Revista Cubana de Enfermeria最新文献

A study on infant mortality was carried out in the Chiqui Gómez health area of Santa Clara City during a 5-year period (1988-1992). Data were collected from the Statistics Department; analyses of familial health records; medical micro-histories of pregnant women in family doctors' home offices; and from the supervision report of the Basic Work Group; diagnostic health status of the area was also taken into account. The method employed was descriptive and analytic. The study is concluded with the evaluation of the fulfillment of the Maternal-Child Program as satisfactory in this health area. Causes of death in the first place were main perinatal disorders and congenital anomalies. Factors having a higher incidence in infant mortality in the study are; short intergenesic period; delivery before the 37th week of pregnancy; pregnancy in adolescence; and low birth weight. There is an evident relationship between pregnancy in adolescence and low birth weight; the results attained in prenatal care and infant care prior to children's death are considered adequate.

A descriptive study was carried out on the main aspects related to the rehabilitation of neurological and neurosurgical patients. A review was made on books, symposium papers and theses; specialists were also consulted. Several variables were studied, among them, basic objectives and purposes of the rehabilitation program; peculiarities of the patient's psychologic adaptation to physical disability; assessment of handicaps; and the nurse's role in rehabilitation.

A descriptive study was performed in a population of 181 chronic diabetic patients or both sexes from the medical office No. 2, Chillán with the aim of determining their self-care capacities and factors related to this capacity. A self-care capacity scale based on a study about requirements and self-care capabilities developed by Joan E. Backacneider, was made up. This scale was applied with the purpose of measuring physical, medical, emotional, and motivational capabilities, as well as health orientation for the diabetic patient. Results obtained suggest that only 18.3% of these patients have a high self-care capacity, while 81.7% does not have this kind of capacity. Also it is concluded that factors associated with this self-care capability in these patients are self-confidence, schooling level, occupational status, and social and economic situation.

A study is performed with the aim of knowing the significance of the family nurse work in maternal and infant care. A review of the medical records from pregnant women is made using a sample of 27 patients from the Medical Office No. 49 of the Family Doctor from the health area of "Asdrúbal López" teaching and Community Polyclinics, Guantánamo Province, from January, 1989 to December, 1990. An analysis is made concerning interesting variables such as: the predominant age groups of pregnant women was 15-19 years (41%); schooling level, secondary level (41%); marital status, single women (22%), early attendance (78%) and weighted evaluation of normal weight (63%). The results of the electrophoresis of hemoglobin AA group (96%) and alpha-fetoprotein (82%) were normal. The results of serology in the first trimester was not reactive in 96% and in the third trimester in 93% of patients.

Cases requiring home admission from 3 medical offices of "Pedro Borras" Community Teaching Polyclinics were studied during November, 1988-1989. The descriptive method was used. Satisfaction among patients and their family was evidenced with home admission, and at the same time allows active participation of the family in the health care and recovery process of the patient. It also contributes to the proper utilization of hospital beds for patients who need hospitalization and better care is provided to patients with end-stage diseases who were discharged from hospitals without a proper health care at their homes.

Certain aspects regarding benefits provided by physical exercise in the elderly are reported. A. group of 100 elderly subjects from the medical office No. 13 of "Dr. Carlos J. Finlay" Teaching Polyclinics were numbered and a survey was applied analysing age, sex, time and frequency of physical exercise. Benefits and satisfaction provided by physical training and results obtained are reported in this work. A remarkable improvement in health status of elderly subjects was found; 52% reported to feel well and 48% to feel not bad. Regarding symptoms, 100% had joint pain; 89% improved with physical exercise. From the total number of patients who received drugs for different conditions, 36% stopped medication and 47% reduced the dosage. Support and care by the family doctor and the nurse represent a very significant aspect for elderly persons.

This work was carried out to be presented in the V Congress of the Nursing Cuban Society because pregnancy in adolescence is a matter of great concern. It is very important to call the attention of all those persons involved in this kind of situation because of the familial and social consequences. The research was performed at "Dr. Carlos Diez del Ciervo" Hospital during 1989-1990, with 1550 cases and variables considered were: number of deliveries, residential location, and beginning of sexual function. Conclusions and recommendations are included.

A study on the prevalence of leprosy is performed in "Emilio Daudinot" polyclinics, Guantanamo. The behaviour of leprosy according to clinical manifestations and results showing that lepromatous leprosy is the most frequent form, as well as the number of positive patients and the ones who present reactional status, are reported. The clinical course according to skin and general manifestations is analyzed, and it was determined that the greatest number of cases improved with treatment. Likewise, it was found that the greatest number of positive patients require a 1-4 year period for becoming negative. The immunologic status of cases studied according to the different clinical forms is reported and it was observed that the greatest number of cases are immunologically depressed which agrees with the fact that most of patients have the lepromatous form. Nurses play a very important role for the control and treatment of these patients.

Sixty women having hypertension during pregnancy were studied. A predominancy of age groups 20-24 years for a 28.3% was documented. The degree of participation of the multidisciplinary medical team is essential, as well as the close relation with the health area, since 94% of patients were recruited early and 80% received home visits by the family doctor and the nurse. There gas a predominancy of 23 cases with secondary school level for a 38%. Treatment was found to reduce arterial tension and satisfactory results were obtained for both the mother and the child.

The authors described an exploration study about nursing care which has been developed as out-patient treatment at the Diabetes Department of the University-Ceara in Brazil. The main goal of the study was to assess patients' return to subsequent visits. The data were collected from September 1989 to October 1989. The results reached showed the importance of visits for nursing care.