Revista gaucha de enfermagem / EENFUFRGS最新文献

Objective: To map, in the literature, the indicators used to evaluate contraceptive care in Primary Health Care services.

Method: Scoping review based on the framework proposed by Arksey and O'Malley and on the recommendations of the Joanna Briggs Institute, encompassing studies published between 1994 and 2023. Six databases and two grey literature repositories were searched. Data collection was conducted in pairs and independently. The analysis employed a deductive approach, with indicators categorized into the dimensions of structure, process (clinical-care and organizational process), and outcome, as well as into subdimensions, according to Donabedian's framework.

Results: A total of 37 studies were included, mostly cross-sectional, focusing on women of reproductive age. Process-related indicators were the most frequent, particularly those linked to the clinical-care component. In the structure dimension, the availability and provision of contraceptive methods stood out. In the outcome dimension, contraceptive method use was the most frequently assessed aspect.

Conclusion: There is a need for more specific indicators to evaluate the content of information provided, user satisfaction, and contraceptive discontinuation rates. It is important to broaden the scope of evaluation by incorporating the perspectives of health professionals and addressing issues related to sexually transmitted infections within contraceptive care.

Objective: To characterize the use of pelvic-floor muscle and joint mobility exercises in prenatal care, as well as their impact on labor and delivery.

Method: This is a scoping review conducted in the following databases: PubMed and PubMed Central, BVS/Bireme, CINAHL, Web of Science, Scopus, EMBASE, PEDro, SPORTDiscus, and the ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Global repository in January 2025. Original articles, literature reviews, care protocols, and expert opinions were included. Descriptive statistics and thematic analyses were used.

Results: Twenty-eight studies were included, of which 13 focused on pelvic floor muscle training exercises and 15 on pelvic joint mobility exercises, covering resistance and strength, aerobic, aquatic and flexibility modalities. The findings were inconsistent across studies, but they suggested benefits such as a higher rate of vaginal births, bladder incontinence prevention, pelvic floor strengthening, and reduced labor duration.

Conclusion: Pelvic joint and muscle mobility exercises are safe methods that can help during pregnancy and childbirth. However, the significance of conducting systematic reviews and meta-analyses in accordance with the exercise modality is underscored.

Objective: to investigate the challenges faced and the strategies adopted by mothers of children with autism spectrum disorder in the experience of mothering.

Method: a descriptive study, with a qualitative approach, was supported by the Sensitive Creative Method, using the "Tree of Knowledge" dynamic. It was conducted in July 2024 in a room at the State University of Pará. Thirteen mothers of children with the disorder participated. The data were subjected to French Discourse Analysis.

Results: the process of caring for a neuroatypical child begins with maternal perception of the first signs of atypicality, triggering a lonely and painful search for explanations. The difficulties faced involve the lack of preparation of health professionals, the high cost and slowness of diagnosis, as well as feelings such as guilt, denial and despair. However, over time, mothers develop internal strategies (patience, love, faith, resilience and knowledge) and external strategies (support network, therapies, medications) that strengthen the exercise of motherhood.

Final considerations: the impacts of the disorder result in the redefinition of the mothering process. It is necessary to give visibility to the demands of these mothers, promote spaces for qualified listening and to train health professionals, essential to promote quality of life for mothers, children and the dynamics of maternal care.

Objective: To develop, validate, and evaluate educational podcasts on home care for newborns.

Method: Methodological study, developed in a virtual setting from February to December 2024, in nine stages: selection of topics; theoretical study; preparation of scripts for the recording of the educational podcast; validation of the content of the scripts by experts; adaptation of the scripts; recording of the podcast episodes; evaluation of the educational podcast by family caregivers; adaptation of the educational podcast episodes; and dissemination of the educational podcast. A total of 48 individuals participated, 16 experts in the validation and 32 participants from the target audience in the evaluation. A Concordance Index was used for data analysis.

Results: The experts validated the content of 14 scripts with an overall concordance index of 1.0 (100.0%). The educational podcast recorded was evaluated by family members of newborns, including 15 mothers (46.8%), 14 uncles/aunts (43.7%), one cousin (3.1%), and two grandparents (6.3%). The agreement rate was 0.99 (99.0%).

Conclusion: The new educational podcast series, entitled "Podcasts do Parto ao Domicílio" ("From Childbirth to Home Podcasts"), with a collection of 14 episodes, was created, validated, and evaluated satisfactorily, and is available on a digital music platform for free.

Objective: To analyze the social representations of lesbian women regarding the prevention of sexually transmitted infections (STIs).

Method: Qualitative study, supported by the theory of social representations, conducted in 2022, in Rio de Janeiro, with 100 self-identified lesbian women, aged 18-29. Data were collected through a questionnaire for sociodemographic characterization and form to capture free associations with the inducing term "STI Prevention". Data analyzed using prototypical structural analysis and similarity techniques, supported by EVOC® software. Ethical procedures for research involving human subjects were respected.

Results: A total of 462 words were evoked, with 99 different terms. The central core of the representation is composed of condom and care. The peripheral system reveals the need for prevention to maintain sexual health and highlights practices that may contribute to infection prevention, such as hygiene and vaccines. In the contrast zone, an educational dimension is observed, reinforced by the recognition of the individual role in self-care as part of infection prevention.

