Revista Cubana de Enfermeria最新文献

Different diagnostic methods used for the screening of breast cancer such as clinical examination of breasts, self-examination and mammography are reported. A detailed explanation is given regarding reasons for the indication of mammography which include latent symptoms in non-palpable lesions and asymptomatic cases, as well as the advantages of this diagnostic method. The structure and design of the Subprogram for Early and Preclinical Diagnosis of Breast Cancer are explained and data on the situation of breast cancer in the country are reported. The goal of the survey applied and the structure of the mobile car is briefly presented, as well as the management of the different classifications such as low, mid, high and very high risk. The purpose of this paper is to describe the developmental and supporting actions undertaken by the health staff, especially by the nursing and health promotion staff.

A prospective study is performed in patients who sought for medical care at 2 selected medical offices from "26 de Julio" Teaching Polyclinics, Playa municipality, during July 1st, 1991 and July 31, 1992. These patients presented with acute cervicitis and had vaginal smears with positive cultures of some kind of infection. A study group and a control group were formed and the study was double-blind according to a random sample created for that purpose. Vaginal dressings using 5% propolis were applied to the study group, while daily dressings with Lugol were applied to the control group for 10 consecutive days. A survey was designed and results collected. It is concluded that all patients from the study group did not present with any other symptoms after treatment was completed since negative results were attained in 100% of the smears and 90% achieved a total epithelization of the cervix within 10 days of treatment. The importance of nursing care for the success of treatment is highlighted.

A study was performed on the entire population served by the medical office #36 from the teaching area V of Cienfuegos municipality with the aim of determining the main health problems and the effectiveness of measures designed to eliminate or improve such problems. Among the principal results are: the incorporation of elderly subjects to "Grandparents Clubs", the reduction of smoking and an improvement of sanitary education, although certain difficulties are still present regarding the latter due to increased intestinal parasitic infections.

A restrospective study was performed on patients presenting with status asthmaticus and admitted to the Intensive Care Unit of the Provincial Clinical and Surgical Teaching hospital, Pinar del Río, within a 5-year period and who underwent mechanical ventilation representing 32.65% of the overall number of admissions in the ICU. Fifty seven percent of the patients were women with an average age of 48 years. The mean intubation time was 60 hours. At admission, the patient's clinical condition was assessed, as well as the cause for intubation and ventilatory parameters that are being used up to date. Complications and the mortality rate which increased to 9.38% were also analyzed. All results were compared to the ones from other authors, as well as from the national and international literature.

A retrospective study was made on 9 cases with pains due to advanced head and neck cancer, attended to at the Pain Clinic of the National Institute of Oncology and Radiobiology between 1988 and 1991. An epidural catheter was implanted to these patients at the CNS level for the administration of a morphine solution. 7 patients (77.8%) showed total pain relief; and 2 cases showed easily-controlled slight pains. The most frequent complications were; fever (3 cases) and alterations of the level of consciousness (2 cases). No infections were reported. The importance of an adequate preparation of the patient and a strict follow up, where oncology nursing personnel play an important role, is pointed out.

Due to the importance of the study of the pondostatural development of low birth weight infants, a research was carried out in the Abreus Municipality between June 1988 and May 1989. A survey was made to mothers of all low birth weight infants and medical histories were reviewed to assess the nutritional status and growth development of the infants in their first year of life; health problems during the infant period were taken into account as well as the following variables: sex, place of residence, number of times they had been hospitalized, and visits to outpatient services in the area due to health disorders. Children considered low birth weight infants (under 2,500 g) were the study universe; weight, height, and nutritional status were compared according to Cuban standards. The degree of development attained in our health area, as well as the efficient medical care given there were determined.

The purpose of this work was to show the results attained with the application of computer-assisted simulation in the teaching of the subject Familial Nursing Care. The study was carried out at the Julio Trigo López Faculty of Medical Sciences during the second semester of the 1992-1993 school year. Work was based on 35 students of the fourth year of Nursing Degree. Six (6) computer-assisted simulations were elaborated and 2 instruments were created: Opinion Survey and Written Simulation. 82.4% of the students pointed out advantages in using the Simula software; 82,3% said that it improved their knowledge; and most students said that the Simula method was more useful for their final evaluation and had higher feedback.

This study was made to determine contact with drugs among first-grade students from public and private schools in the Riberao Preto community. The various social classes were considered. We decided to use the concept of social status for out empiric research, which defines it as a group of persons who have a certain number of characteristics in common which can be measured, that is, common status, and which may be defined by different criteria. Schools were classified according to their pupils, and after this initial classification, they were divided into 4 groups. A school was selected by lots from each group. A questionnaire with open and closed questions was used as instrument for data collection. According to the collected data, it was concluded that all pupils, independently from their social and economic level, had a superficial knowledge on drugs: 48.2% of those surveyed said they knew people in their neighbourhood who used drugs; 8.8% referred that they had been offered drugs. Drugs offered to them included; cocaine, marijuana, hashish, cigarettes and toxic pencils. The other 63% referred that nobody had given them any advice regarding drugs.

A retrospective and cross-sectional study was carried out on a total of 92 patients admitted at the Intensive Care Unit of the Santiago de Cuba's Heart Center between April 1992 and June 1993, who underwent surgery for myocardial revascularization. We point out the skilled and dedicated attention of the intensive care nurse in the preparation of the patients, during the operation, and in the postoperative period, having a favorable influence on the general mortality which occurred only in 1.8%.

A case study was carried out in a hospital to determine differences in health status, working environment, and spare-time activities among a group of nurses doing day and night shifts. 25% of the night shift nurses were selected for the study; an equal number of nurses of the same hospital who did not do night shifts were taken as controls. Health disorders due to night-shift working conditions as well as aspects that may or not influence personal satisfaction in this working activity are indicated.