Revista gaucha de enfermagem / EENFUFRGS最新文献

Objective: To analyze the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on the Maternal Mortality Ratio in Brazil from 2018 to 2021.

Method: Ecological time series study, which analyzed the trend and spatial distribution of maternal deaths from 2018 to 2021, with data obtained from the Mortality and Live Birth Information System. The Maternal Mortality Ratio values were subjected to Prais-Winsten linear regression analysis using Stata program, version 14.0. The evolution of the Maternal Mortality Ratio in the regions was presented on maps created using the TabWin software.

Results: A total of 8,229 maternal deaths were recorded in the period. The year 2021 recorded the highest Maternal Mortality Ratio (113.1 maternal deaths per 100,000 live births). Brazil showed a stationary trend, while the North region had a higher Maternal Mortality Ratio across the four years, showing an increasing trend, along with the Northeast, while the Central-West, South and Southeast showed a stationary trend.

Conclusion: Despite the stationary trend in most Brazilian regions, the Maternal Mortality Ratio increased, especially in 2020 and 2021, years of the Covid-19 pandemic, which demonstrates the need for constant monitoring of vulnerabilities among women during the pregnancy-puerperal cycle to prevent maternal deaths.

Objective: To analyze the relationship between structural empowerment and sociodemographic and professional factors of nurses at a reference hospital providing emergency care.

Method: Analytical, cross-sectional study, with 124 nurses from an emergency hospital, applying the questionnaires: sociodemographic and professional data and the Conditions of Effectiveness at Work II (CET-II) questionnaire. The Spearman or Kruskal Wallis statistical tests were used and the significance level was updated to 5% for the study's statistical analyses.

Results: Structural empowerment was moderate among nurses and "opportunity" presented greater mean among the dimensions. Although the correlations were weak, support was the dimension that showed the greatest results with the other variables. It is more noticeable when: shorter training time; greater age and; longer time at the institution. There was no difference between the dimensions of the instrument and the qualitative variables of the study, except between Opportunity and the surgical hospitalization unit and the total score of the instrument and the burns unit, compared with the other units of the hospital.

Conclusion: The structural empowerment of nurses in the hospital was moderate and influenced by variables such as: age, time since graduation, time at the institution and with differences between sectors.

Objective: To identify the occurrence of presenteeism in healthcare professionals and its association with socio-occupational and health factors.

Method: Cross-sectional study, carried out from July to October 2022 with 152 healthcare professionals from a reference hospital for COVID-19. A semi-structured questionnaire was applied for socio-occupational and health characterization, and the Stanford Presenteeism Scale. Prevalence ratios were used to evaluate associations and statistical significance using Pearson's X2; binary logistic regression to investigate the impact of socio-occupational variables on presenteeism and linear regression for the scale domains.

Results: Female (65.8%), mean age 32±8.59 years, no children (68.4%), nursing staff (55.3%), no previous (74.4%) or acquired (87.5%) comorbidities. Of the total, 85 (55.93%) professionals had low presenteeism. Previous comorbidity χ2(1)=6.282;p=0.012, sick leave (χ2 (1)=7.787;p=0.005, R2 Negelkerke= 0.069) and medication use (χ2 (1)=8.565;p=0.003, R2 Negelkerke= 0.077) were predictors of low presenteeism.

Conclusion: There was no significant association between sociodemographic variables and presenteeism. Previous comorbidity, absence from work for health reasons and the use of medication were significant predictors of reduced concentration in work activities.

Objective: To describe the clinical and sociodemographic profile and associate them with the quality of life of adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus being followed up in a public hospital in an inner city of the state of São Paulo.

Method: Quantitative, cross-sectional, and analytical study, performed with 80 dyads. Data were collected through a clinical/sociodemographic form and a Quality of Life Instrument. For analysis, descriptive statistics were used, and Pearson's Chi-square and Fisher's Exact tests were applied to assess the association between quality of life and clinical/sociodemographic variables.

Results: Out of the total participants, the ones who scored high quality of life were mostly, female (52.5%), in the age group 15 to 17 years old (56.3%), 51.3% self-identified as white, and 40.1% were attending high school. In the preoccupation domain, a significant association was found to the time since diagnosis (p=0.035), demonstrating that young adolescents with a longer time of diagnosis had a worse quality of life.

Conclusion: The majority of adolescents in this study (51.3%) had been living with diabetes for 10 or more years. It was identified that the duration of the diagnosis has the potential to interfere with the quality of life of these young individuals.

Objective: To explore how the development of research skills through postgraduate training is transferred to the use of research in clinical nursing practice.

Method: This was a qualitative, exploratory, descriptive study developed based on a focus group in October 2021, using an intentional sample of eight postgraduate nurses from a healthcare institution in the region of Baixo Alentejo, Portugal. Bardin's content analysis was performed to analyze data. The participants and two reviewers legitimized the findings. In addition, the consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative research checklist were applied to this study to ensure the quality of the research report.

Results: From the data analysis, three categories emerged: 1) transfer of research skills to clinical practice, 2) constraints to the development of research, and 3) expectations concerning the development of nursing research.