Conclusion: The women demonstrated knowledge of infection prevention strategies that do not address the specificities of lesbian women sexual practices. The heteronormative representation observed manifests as a conditioning factor for the non-adoption of protective practices, making educational actions aimed at this group relevant.

Objective: To analyze the social representations of the adult LGBTQIAPNb+ population regarding experienced interpersonal violence.

Method: Analytical study with a qualitative approach, held in the municipality of Campina Grande, Paraíba, Brazil, in the year 2023; based on the theoretical-methodological framework of the Theory of Social Representations. A sociodemographic questionnaire, the Free Word Association Test, and semi-structured interview guide were applied. In addition to descriptive statistical analysis for participant characterization, the data were submitted to prototypical analysis using IRAMUTEQ® software.

Results: The central core of social representation was strongly associated with fear and suffering, whereas the periphery revealed connections with pain, anguish, and hatred. Furthermore, peripheral elements such as silencing, prejudice, intolerance, and repression were identified in the representations. It was also possible to observe, through class markers, how violence influences the biopsychosocial dimensions of individual's lives, leaving traces from childhood that resonate to the present day. Under these circumstances, psychological violence proved to affect individuals more significantly compared with other forms.

Conclusion: Emotional and psychological impact was directly associated with violence, highlighting the social mechanisms that perpetuate aggression and hinder the search for support and justice among the LGBTQIAPNb+ population.

Objective: to describe the convergence and divergence between Primary Health Care and Candomblé Terreiros in the provision of care.

Method: qualitative, descriptive study conducted in two health units in Camaçari, Bahia, with the participation of priests from Candomblé Terreiros, health professionals, and family health team managers. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews between September and October 2024 and submitted to Thematic Analysis, with the support of NVivo®.

Results: the exclusion and delegitimization of the knowledge of the terreiros was observed, influenced by cultural and religious barriers, prejudice, and gaps in professional training. Spiritual practices in the terreiros demonstrate a comprehensive care approach that articulates physical, emotional, social, and spiritual dimensions. Although limited, there are institutional initiatives to build closer ties through actions at specific events. In the terreiros, the limits of spirituality in health are recognized.

Conclusion: The relationship between Primary Care and the terreiros is marked by advances and gaps. Partnership between these entities can overcome barriers and promote more comprehensive care. The current model of health care is still exclusionary and discriminatory.

Objective: To know the perceptions of nursing professionals regarding the performance of home visits in mental health in Primary Health Care.

Method: Qualitative research, conducted in a Primary Health Care Unit in a municipality in Southern Brazil, in 2024. Ten nursing professionals participated, including five nurses and five nursing technicians, through semi-structured interviews that were analyzed according to Thematic Analysis, from the perspective of the Psychosocial Care framework.

Results: Nursing professionals reported knowledge of the family environment, strengthening bonds, listening and welcoming, and health education as important factors in mental health home visits. Furthermore, high workloads, a lack of mental health knowledge, and the absence of family members were cited as challenges. Therefore, strategies include planning home visits, monitoring by a multidisciplinary team, and the presence of community health workers.

Final considerations: This study allowed to understand the perceptions of the nursing team regarding home visits in mental health, highlighting the importance of this care tool for people in psychological distress, from the perspective of Psychosocial Care. Overcoming the challenges requires collective work based on the comprehensiveness of care.

Objective: To understand the perceptions of preschool and elementary school teachers regarding the application of an educational first aid booklet in schools.

Methods: A qualitative, exploratory-descriptive study was conducted in 14 preschool and elementary schools in the municipality of União dos Palmares, Alagoas, Brazil. The study participants were preschool and elementary school teachers. Data collection took place in November 2024, and focus groups were used as the data source. Data was systematized using the IRaMuTeQ® software and analyzed via Descending Hierarchical Classification.

Results: Three classes were found: Educational moment (relevance given by teachers to first aid actions in the context of school health); Booklet content (relevance of the booklet's content compared to actions performed due to popular knowledge); Reading time (evidenced as good, although the need for a more detailed exploration was highlighted).

Final considerations: The study showed that teachers considered the first aid booklet to be a useful resource for expanding their knowledge and guiding conduct in school emergencies, although they pointed out the need for more time for reading and continuous training.

Objective: To analyze the spatial pattern and time series of fetal mortality in Pernambuco, Brazil, from 2010 to 2021.

Method: An ecological study was conducted using municipalities as spatial units of analysis and months as temporal units. Data were obtained from the Mortality Information System and the Live Birth Information System. Maps displaying annual fetal mortality rates were constructed. Three classes of time series models were tested, and the model with the lowest mean absolute percentage error on a validation dataset was selected to perform projections.

Results: A total of 18,810 fetal deaths were recorded, with a mean monthly fetal mortality rate of 11.3 fetal deaths per 1,000 births. The spatial distribution showed the highest fetal mortality rates in municipalities located in the Sertão, São Francisco, and Agreste regions. The overall mean rate of the series was 13.3 (±1.1) fetal deaths per 1,000 births. A stationary trend was observed, ranging from 8.1 to 14.4 per 1,000 births per month, with outliers in May 2020 (+29%) and November 2020 (-24.1%).

Conclusion: The spatial distribution of fetal mortality rates revealed variations among municipalities, while the temporal trend remained stationary. These findings can support the monitoring of actions aimed at reducing fetal mortality in the state and inform nursing practices to enhance preventive care and reduce avoidable deaths.