzari , María Victoria Cappellari , Fernando Fungo","doi":"10.1016/j.jelechem.2025.119716","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jelechem.2025.119716","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This work presents a preliminary electrochemiluminescence (ECL)-based principle for the direct quantification of ATZ in an organic medium, exploiting its function as an anodic coreactant with the luminophore tris(2,2′-bipyridyl)ruthenium(II) (Ru(bpy)₃<sup>2+</sup>). The electrochemical oxidation of ATZ generates reactive radical intermediates that interact with the oxidized luminophore to produce a characteristic ECL emission. Importantly, trace amounts of water in the organic solvent act as a co-reactant accelerator (CRA), enhancing the ECL signal. This simple and reagent-free detection strategy avoids complex chemical modifications or enzymatic steps. Given that the detection is based on the amine functionalities of ATZ, this approach holds promise for extension to other agrochemicals containing amine groups. As a proof-of-concept study, the analytical figures of merit reflect the intrinsic behavior of this newly established detection mechanism, providing a foundation for future optimization and sensitivity improvements. The versatility and cost-effectiveness of this technique highlight its potential as an analytical platform for environmental monitoring and agro-industrial applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":355,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry","volume":"1001 ","pages":"Article 119716"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145691149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2025.119719
Qiushi Song , Xiaoqing Zhang , Xinyu Du , Hongwei Xie , Zhiqiang Ning , Kai Yu
The preferred orientation of cobalt metal is closely related with its properties and applications. Herein, the oriented growth of Co electrodeposits is effectively boosted by adjusting the pH of sulfate electrolyte. The relationship between electrolyte pH and preferred orientation of cobalt electrodeposits is comprehensively investigated. The preferred growth of cobalt electrodeposits is discussed. The metastable phase of β-Co is formed with the participation of H atoms in acidic electrolytes (pH<3). The α-Co phase is formed in more neutral electrolytes (pH>5). The sole (110)-oriented β-Co deposit is prepared at pH = 0.5. The α-Co with intensive (100) orientation is prepared by stabilizing the electrolyte at pH = 7. The preferred orientations formed at different electrolyte pH are ascribed to the effect of H+ ions on the nucleation and growth of cobalt.
{"title":"Oriented growth of cobalt electrodeposits boosted by electrolyte pH","authors":"Qiushi Song , Xiaoqing Zhang , Xinyu Du , Hongwei Xie , Zhiqiang Ning , Kai Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.jelechem.2025.119719","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jelechem.2025.119719","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The preferred orientation of cobalt metal is closely related with its properties and applications. Herein, the oriented growth of Co electrodeposits is effectively boosted by adjusting the pH of sulfate electrolyte. The relationship between electrolyte pH and preferred orientation of cobalt electrodeposits is comprehensively investigated. The preferred growth of cobalt electrodeposits is discussed. The metastable phase of β-Co is formed with the participation of H atoms in acidic electrolytes (pH<3). The α-Co phase is formed in more neutral electrolytes (pH>5). The sole (110)-oriented β-Co deposit is prepared at pH = 0.5. The α-Co with intensive (100) orientation is prepared by stabilizing the electrolyte at pH = 7. The preferred orientations formed at different electrolyte pH are ascribed to the effect of H<sup>+</sup> ions on the nucleation and growth of cobalt.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":355,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry","volume":"1001 ","pages":"Article 119719"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145691169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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