D. Tegeltija, A. Lovrenski, Milana Panjković, Ž. Eri, I. Klem
Testicular fibroma is a rare benign tumor of gradual growth, usually in the third and fourth decade, in the form of a hypoechogenous nodule with clear boundaries and is usually not accompanied by hormonal abnormalities. Metastasis and recurrence of disease were not noted. A 40-year-old male saught medical attention due to pain in the lower back that spread to the pubic bones and the groin. During physical examination, a painless nodule with clear boundaries was palpated in the right testicle, and the ultrasonographic examination revealed hypoechogenic zone with vague boundaries of about 10 mm in diameter. Standard biochemical analyses of blood and urine tests and tumor markers (CEA, CA 125, CA 19-9, AFP and βHCG) were within the physiological limit. Histopathologic analysis set a diagnosis of testicular fibroma. The absence of sex cords in the tumor tissue made it possible to diagnose the patient using standard staining methods, but in cases where these elements can be histologically verified, immunohistochemical analysis should be introduced into a routine diagnostic algorithm.
{"title":"Testicular (gonadal stromal) fibroma: case report","authors":"D. Tegeltija, A. Lovrenski, Milana Panjković, Ž. Eri, I. Klem","doi":"10.2298/AOO1202026T","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/AOO1202026T","url":null,"abstract":"Testicular fibroma is a rare benign tumor of gradual growth, usually in the third and fourth decade, in the form of a hypoechogenous nodule with clear boundaries and is usually not accompanied by hormonal abnormalities. Metastasis and recurrence of disease were not noted. A 40-year-old male saught medical attention due to pain in the lower back that spread to the pubic bones and the groin. During physical examination, a painless nodule with clear boundaries was palpated in the right testicle, and the ultrasonographic examination revealed hypoechogenic zone with vague boundaries of about 10 mm in diameter. Standard biochemical analyses of blood and urine tests and tumor markers (CEA, CA 125, CA 19-9, AFP and βHCG) were within the physiological limit. Histopathologic analysis set a diagnosis of testicular fibroma. The absence of sex cords in the tumor tissue made it possible to diagnose the patient using standard staining methods, but in cases where these elements can be histologically verified, immunohistochemical analysis should be introduced into a routine diagnostic algorithm.","PeriodicalId":35645,"journal":{"name":"Archive of Oncology","volume":"20 1","pages":"26-27"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2298/AOO1202026T","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68401240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Catarina Mota, Vasconcelos Brasil, T. Ribeiro, Tenório de França, J. Freire, Lisboa de Castro
Oral mucositis is one of the most common oral complications of cancer treatment. Studies have shown some interventions that reduce the severity of this condition, but there is not a specific treatment proved that really prevents or treats mucositis efficiently. The aim of this paper was to provide a literature review for better understanding of the management of oral mucositis. Pubmed and Scopus were used in order to identify research articles published between 2005 and 2012 in English language. A search term combination that included stomatitis, mucositis, lasers, complimentary therapies, amino acids, antioxidants, vitamins, minerals, plant extracts, and cryotherapy was conducted. A large number of therapeutic strategies to prevent and treat oral mucositis have been shown in studies and growth factors, including palifermin, appear as one of the most innovative drugs used in the management of oral mucositis. Understanding the physiopathological basis of mucositis can lead to the development of target drugs’ therapies. In addition, clinical trials should be conducted in order to determine an efficient protocol of treatment.