Conclusion: Appreciation of research skills in contexts of practice, team involvement, improvement of nursing care outcomes, greater understanding of the research process, communication of results, and transferring knowledge to the clinic are contributions of research skills acquired in postgraduation training. The findings from this study can contribute to the development of health and nursing education policies.

Objective: to analyze the perception of people with mental disorders in relation to social support from religion and from health professionals.

Method: qualitative, descriptive-exploratory study, carried out with seven members of a Christian religious institution, adults and medically diagnosed with mental disorders. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews, between May and August 2021. Thematic content analysis was used.

Results: support from healthcare professionals was emphasized in relation to symptoms and their psychosocial consequences. Medication was the main aspect, despite the stigma and side effects. Religious social support was described from a perspective of affective support, learning, and the search for overcoming the issues as a way of relieving suffering.

Conclusion: the perception of people with mental disorders in relation to the support of health professionals was pervaded by the biomedical character of drug treatments in the remission of symptoms. However, religiosity/spirituality was highlighted as an important complementary factor to treatment. In this sense, the intersection between the two types of support stands out as an aspect for expanding mental health care.

Objective: To understand the routine and implications on the mental health of hospitalized children with cancer, from the perspective of family members.

Method: Qualitative research, carried out with 11 relatives of children hospitalized in an oncopediatric inpatient unit, during the month of September 2022. The information was produced through semi-structured interviews and was analyzed according to Minayo's Thematic Analysis, emerging two categories: "The child's routine during hospitalization" and "The child's mental health during hospitalization".

Results: In the child's routine, participants noticed changes caused by the hospital environment that do not coincide with family dynamics. However, the presence of the multidisciplinary team mitigates the strangeness experienced in this process. Regarding mental health, the feelings experienced by these children included anger, longing, and sadness, resulting in behaviors such as discouragement and aggression. These repercussions are associated with the child's confused understanding of their illness.

Final considerations: The perspectives of family members contributed for a reflection on the health and illness process of pediatric patients undergoing cancer treatments, as they play an essential role in care, closely monitoring everything that comes to pass in the daily lives of these children in the hospital environment.

Objective: to identify the prevalence of mental and behavioral disorders among nursing workers in the context of COVID-19 and its associated factors.

Method: cross-sectional web survey carried out between October 2021 and January 2022, with 1.073 nursing professionals. An instrument with sociodemographic and occupational variables, and a self-assessment of mental and behavioral disorders was applied to collect data. A descriptive analysis with absolute and relative frequencies and univariate and multivariate inferential analyses using Poisson Regression were conducted.

Results: mental and behavioral disorders were reported by 50.8% of participants, showing a significant association with the female sex, more than 10 years in the profession, more than two employment contracts, and poor self-rated health.

Conclusion: There was a high prevalence of self-reported mental and behavioral disorders in the sample. The length of time working in the profession and the number of employment relationships were variables strongly associated with the outcome. Studies like these are essential to assist in the development of effective strategies for reducing risk factors to workers' health, especially those of occupational origin that can be modified.

Objective: to analyze the leadership practices among nurses in face of COVID-19 pandemic in university hospitals in Brazil.

Method: this is a multicenter, qualitative and exploratory-descriptive research. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 139 nurses who worked in the care for patients with COVID-19 in Brazilian university hospitals. Thematic content analysis was carried out with support of Iramuteq® software.

Results: Three categories were obtained: 1) Leadership practices with individual emphasis, highlighting decision-making agility and technical-scientific knowledge as relevant elements for professional performance; 2) Leadership practices with emphasis on the team and direct care for critical patients, presents the challenges faced in managing human resources amidst a high number of infections and professional absences; and 3) Leadership practices with emphasis on Safety and material management, presenting strategies to enhance patient and professional safety despite difficulties related to the supply of materials.

Conclusion: leadership practices such as adaptive capacity, transmission of trust in the leader, collaborative decision-making, encouraging team development, management of human and material resources, and effective communication allowed nurses to cope with the critical moments of the pandemic.

Objective: To analyze the prevalence and associated factors with chronic diseases among women of reproductive age in primary health care.

Method: Cross-sectional study conducted with 397 women of reproductive age living in northern Paraná, Brazil. Data were collected from July 2019 to September 2020. The Women's Clinical Record was used to collect sociodemographic data, risk behaviors, diagnosis of chronic diseases and medication use. Chi-Square test was performed for association analysis, and Logistic Regression estimating Odds Ratio and 95% confidence intervals.

Results: The prevalence of chronic diseases among women of reproductive age was 38.53% and the associated factors were: age group from 31 to 40 years old (OR=3.67; p=0.001) and from 41 to 49 years (OR =9.7; p=0.001), incomplete high school education (OR= 2.7; p=0.001), obesity (OR= 2.25; p=0.001) and smoking (OR=2.23; p=0.001).

Conclusion: Age at the end of the reproductive phase, obesity and smoking were associated with the presence of chronic diseases. Knowledge of these factors can assist in screening, monitoring and health education actions provided to women of childbearing age.