Revista gaucha de enfermagem / EENFUFRGS最新文献

Objective: To analyze the prevalence of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and the use of psychoactive substances among sex workers and their relationship with sexual behavior.

Method: Cross-sectional study conducted in the interior of the state of Goiás, Brazil, with sex workers. Sexual behaviors were assessed and information on substance use was obtained through the Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening. Laboratory tests detected human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), syphilis, hepatitis B, and hepatitis C. Descriptive analyses, chi-square, and logistic regression were performed.

Results: A total of 104 sex workers (88.4% women) participated in the study. The prevalence of STIs was HIV (1.9%), syphilis (14.4%), hepatitis B serological scar (3.8%), and hepatitis C (1.9%). Inconsistent condom use was reported by 64.4% of sex workers. The most prevalent patterns of substance abuse/dependence were tobacco (53.8%), alcohol (43.3%), cannabis (29.8%) and cocaine (26.9%). No significant associations were identified between condom use and substance use.

Conclusion: A high prevalence of syphilis, inconsistent condom use, and patterns of substance abuse/dependence were observed among sex workers. The findings reinforce the need for effective combined STI prevention strategies, harm reduction actions, and specific care interventions for this vulnerable population.

Objective: To understand the perception of adults with Diabetes Mellitus about their health behaviors.

Method: Exploratory, qualitative study, conducted with 22 adults with diabetes registered at a Healthcare Unit in the central-western region of Brazil. Data were collected through interviews, between August and November 2023, consisting of questions on sociodemographic characterization and health behaviors, in addition to a guiding question. After transcription, the interviews were subjected to thematic content analysis, and the results were interpreted in light of Nola Pender's theory, on the Health Promotion Model.

Results: The perception of adults with Diabetes Mellitus about their health behaviors shows that the process of adopting healthy habits is influenced by multiple factors, especially before the diagnosis. Lack of knowledge about the disease, combined with emotional and psychological barriers, hinders recognition of the need for change. In light of Nola Pender's Health Promotion Model, it is observed that valuing the benefits of healthy practices, strengthening self-efficacy and supporting interpersonal relationships emerge as facilitating elements for critical reflection and transformation of health behaviors.

Final considerations: Understanding the perception of adults with Diabetes Mellitus about their health behaviors reinforces the need for individualized care interventions to promote more effective health practice.

Objective: To identify the facilitators and barriers of performing the Papanicolaou test on women living in countryside of Amazonas.

Method: This is an exploratory-descriptive study, with a qualitative approach, conducted with 37 women in two basic health units in the municipality of Coari, Amazonas, from March to April 2022. Data collection took place through individual semi-structured interviews and an audio-recorded focus group technique. The material obtained was submitted to Bardin's Content Analysis Technique, anchored in the theoretical framework of the health belief model.

Results: Facilitators for undergoing the preventive exam included: access to health services, availability of the test at river-based health units, invitation from a health professional and living in an urban area. The main barriers included: lack of forms, time, shortage of professionals, delay in delivering test results, restrictions imposed by husbands, lack of information about the test, financial difficulties, shame, fear, fatalism and geographical difficulties.

Conclusion: The main barriers affecting screening adherence rates were institutional, individual and psycho-emotional aspects. Structural actions related to health service management and educational actions aimed at prevention and health promotion may improve the effectiveness of screening programs.

Objective: To understand the experiences of users of human immunodeficiency virus pre-exposure prophylaxis during the flood in Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.

Method: This is a qualitative study. Twenty-five users participated, and data collection was conducted through semi-structured interviews held via telephone, from May to July 2024. Thematic content analysis was adopted.

Results: The findings were organized into two empirical categories: "Collective tragedy: repercussions for everyday life," which revealed feelings of loss, fear, and emotional instability in the face of the disaster; and "The PrEP is over: strategies and (dis)continuity," with one subcategory, "Relationship with the (Non)Service". Disruptions in access to medication, failures in institutional communication, and a sense of insecurity regarding continuity of care were evident.

Conclusion: PrEP use continuity was compromised during the disaster, highlighting the need for public policies that ensure continuous care in adverse contexts, through emergency protocols and clear, accessible communication.

Objective: to correlate the levels of health literacy, therapeutic adherence, and sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of adults with cancer undergoing oral antineoplastic therapy.

Method: this is a cross-sectional, correlational study conducted in the oncology outpatient clinics of a philanthropic general hospital in São Paulo. Instruments used included a sample characterization form, Treatment Adherence Measure and the Brazilian version of the European Health Literacy Survey. Data were analyzed using descriptive and analytical statistics.

Results: the sample consisted of 100 patients: 68% were 51 years of age or older; 52% without comorbidities and were taking three or more medications daily; 53% had 11 years of education or more; and 49% were retired or pensioners. Inadequate literacy was found in 52.9%, problematic in 24.1%, sufficient in 20.7% and excellent in 2.3%. The mean adherence was 5.6 (SD= 0.7), and among those with non-adherence, 58% did not comply with the administration schedule. A statistically significant positive relationship was found between health literacy and education level, and a negative relationship between health literacy and the frequency of medication administration.

Conclusion: health literacy was characterized as inadequate or problematic. The score related to adherence to oral chemotherapy was high. Low general health literacy did not influence adherence to the oral antineoplastic therapeutic regimen.

Objective: To analyze the literature on Interprofessional Education in Multiprofessional Health Residencies in the context of Primary Health Care in Brazil.