{"title":"Management of oral mucositis","authors":"Catarina Mota, Vasconcelos Brasil, T. Ribeiro, Tenório de França, J. Freire, Lisboa de Castro","doi":"10.2298/AOO1204057D","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/AOO1204057D","url":null,"abstract":"Oral mucositis is one of the most common oral complications of cancer treatment. Studies have shown some interventions that reduce the severity of this condition, but there is not a specific treatment proved that really prevents or treats mucositis efficiently. The aim of this paper was to provide a literature review for better understanding of the management of oral mucositis. Pubmed and Scopus were used in order to identify research articles published between 2005 and 2012 in English language. A search term combination that included stomatitis, mucositis, lasers, complimentary therapies, amino acids, antioxidants, vitamins, minerals, plant extracts, and cryotherapy was conducted. A large number of therapeutic strategies to prevent and treat oral mucositis have been shown in studies and growth factors, including palifermin, appear as one of the most innovative drugs used in the management of oral mucositis. Understanding the physiopathological basis of mucositis can lead to the development of target drugs’ therapies. In addition, clinical trials should be conducted in order to determine an efficient protocol of treatment.","PeriodicalId":35645,"journal":{"name":"Archive of Oncology","volume":"20 1","pages":"57-61"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2298/AOO1204057D","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68401327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Remission during sunitinib (a multikinase inhibitor and antiangiogenic drug) treatment correlates with appearance of macrocytosis. There are some suggestions that bevacizumab, an antiangiogenic drug, may result in macrocytosis as well. There are no published data available on the influence of bevacizumab on macrocytosis. This paper attempted to answer the question: does bevacizumab induce macrocytosis being a predictor of the response? Methods: Between August 2008 and August 2011, 53 patients (29 male and 24 female) were treated with bevacizumab in the combination with chemotherapy at the Oncological Department, University Hospital in Krakow, Poland. Efficacy of bevacizumab was assessed on the basis of the computer tomography scans performed every 3 months within the period of 12 months. Concurrently, mean corpuscular volume (MCV) was evaluated and correlated to the response of the treatment. Results: The percentage increase of MCV compared to baseline at 3, 6, 9 and 12 months was 3.7%, 9.2%, 8.7% and 11.8% respectively. The mean value of baseline MCV was 85.3 fl. The mean value of MCV at 3, 6, 9 and 12 months was 90.5 fl, 93 fl, 91.8 fl and 93.1 fl respectively. Macrocytosis did not occur in our study but an increase of MCV was observed within bevacizumab therapy. It was closely related to the response of the treatment. It seems that an increase of MCV can be a predictive agent of bevacizumab response. Conclusion: Bevacizumab does not induce macrocytosis. Increased MCV after treatment with bevacizumab is related to the treatment response. MCV can be a predictor of the response during bevacizumab treatment. A small number of the observed patients requires further investigations.
{"title":"Increased mean corpuscular volume as a predictor of response during bevacizumab treatment","authors":"Lidia Aneta Zygulska, K. Krzemieniecki","doi":"10.2298/AOO1202015Z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/AOO1202015Z","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Remission during sunitinib (a multikinase inhibitor and antiangiogenic drug) treatment correlates with appearance of macrocytosis. There are some suggestions that bevacizumab, an antiangiogenic drug, may result in macrocytosis as well. There are no published data available on the influence of bevacizumab on macrocytosis. This paper attempted to answer the question: does bevacizumab induce macrocytosis being a predictor of the response? Methods: Between August 2008 and August 2011, 53 patients (29 male and 24 female) were treated with bevacizumab in the combination with chemotherapy at the Oncological Department, University Hospital in Krakow, Poland. Efficacy of bevacizumab was assessed on the basis of the computer tomography scans performed every 3 months within the period of 12 months. Concurrently, mean corpuscular volume (MCV) was evaluated and correlated to the response of the treatment. Results: The percentage increase of MCV compared to baseline at 3, 6, 9 and 12 months was 3.7%, 9.2%, 8.7% and 11.8% respectively. The mean value of baseline MCV was 85.3 fl. The mean value of MCV at 3, 6, 9 and 12 months was 90.5 fl, 93 fl, 91.8 fl and 93.1 fl respectively. Macrocytosis did not occur in our study but an increase of MCV was observed within bevacizumab therapy. It was closely related to the response of the treatment. It seems that an increase of MCV can be a predictive agent of bevacizumab response. Conclusion: Bevacizumab does not induce macrocytosis. Increased MCV after treatment with bevacizumab is related to the treatment response. MCV can be a predictor of the response during bevacizumab treatment. A small number of the observed patients requires further investigations.","PeriodicalId":35645,"journal":{"name":"Archive of Oncology","volume":"20 1","pages":"15-16"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2298/AOO1202015Z","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68401155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Y. Abadi, A. Mowlavi, R. Izadi, N. Abadi, M. Ghorbani
