Revista gaucha de enfermagem / EENFUFRGS最新文献

Objective: To structure a proposal for implementing and monitoring the nursing care protocol for the safety of adult patients with external ventricular drains.

Method: Descriptive exploratory research based on Implementation Science, with intentional sampling. Carried out in a hospital complex in southern Brazil, between May and December 2022, in four stages: online questionnaire on knowledge of care for patients with external ventricular shunt for nurses; matrix of proposed indicators with key actors; self-instructional online course for nurses; synthesis of the existing protocol. Contextualized instructional design was used to develop the course.

Results: Six nurses from the operating room and intensive care unit participated, identifying knowledge gaps, pointing out the need for specific training; four key actors in the neurosurgery service defined six indicators. An online course was created and made available on the platform of the institution with two modules, including eight videos. Protocol synthesis was adapted to the standards of the institution's quality sector.

Conclusion: A report regarding the implementation of the nursing care protocol for patients with external ventricular drains was delivered for the nurse who was the technical responsible. Future studies should evaluate the implementation and impacts it will generate. This model can be adapted by other institutions.

Objective: to implement the best evidence in preventing pressure injuries in patients in the intensive care unit of a university hospital in the city of São Paulo/Brazil.

Method: a quasi-experimental study whose intervention was implementing evidence based on the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology, which includes auditing and feedback. Ten audit criteria were used, which were verified in patient records and training records of the teaching and quality service. The intervention was assessed by comparing the percentage of compliance with audited criteria before and after implementing the best practices. Pearson's chi-squared test was used.

Results: 2,677 days of baseline and follow-up audit records were evaluated, regarding 340 patients. Compliance baseline and follow-up audits differed for most criteria (p-value <0.001). The main barriers were the lack of records of essential information on pressure injuries in the medical records, and strategies for overcoming these barriers included a review of the pressure injury prevention protocol and training of the nursing team.

Conclusion: the intervention adopted contributed to improving practices regarding the prevention of pressure injuries, expressed by the increase in the rate of compliance with the criteria and the proposal of improvement strategies to overcome barriers.

Objective: To verify the effect of aromatherapy (inhaled or via the skin) with lavender, sweet orange and bergamot essential oils on caregivers' overload and fatigue.

Method: Pilot, quasi-experimental, randomized, non-blind and parallel study with two groups. The reduced Zarit Burden Interview and Revised Piper scales were used, comparing the effect of two routes of administration. The recommendations of the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials were respected. Final sample with 23 caregivers of elderly people cared for by the Home Care Program of a University Hospital, in the city of São Paulo, between May and September 2021. To analyze the outcome after 21 days, the Wilcoxon test was used to compare the effects. For the linear model, and for the variable perceived duration of fatigue, the Cumulative Link Mixed Model was used. The significance level adopted was 5%.

Results: Temporal perceptions of fatigue were reduced throughout the study for the groups. However, there was no decrease in overload or fatigue, regardless of the moment and groups.

Conclusion: Overload and fatigue were reduced in the group that received the treatment through inhalation, showing no statistical significance.

Objective: to verify the effect of educational technologies on the quality of life of people with diabetes.

Method: quasi-experimental study, before-and-after type, developed with a group of 34 people. Six interventions were carried out, in groups or individually, using educational technologies, such as clinical simulators and physical educational games. A questionnaire was used to extract sociodemographic and clinical data. To assess quality of life, the Diabetes Quality of Life Measure (DQOL) was applied at the initial (T0) and final (T1) moments. The paired Student's t-test was used to compare the mean scores at T0 and T1, adopting a significance level ≤ 0.05.

Results: the mean overall DQOL score revealed an increase from 142.7 (±11.8) to 162.2 (±9.1), with a statistically significant difference (p<0.001). The domains of satisfaction, impact and concerns related to diabetes also showed an increase with statistical difference. There was a significant reduction in postprandial blood glucose levels after the interventions, with a statistically significant difference (p<0.001).

Conclusion: the use of educational technologies in educational interventions demonstrated an improvement in the quality of life of people living with diabetes.

Objective: To describe the teaching of the History of Nursing in the curricular structures of Undergraduate Nursing Courses at Brazilian public universities.

Method: A documentary, descriptive study with a qualitative approach carried out between February 2021 and August 2023. The sample included the curricula of active face-to-face undergraduate courses at public educational institutions (n=136) identified on the e-MEC platform. The content of the syllabuses was organized into a textual corpus and content analysis was carried out with the support of the IRaMuTeQ software.

Results: 99 syllabuses were identified among the 136 courses. A total of 100 (73.5%) courses have a specific subject dedicated to the History of Nursing. Five classes emerged which addressed the historical evolution of nursing in Brazil and worldwide, the creation of nursing schools, the division of labor, dimensions of care, and legal aspects of the profession.

Conclusion: The teaching of the History of Nursing is described in the curricular structures by aspects that make it possible to learn about the historical achievements and current challenges of nursing.

Objective: To estimate the prevalence and factors associated with excess weight, hypertension and diabetes among pregnant women in the northern region of Brazil.

Method: This is a cross-sectional, retrospective study with secondary data conducted with pregnant women living in the northern region of Brazil who took part in the Telephone Survey for Surveillance of Risk and Protective Factors for Chronic Diseases. The chi-square and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used for analysis, as well as the Binomial Logistic Regression model.

