Revista Cubana de Enfermeria最新文献

A cross sectional study of 20 nursing baccalaureates, 14 heads of department, 4 methodologists and 2 professors from the faculties of medical sciences of the country was conducted with the objective of assessing the efficiency of the introductory course for future nursing baccalaureates, and of suggesting new topics for its development. A formulary was applied by using the survey method. Primary data were taken and processed by a traditional statistical method. It was proved that 95% of the sample considered this course as important, whereas 85% expressed that students were little motivated, and 35% recommended to make it langer.

A descriptive and retrospective study of 95 patients from the "Ambrosio Grillo" and "Saturnino Lora" Hospitals, in Santiago de Cuba, was conducted between January and December, 1995, aimed at showing the rehabilitation of the diabetic patients, who have had a limb amputated due to vascular disease. These patients are a sample of the universe of lower limb amputees as a results of vascular disease. Diabetes mellitus increased the affection of the distal arterial arbor, which explains its high incidence among amputeez. The amputation of a lower limb is very significant for a patient, and it is considered as the final stage of the treatment since the patient's life is in danger due to a severe generalized sepsis of the extremity. General data from the medical histories, variables of interest as clinical data, risk factors, socioeconomic data, occupational category, and foot care were taken into consideration. Most of the patients were 60-70. Females prevailed and the time of evolution of diabetes mellitus was over 10 years. The rehabilitation activities include the psychical, physical and social aspects, and are carried out by a specialized working group.

At present diabetes mellitus is a health problem that increases as the society develops. A retrospective and descriptive investigation was made with 21 diabetic patients from the health area of the "Josue País García" Polyclinic, in Santiago de Cuba, from January to December, 1994. The survey used included the following variables: age, sex, occupation, attendance to the Diabetic Care Center, distribution according to the type of diabetes, knowledge of this disease, participation in physical exercises and fulfillment of the therapeutic. There was a predominance of female patients over 46 and of non-insulin dependent or type II patients. The completion of the essential aspects in the treatment of these patients was proved in 76.1% of the sample.

This study is based on a pedagogical experience obtained with the use of computerized simulations in the baccalaureate degree program. It consists in preparing under certain technical norms a situation reflecting a real event the student will face in the future. It is aimed at showing the level of effectiveness attained by automated simulations in Nursing education, comparing it with the traditional methods (seminars). Two groups were organized to this end: a case base study with simulations, and a control group with the traditional method. 38 4th-year nursing students who were passing through the Community Health Nursing rotation took part in this study. On analyzing the results by frequent evaluations and final tests, it was proved that it is easier for students to get 5 at traditional seminars, which may be caused by the rigorousness of simulations, since they measure all the students' decisions individually. Students using simulations obtained better qualitative results in the final evaluation. The time used for the development of simulations was no langer than 15 minutes. Students consider the method as useful, since it allows them, to get closer to computers, to prepare for the future and to develop creativity. It is concluded that simulations should be used as an evaluation system.

The community and social participation as an action has been part of the daily life every group and community. A descriptive and qualitative study of the 2-year period 1994-1996 was conducted to determine the hygienic, sanitary, socioeconomic, sports, cultural and health transformation occurred at the circumscription # 73 of the ABalcón Arimao@ People's Council, in La Lisa municipality, which is located in an insalubrious suburb with a high criminal rate, school dropout and unemployment, that is subjected to social actions. The method of Experience Systematization of Oscar Hara in 5 times was applied and included in the living process of this community in addition to life histories. The most important achievement was to gather all the social members of the community, with their mobilization capacity, under the leadership of the main conductors of the process through an innovative methodology starting from its context. Positive changes were observed in the life style and the health status of the population.

An informative descriptive study is conducted aimed at making nurses know about some essential aspects of suicide (characteristics, risk, indicators, methods for diagnosis and intervention) in order to increase the effectiveness of their role in the prevention of this health problem, having determined previously the information needs of these professionals. It is analyzed how useful it is the utilization of the nursing care process to approach those patients and families with suicide risk. The main signs of danger for suicidal behavior, as well as the essential risk factors and the most important methods to detect both indicators early are explained. Nurses are also instructed what to do with a patient with suicidal indicators and his family. It is concluded that a better training of these professionals will contribute to reduce the suicide impact on the community.

A descriptive and prospective study of 73 patients suffering from retinitis pigmentosa, who were attended at the Provincial Center of Retinitis Pigmentosa, in Santiago de Cuba, from January to May, 1996, was conducted aimed at emphasizing the nurse's role in the application of ozonotherapy. There are different ways to administer this gast: autohemotherapy, intramuscular, artrectal insufflation. The information obtained was manually processed and percentage was used as a summary measure. The predominance of young and male patients is among the main results. Most of the patients were in stage II and III of the disease, and the rectal administration of ozone was the most used. This last aspect shows the significance of the nurse-patient relationship, which contributed decisively to the acceptance of rectal administration that was rejected by a great number of patients.

The critical neurosurgical patient requires specialized nursing care. His satisfactory recovery depend an our nurses's work, since their permanence beside the patient and an appropriate treatment make them indispensable. A descriptive and retrospective study of 68 neurosurgical patients admitted at the Intermediate Therapy Unit of the "Gustavo Alderguia" Clinical ans Surgical Teaching Hospital was conducted to determine within the Nursing Care Process (NCP) the main specific nursing procedures and those variables of interest, such as sex, age, type of operation, NCP, mechanical ventilation, medication, evolution, and the nursing procedures carried out. A computerized system was used to analyze the data and the chi-square test of statistical significance. Of the 68 patients studied, 33 were males (p < 0.001). Patients aged 26-30 were the most affected. 13 patients were operated on, and NCP was performed in 20% of the cases. The most important nursing care activities were the vital signs checking, the measurement of diuresis, and the active surveillance of neurological focalization and phlebitis (p < 0.001).

A study on the results obtained in 20 patients selected by the simple randomized method, who were preoperatively prepared for colorectal surgery with the oral administration of manitol and complementary antimicrobial therapeutics at the ASaturnino Lora@ Provincial Teaching Hospital, in Santiago de Cuba, from January to December, 1995, was conducted aimed at evaluating the results attained with the use of manitol in the preoperative preparation for colorectal surgery, determining its complications, analyzing its advantages, and assessing the patient, nurse and surgeon's opinion about the new procedure. The following variables were taken into account: age, preoperative diagnosis and previous operations. The percentage statistical method was used. Most of the patients were elderly, who were able to undergo surgery. There were no complications in connection with the preoperative preparation, which has the following advantages: it is simpler and more efficient that the traditional use of enemas, it is easy to apply, it saves time and resources on reducing the preoperative stay, it is considered as more comfortable for patients and nurses, and it is much more economic and effective, which was proved by surgeons during the operation.

Manuscripts submitted at meetings do not necessarily qualify as scientific papers since they do not adjust themselves to the objectives and structures required. It was concluded through this analysis that a scientific paper is an essential part of the proceeds of scientific research, which is not complete unless their results are published. Such a reason motivated us to conduct this study aimed at updating the methodological structure of the scientific paper, allowing those nursing professionals who review and prepare these texts to develop abilities in this sense, increasing the number and quality of the articles to be published. This bibliographic or documentary review was based on the study on PAHO's documents and from other Cuban authors that devote their time to examine these aspects. The nursing personnel will be able to improve and update their knowledge in this field and on the methodological structure of the scientific paper by this schematic information. This will influence on the quality, scientific and technical level, and national and international projection of the Cuban Journal of Nursing.