SUMMARY Background: Radiochromic films are one of the useful radiation dosimeters. MD-55-2 and HS radiochromic films have been previously used in medical dosimetry applications. The aim of this study is calculation and comparison of responses of MD-55-2 and HS radiochromic films to gamma rays of 60 Co radioisotope. Methods: The sensitivity of MD-55-2 radiochromic film to 60 Co gamma rays has been calculated and compared with that of HS film. The films were defined as multiple layers and different tallies of MCNPX Monte Carlo code were scored in water and Perspex phantoms. Results: Following simulation of the radiochromic films irradiated by a 60 Co source, it was evident that the sensitivity of a three-layer and a two-layer MD-55-2 film to that of a single-layer film is 2.95-fold and 1.94-fold higher, respectively. Furthermore, the sensitivity of a HS film is 1.0, 1.5 and 2.92 times higher compared to a MD-55-2 film, respectively with 3, 2 and 1 layers. Comparing the outputs of F6, *F8 and mesh tallies indicate that the F6 and mesh tallies have the same results but the differences between the results obtained by F6 and *F8 tallies are about 5.8% for the MD-55-2 film and 10.5% for the HS film. Conclusion: Our results show that the sensitivity of MD-55-2 film increases with a relatively linear trend with the number of film layers. Besides, the sensitivity of the HS film is about 2 times higher than that of the MD-55-2 film. Our results are in agreement with the previously published experimental results.
{"title":"Calculation and comparison of MD-55-2 and HS radiochromic films’ responses to the 60Co gamma rays","authors":"A. Y. Abadi, A. Mowlavi, R. Izadi, N. Abadi, M. Ghorbani","doi":"10.2298/AOO1204049A","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/AOO1204049A","url":null,"abstract":"SUMMARY Background: Radiochromic films are one of the useful radiation dosimeters. MD-55-2 and HS radiochromic films have been previously used in medical dosimetry applications. The aim of this study is calculation and comparison of responses of MD-55-2 and HS radiochromic films to gamma rays of 60 Co radioisotope. Methods: The sensitivity of MD-55-2 radiochromic film to 60 Co gamma rays has been calculated and compared with that of HS film. The films were defined as multiple layers and different tallies of MCNPX Monte Carlo code were scored in water and Perspex phantoms. Results: Following simulation of the radiochromic films irradiated by a 60 Co source, it was evident that the sensitivity of a three-layer and a two-layer MD-55-2 film to that of a single-layer film is 2.95-fold and 1.94-fold higher, respectively. Furthermore, the sensitivity of a HS film is 1.0, 1.5 and 2.92 times higher compared to a MD-55-2 film, respectively with 3, 2 and 1 layers. Comparing the outputs of F6, *F8 and mesh tallies indicate that the F6 and mesh tallies have the same results but the differences between the results obtained by F6 and *F8 tallies are about 5.8% for the MD-55-2 film and 10.5% for the HS film. Conclusion: Our results show that the sensitivity of MD-55-2 film increases with a relatively linear trend with the number of film layers. Besides, the sensitivity of the HS film is about 2 times higher than that of the MD-55-2 film. Our results are in agreement with the previously published experimental results.","PeriodicalId":35645,"journal":{"name":"Archive of Oncology","volume":"20 1","pages":"49-52"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2298/AOO1204049A","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68401263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bahreyni Toossi, M. Ghorbani, A. A. Mowlavi, A. Hashemian, Soleimani Ali Meigooni
SUMMARY Background: Treatment planning systems (TPSs) are used for dose calculations in dose delivery by afterload- ing brachytherapy machines. Such planning systems usually use simplified algorithms in their dose calculations. Verification of dose distributions produced by TPS is of clinical importance and is part of a quality assurance program. In this study, the dose distributions generated by GZP6 TPS for two GZP6 sources were verified. Methods: The evaluation was based on the inter comparisons between the isodose curves obtained through Monte Carlo simulations, radiochromic film measurements, and GZP6 treatment planning system. MCNPX Monte Carlo code was used to simulate the sources. Dose measurements were performed in a perspex phantom using Gafchromic® EBT radiochromic films. Comparisons between the results obtained from MC, RCF, and TPS were performed by gamma function calculations with 5% dose/2 mm distance criterion. Results: Based on gamma calculations our results showed that there was good agreement between the dose distribu- tions obtained by the three aforementioned methods in both transverse and longitudinal planes for the GZP6 source No.2. However, for source No. 5, the agreement was good in the transverse plane but it was low in the longitudinal plane. Conclusion: The results showed that dose distributions certified by the GZP6 TPS for the GZP6 source No. 2 were validated. However, for source No. 5 some discrepancies were observed. Accurate knowledge of the activity of each active pellet in the source No. 5 can clarify the cause of the discrepancies.