Results: A total of 21,652.1 women self-reported being pregnant. The prevalence rates were: 42.4% excess weight, 2.65% hypertension and 9% diabetes. The variables associated with the outcomes were: for overweight, watching television and using a computer/tablet/cell phone for up to 3 hours a day, for hypertension, watching television for 3 hours a day or more and using a computer/tablet/cell phone for more than 6 hours a day, for diabetes, 29 years old, 13 years of schooling, and consumption of more than 4 glasses/cans of soda daily.

Conclusion: The prevalence rates found in this study are similar to those found in other contexts. The unfavorable outcomes are associated with age, years of schooling, dietary habits, and maternal lifestyle.

Objective: To compare the incidence, characteristics, and risk factors of pressure injuries among critically ill patients with and without Covid-19 in an intensive care unit.

Method: Retrospective cohort study in an intensive care unit by collecting data from electronic medical records of patients admitted in 2021. Sample of 302 patients, 151 with Covid-19 and 151 without Covid-19. Poisson's regression with robust variance and p < 0.05 as a significant value was used to analyze the data.

Results: The incidence of pressure injuries in patients with Covid-19 was 60.3% and in those without Covid-19 were 35.8%. Stage 2 and the sacral region were predominant in both groups and patients with Covid-19 developed lesions earlier compared to those without Covid-19. An increase in pressure injuries was observed in patients with chronic diseases, on mechanical ventilation and in the prone position The clinical variables associated were "obesity," "Braden ≤ 12," and "sedation time."

Conclusion: The incidence of pressure injuries was higher in patients with Covid-19.The variables "obesity," "Braden ≤ 12," and "sedation time" were associated with pressure injuries, regardless of whether the patient had Covid-19 or not, corroborating risk factors for pressure injuries.

Objective: To construct a matrix of interprofessional competencies produced in Multiprofessional Health Residencies in the interior of Rio Grande do Norte.

Method: Qualitative study, with a deductive method for theorization and construction of the competency matrix. It was organized into three phases: theoretical, field and analytical phase. Developed in multi-professional residencies in the interior of northeastern Brazil, with a sample of 41 subjects: 30 students, 06 preceptors, 04 professors and 01 municipal health manager. Focus group and interview data collection techniques were used, carried out from November 2022 to August 2023. Deductive thematic analysis was applied. All ethical principles were respected.

Results: The matrix was organized on three levels of competencies: common, professional-guiding, and collaborative. It is demonstrated using a table that organizes the type of competency, the interviewees' speeches and the competencies identified in the study, guided by international literature.

Conclusion: It was possible to construct the interprofessional competencies matrix. The matrix foresees a contemporary professional profile, demonstrating the need for improvements to professional reorientation from an interprofessional perspective to meet the demands of this new professional profile.

Objective: To identify, in the literature, the implications of gestational exposure to SARS-CoV-2 on neurodevelopment in the first postnatal year, focusing on changes in the motor, personal-social, socio-emotional, and communication and language domains.

Method: Systematic review with narrative synthesis, considering neurodevelopmental outcomes, categorized according to gross and fine motor skills, personal-social interaction, socio-emotional aspects, and communication and language. Searches were conducted in PubMed, LILACS/BIREME, and EMBASE databases between January 2020 and June 2023. Two independent researchers performed selection by reading the title and abstract and applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Cohort studies that evaluated children up to one year old, exposed to SARS-CoV-2 in utero, were included. The Newcastle-Ottawa scale was used to assess methodological quality.

Results: Seventeen articles were included, with methodological quality ranging from intermediate to good. The most frequently used instrument to characterize neurodevelopment was the Ages & Stages Questionnaires. Infants aged 0 to 3 months had lower scores for fine and gross motor skills. Infants aged 3 to 12 months had more fine motor, social and communication and language impairments.

Conclusion: Most infants exposed to SARS-CoV-2 showed development as expected, however delays were identified in the motor, personal-social, socio-emotional and communication and language domains according to the age group.

Objectives: To assess the prevalence of urinary incontinence and the clinical and demographic factors associated with patients with Post-COVID-19 Syndrome.

Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 59 participants from Porto Alegre/RS. Data were collected via telephone interviews using a structured instrument, the Functional Status Scale, and the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire - Short Form, between September 2021 and October 2022. Numerical data were analyzed for normality using the Shapiro-Wilk test. Student's t-test with Mann-Whitney's post-hoc was applied for comparison of continuous variables. Fisher's exact test was used for correlation of categorical data.

Results: The sample included 32 women (56.4 ± 11.3 years) and 27 men (49.5 ± 10.7 years). Only women reported post-COVID-19 urinary incontinence (28%), as well as emotional alterations (p=0.006). Urinary incontinence was associated with insomnia (p=0.005).

Conclusion: Urinary incontinence was prevalent only in women and was not affected by COVID-19. Women also exhibited greater emotional alterations. Insomnia was the variable associated with the outcome. Thus far, there is incipient evidence regarding the association of the SARS-CoV-2 infection with the prevalence of urinary incontinence in individuals with Post-COVID-19 Syndrome.