Revista Cubana de Enfermeria最新文献

Hospitals' history goes back to ancient times, but the present conception is only a creation of the 18th Century, as a result of the French Revolution, spread around the world by the most progressive men at the time. Among them there were a number of physicians who, throughout their disciples, helped to improve that work and transmit it from generation to generation.

A study was conducted en 100 workers from Flor Crombet Contingent in Yateras municipality, province of Guantánamo. Ninety-six men and 4 women out of 100 workers studied had health certificates, most of them made by nurses or physicians, thus sparing the need to go to a polyclinic and saving working hours. When visiting work places, it was observed that workers who did not use protective means were aware of their importance and instructions were imparted that work be carried out in places with lower risk, an order which was fulfilled immediately since there is no lack of promotion, but lack of protective means in the enterprise. One hundred percent of the workers are involved in health education programs.

A discussion is carried out about the foundations of operating room nursing, emphasizing the strict fulfillment of kidney transplantation intraoperative care. A description is made of the training for surgical nurses, their responsibility in keeping asepsis and their work during kidney transplantation surgery; the job of the instrumentalists, the way they should be prepared for the operations, the knowledge she should have about the surgery they will take part in, following the steps of the operation and helping to diminish the time of the kidney's hot ischemia.

Forty-five patients receiving at least 5 sessions of hyperbaric oxygenation treatment were studied. Mean values of pulse rate were calculated during the different regimes of the session, as well as mean values of blood pressure before and after each treatment in order to assess the influence of hyperbaric oxygenation upon these parameters. With the hyperbaric oxygenation dosages employed in the group of patients studied, the variations of these parameters are not statistically significant. However, the behavior observed corresponds directly with the pressures used.

The work of nursing personnel with patients receiving treatment with hyperbaric oxygenation is intended mainly to prepare the patients and provide care and psychological support. Hyperbaric oxygenation as a therapeutic method was included in Cuba's Health System in 1986. Hyperbaric oxygenation is applied in different diseases, both alone and as supportive treatment for clinical or surgical therapy and it is based on the significant increased oxygen dissolved in the plasma when gas pressure is increased to a proper dosage using hyperbaric chambers. Nursing personnel plays a very important role in providing care to patients and the team is in charge of the security measures and techniques. Hyperbaric oxygenation has proved to be effective for the treatment of anaerobic sepsis, intoxication due to carbon monoxide, peritonitis, gastroduodenal ulcers, liver diseases, osteomyelitis, as a support for grafting and transplants and other diseases.

The technique of phophylaxis for allergic reactions due to contrast test in X-rays was applied in a group of 101 patients (20-60 years old). An antihistaminic (Promethazine 25 mg) and a corticosteroid (Hydrocortizone 100 mg or prednisol 60) were administered intravenously before the test. The prophylactic technique is described and satisfactory results are shown in all patients undergoing the contrast test. Undesirable effects of iodine substances in patients without an iodine allergy history were avoided with the use of this method in tests such as descending urogram, cytography, fistulography, etc. The use of drugs in the symptomatic treatment of undesirable effects of iodine in contrast test is suggested in some medical literature. This paper is the result of an experiment of a medical team from CIMEQ.

During hemodialysis the complications associated with hemodynamic and osmolarity changes often make difficult the dialytic procedure. To make these complications diminish, a number of technical procedures have been developed, including use of bicarbonate and increased sodium concentration in the dialized. In order to explore the latter procedure, 30 hemodialysis cases were studied, 15 of them with standard sodium (135 mmol/L) and 15 with increased sodium (150 mmol/L) during the first half of the dialysis. In the 2 groups intradialytic complications were assessed and the increased weight in the later interdialytic period. Hypotension occurred in 20% of the hemodialysis cases with normal sodium and in none of those with increased sodium. The average weight increase in the interdialytic periods was 1,486 hk +/- 0.946 and 2,526 kg +/- 1,122 for hemodialysis with normal and increased sodium, respectively. It is concluded that the procedure is useful in hemodynamically unstable patients, whenever interdialytic weight gain is controlled.

Systematic physical training influences upon a series of changes which occurs in the body, not only improves the cardiovascular functioning, but every organ and system, it increases the functional capacity of the individual, reduces tension due to stress and controls arterial tension figures. Regarding the aforementioned aspects, a study in 50 patients representing 100% of hypertensive subjects involved in a physical exercise program without any other associated disease is made with the aim of determining the influence of systematic physical activity upon the treatment of arterial hypertension. Results show that in most of the patients who previously had high tension values, hypertension was controlled or improved by systematic physical training and the use of drugs was also reduced or eliminated.

A study by a survey about sexuality in adolescents was performed in 218, subjects aged 14-19 years with the aim of knowing the level of sexual intercourse practice, the degree of sexual information and the use of contraceptive methods and history of pregnancy by age and sex. In the analysis made it was found that 51% of the sample have sexual intercourse since early adolescents. The majority has information about contraceptive methods. Only 66% of adolescents who have sexual intercourse is protected against impregnation or infections; 38 have no protection at all. The most effective contraceptive methods for this group such as condom or diaphragm are not known or not used by them. 61% of young people who has sexual intercourse had a history of pregnancy, most of them having given birth to a child in first place, followed by uterine curettage and as a result they left school and a few began to work. The family doctor and the nurse must provide sexual education to the family due to the relation they have with their population.