{"title":"Dose distribution verification for GZP6 sources: a comparison of Monte Carlo, radiochromic film, and GZP6 treatment planning system","authors":"Bahreyni Toossi, M. Ghorbani, A. A. Mowlavi, A. Hashemian, Soleimani Ali Meigooni","doi":"10.2298/AOO1202003T","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/AOO1202003T","url":null,"abstract":"SUMMARY Background: Treatment planning systems (TPSs) are used for dose calculations in dose delivery by afterload- ing brachytherapy machines. Such planning systems usually use simplified algorithms in their dose calculations. Verification of dose distributions produced by TPS is of clinical importance and is part of a quality assurance program. In this study, the dose distributions generated by GZP6 TPS for two GZP6 sources were verified. Methods: The evaluation was based on the inter comparisons between the isodose curves obtained through Monte Carlo simulations, radiochromic film measurements, and GZP6 treatment planning system. MCNPX Monte Carlo code was used to simulate the sources. Dose measurements were performed in a perspex phantom using Gafchromic® EBT radiochromic films. Comparisons between the results obtained from MC, RCF, and TPS were performed by gamma function calculations with 5% dose/2 mm distance criterion. Results: Based on gamma calculations our results showed that there was good agreement between the dose distribu- tions obtained by the three aforementioned methods in both transverse and longitudinal planes for the GZP6 source No.2. However, for source No. 5, the agreement was good in the transverse plane but it was low in the longitudinal plane. Conclusion: The results showed that dose distributions certified by the GZP6 TPS for the GZP6 source No. 2 were validated. However, for source No. 5 some discrepancies were observed. Accurate knowledge of the activity of each active pellet in the source No. 5 can clarify the cause of the discrepancies.","PeriodicalId":35645,"journal":{"name":"Archive of Oncology","volume":"20 1","pages":"3-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2298/AOO1202003T","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68401129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ðordje Popovic, L. Popović, E. Stokic, D. Tomić-Naglić, M. Mitrović, B. Kovačev-Zavišić
Diabetes mellitus type 2 and malignant diseases are among the most frequent causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Number of studies showed that breast carcinoma and other cancers are more frequent and have worse prognosis in patients with diabetes. The mechanisms of effect of type 2 diabetes to frequency and prognosis of breast carcinoma are complex and besides a direct effect of insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia and hyperglycemia, they include the effect of accompanying obesity and anti-diabetic therapy. One of the anti-diabetic drugs that reduces frequency and improves prognosis of breast carcinoma is metformin. Anticancer effects of metformin are indirect (insulin dependent) and direct (insulin independent). Insulin-dependent and insulin-independent antitumor effect of metformin opens the door for implementation of this drug in therapy and prevention of breast cancer and other malignant diseases even in patients without type 2 diabetes. This paper presents literature data on mechanisms of type 2 diabetes impact to the risk of development and prognosis of breast cancer and the anticancer potential of metformin.