Method: Searches were conducted between September 2023 and January 2024 in the following libraries and databases: Medline/Pubmed; Cochrane Library; Scopus; Embase; Web of Science; SciELO; Lilacs and BDENF via the Virtual Health Library; CAPES Catalog of Theses and Dissertations; Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations; and Google Scholar. The selection was carried out by two researchers independently, using the Rayyan® software. For data analysis, thematic content analysis was used, with the aid of the IRAMUTEQ® software in the results processing phase.

Results: A total of 3,407 texts were identified, of which 1,558 were duplicates, 1,791 were excluded after reading the title and abstracts, and 52 excluded after full-text reading. Six texts were included in the review. The processing resulted in six classes: setting; developed competencies; obstacles; professional relationships; work processes; and outcomes.

Conclusion: The study indicates that Interprofessional Education in Multiprofessional Residencies, joint daily activities among team members, drives changes in training and improves work quality in Primary Health Care, indicating advances, challenges, and paths to strengthen collaborative practices.

Objective: To analyze the epidemiological and clinical profile of tuberculosis in the indigenous population of Mato Grosso (2011-2020).

Method: This is a descriptive study using data recorded in the Information System for Notifiable Diseases (Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação, SINAN). Statistical analyses were performed, stratified by sociodemographic and clinical variables, comparing tuberculosis cases in the general and indigenous populations of Mato Grosso (Brazil), using the chi-square and Fisher's exact tests in SPSS® 25.0. The incidence rates were calculated per 100,000 inhabitants and analyzed over the years and by geographic area via GeoDa® 1.20.0.36 and Qgis® 3.32.1. The data were aggregated by regional health departments.

Results: A total of 11,288 tuberculosis cases were recorded in the general population and 879 cases in indigenous people, with mean incidence values of 36.3 and 173.1 cases per 100,000 inhabitants, respectively. Indigenous individuals had a higher proportion of women (48.8% vs. 30.3%, p<0.001), young people (10-17 years old: 21.4% vs. 2.3%, p<0.001), pulmonary forms (97.4% vs. 90.0%, p<0.001) and a higher cure rate (88.9% vs. 76.5%, p<0.001). The spatial distribution was heterogeneous in the indigenous population, with predominance in remote areas of the state.

Conclusion: Tuberculosis had higher incidence in the indigenous population of Mato Grosso (2011-2020) when compared to the general population. Among indigenous individuals, there was a higher proportion of affected women and young people, predominance of pulmonary forms and lower frequency of comorbidities.

Objective: To understand the experience of finitude from people with advanced-stage heart failure.

Method: Phenomenological study conducted in a tertiary referral hospital in cardiology, in Fortaleza - CE, from August to October 2022. The participants were 11 patients with advanced-stage heart failure. Data collection was conducted through semi-structured interviews, and the speeches were recorded and transcribed for analysis using Heideggerian hermeneutic circle.

Results: Of the 11 participants, eight were men; ages ranged from 43 to 82 years. The results were processed through the hermeneutic reduction process, which allowed the construction of two categories: (1) Being-with the other in heart illness and finitude, consisting of meanings related to the patients' physical conditions, their limitations and possibilities, and their interpersonal relationships, (2) The construction of being-toward-death, in which patients spoke about their fears, anxieties, perceptions, and concerns in the face of finitude.

Final considerations: The person with heart failure in the perspective of finitude experiences a phenomenon marked by the lack of information about the severity of the disease and the proximity of the end, which hinders the communication of their needs and conscious choices, resulting in an inauthentic existence.

Objective: To evaluate COVID-19 preventive behavior and associated factors in nursing students.

Methods: Cross-sectional study carried out between March and October 2023, involving 126 nursing graduates. An instrument was applied to assess the knowledge, behaviors, symptoms, and vaccination status in regard to COVID-19. COVID-19 tests were carried out to detect IgG/IgM antibodies, as well as RT-PCR. Descriptive and multivariate analyses were performed.

Results: 54.8% of participants reported they followed the recommendations for preventing and controlling the spread of COVID-19 and 10.3% said they used masks in crowded situations in open spaces, while 41.3% said they did so in closed places. All participants obtained reactive results for antibodies against COVID-19 and reported being vaccinated, with no cases of active infection. Factors associated with adequate preventive behaviors include self-declared black skin color and the use of masks when in crowds.

Conclusion: This study found self-care indicators that may contribute to the development of public policies for disease prevention and health promotion in the university environment.

Objective: To analyze health professionals' knowledge, attitude, and skills before and after implementing the evidence-based practice (EBP) methodology of the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI).

Method: A quasi-experimental study was conducted in a private hospital between June and December 2021 after implementing an institutional evidence-based practice program. Best practice projects in care units were developed according to the JBI framework. The healthcare professionals in the units where the best practice projects were implemented answered a questionnaire that included sociodemographic details and self-assessed EBP. The RedCap platform distributed the survey to the participants' institutional e-mail addresses. Descriptive and inferential statistical analysis were used.

Results: Thirty-five professionals responded to the survey before and after the program was implemented. There was no statistically significant difference between the scores obtained before and after the program's implementation in any domain or total score of the questionnaire (p-0.860). Sociodemographic variables were not associated with better performance in self-assessment.

Conclusion: The EBP skills of the healthcare professionals analyzed showed no improvement after the intervention.