{"title":"Influence of metformin therapy on breast cancer incidence and prognosis","authors":"Ðordje Popovic, L. Popović, E. Stokic, D. Tomić-Naglić, M. Mitrović, B. Kovačev-Zavišić","doi":"10.2298/AOO1204062P","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/AOO1204062P","url":null,"abstract":"Diabetes mellitus type 2 and malignant diseases are among the most frequent causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Number of studies showed that breast carcinoma and other cancers are more frequent and have worse prognosis in patients with diabetes. The mechanisms of effect of type 2 diabetes to frequency and prognosis of breast carcinoma are complex and besides a direct effect of insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia and hyperglycemia, they include the effect of accompanying obesity and anti-diabetic therapy. One of the anti-diabetic drugs that reduces frequency and improves prognosis of breast carcinoma is metformin. Anticancer effects of metformin are indirect (insulin dependent) and direct (insulin independent). Insulin-dependent and insulin-independent antitumor effect of metformin opens the door for implementation of this drug in therapy and prevention of breast cancer and other malignant diseases even in patients without type 2 diabetes. This paper presents literature data on mechanisms of type 2 diabetes impact to the risk of development and prognosis of breast cancer and the anticancer potential of metformin.","PeriodicalId":35645,"journal":{"name":"Archive of Oncology","volume":"20 1","pages":"62-69"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2298/AOO1204062P","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68401344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Prostate cancer is the ninth-most-common cancer in the world and the most common life-threatening cancer affecting men in the western countries. More than 80% of men will develop prostate cancer by the age of 80. Physiologically, choline is a component of cell membranes. It presents a high affinity for malignant prostate tissue. Choline, labeled with 11C or 18F is the essential part of most sensitive nuclear medicine procedure for imaging of spread of prostate cancer today. 11C-choline is preferred due to lower urinary excretion and patient exposure. Due to shorter half-life time of 11C (20 minutes), 18F-choline (half-life time of 110 minutes) is more useful for possible distribution to centers lacking on-site cyclotron. The sensitivity of 18F-choline PET/CT to detect prostate cancer preoperatively is 73%, greater than with 18F-FDG PET/CT (31%). Also, the accuracy is greater with 18F-choline PET/ CT (67%) than using 18F-FDG PET/CT (53%). The major goal of pretherapeutic imaging with 18F-choline PET/CT is detection of loco-regional and distant metastases. The exact pretherapeutic diagnosis and staging are mandatory, because the tumor treatment must be selected in strict dependence on the clinical tumor stage and risk profile. In patients with biochemical relapse after the radical prostatectomy or radiotherapy of prostate cancer, 18F-choline PET/CT represents a noninvasive, whole body study that allows disease localization. Detection sensitivity is negatively correlated with serum PSA concentration (ng/ml) and positively correlated with Gleason score. 18F-choline PET/CT is becoming the essential imaging modality in patients with prostate cancer to demonstrate spread of the disease preoperatively and to detect local and distant recurrent disease after radical prostatectomy or radiotherapy.
{"title":"Is there the role of 18F-choline PET/CT in prostate cancer patients?","authors":"M. Hodolič","doi":"10.2298/AOO1204084H","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/AOO1204084H","url":null,"abstract":"Prostate cancer is the ninth-most-common cancer in the world and the most common life-threatening cancer affecting men in the western countries. More than 80% of men will develop prostate cancer by the age of 80. Physiologically, choline is a component of cell membranes. It presents a high affinity for malignant prostate tissue. Choline, labeled with 11C or 18F is the essential part of most sensitive nuclear medicine procedure for imaging of spread of prostate cancer today. 11C-choline is preferred due to lower urinary excretion and patient exposure. Due to shorter half-life time of 11C (20 minutes), 18F-choline (half-life time of 110 minutes) is more useful for possible distribution to centers lacking on-site cyclotron. The sensitivity of 18F-choline PET/CT to detect prostate cancer preoperatively is 73%, greater than with 18F-FDG PET/CT (31%). Also, the accuracy is greater with 18F-choline PET/ CT (67%) than using 18F-FDG PET/CT (53%). The major goal of pretherapeutic imaging with 18F-choline PET/CT is detection of loco-regional and distant metastases. The exact pretherapeutic diagnosis and staging are mandatory, because the tumor treatment must be selected in strict dependence on the clinical tumor stage and risk profile. In patients with biochemical relapse after the radical prostatectomy or radiotherapy of prostate cancer, 18F-choline PET/CT represents a noninvasive, whole body study that allows disease localization. Detection sensitivity is negatively correlated with serum PSA concentration (ng/ml) and positively correlated with Gleason score. 18F-choline PET/CT is becoming the essential imaging modality in patients with prostate cancer to demonstrate spread of the disease preoperatively and to detect local and distant recurrent disease after radical prostatectomy or radiotherapy.","PeriodicalId":35645,"journal":{"name":"Archive of Oncology","volume":"20 1","pages":"84-85"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2298/AOO1204084H","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68401418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Balenović, J. Mihailovic, M. Jazvić, Anita Tabain, S. Grbac-Ivanković
SUMMARY FDG is the most frequently used positron emission tomography probe but it has certain limitations when used in urological cancers due to its urinary elimination, which prevents the proper visualization of the bladder and kidneys. The introduction of co-registered PET and computed tomography (PET/CT) represents a major advance in technology and now become the new standard for many cancers. For the staging and surveillance of renal cell cancer, FDG PET/ CT had results that were at least as good as conventional methods, which are potentially harmful for the remained renal function. FDG-PET/CT is able to evaluate early response to sunitinib or sorafenib treatment in metastatic renal cell cancer. An early decrease in the mean glucose uptake was found in both soft and skeletal lesions after treatment, thus PET seems to be more advantageous compared with RECIST evaluation. In addition, the survival of patients with advanced renal cell cancer can be predicted by evaluating their SUVmax using FDG-PET/CT.Although urinary bladder cancer demonstrates sufficiently increased FDG uptake, primary tumors are difficult to identify due to the renal excre- tion of FDG. The accuracy of FDG-PET/CT in metabolically active metastases is generally higher when compared to conventional CT except for identifying small lung deposits. PET/CT with delayed images after a diuretic and oral hydra- tion may improve detection of locally recurrent or residual UBC and could replace standard CT and bone scintigraphy in the presurgical staging and monitoring of patients with urinary bladder cancer. 18F-choline PET may be useful for staging of urinary bladder cancer in addition to FDG PET.
{"title":"PET/CT in renal and bladder cancers","authors":"A. Balenović, J. Mihailovic, M. Jazvić, Anita Tabain, S. Grbac-Ivanković","doi":"10.2298/AOO1204097B","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/AOO1204097B","url":null,"abstract":"SUMMARY FDG is the most frequently used positron emission tomography probe but it has certain limitations when used in urological cancers due to its urinary elimination, which prevents the proper visualization of the bladder and kidneys. The introduction of co-registered PET and computed tomography (PET/CT) represents a major advance in technology and now become the new standard for many cancers. For the staging and surveillance of renal cell cancer, FDG PET/ CT had results that were at least as good as conventional methods, which are potentially harmful for the remained renal function. FDG-PET/CT is able to evaluate early response to sunitinib or sorafenib treatment in metastatic renal cell cancer. An early decrease in the mean glucose uptake was found in both soft and skeletal lesions after treatment, thus PET seems to be more advantageous compared with RECIST evaluation. In addition, the survival of patients with advanced renal cell cancer can be predicted by evaluating their SUVmax using FDG-PET/CT.Although urinary bladder cancer demonstrates sufficiently increased FDG uptake, primary tumors are difficult to identify due to the renal excre- tion of FDG. The accuracy of FDG-PET/CT in metabolically active metastases is generally higher when compared to conventional CT except for identifying small lung deposits. PET/CT with delayed images after a diuretic and oral hydra- tion may improve detection of locally recurrent or residual UBC and could replace standard CT and bone scintigraphy in the presurgical staging and monitoring of patients with urinary bladder cancer. 18F-choline PET may be useful for staging of urinary bladder cancer in addition to FDG PET.","PeriodicalId":35645,"journal":{"name":"Archive of Oncology","volume":"20 1","pages":"97-102"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2298/AOO1204097B","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68401805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Molecular imaging and therapy is based on a radiolabeled molecule that binds to a unique feature of a cell. Prostate Specific Membrane Antigen [PSMA] is a complex antigen with an extra-cellular, transmembrane and intra-cellular component that is uniquely expressed on prostate tissue and has a greater degree of expression on prostate carcinoma. The degree of PSMA expression increases with the degree of aggressiveness of the prostate carcinoma. A murine monoclonal antibody [termed J591] has been developed that binds to the extra-cellular epitope of PSMA with a high degree of affinity and specificity. It has been “humanized” and radiolabeled with the radionuclides Indium-111 [useful for imaging], Yttrium-90 [a radiometal that emits a beta particle which is potentially useful for targeted radionuclide therapy], and Lutetium-177 [which also emits a beta particle that is useful for targeted therapy as well as a gamma photon that can be imaged]. Over several years, physicians and scientists in nuclear medicine, urology and medical oncology have evaluated radiolabeled forms of hJ591 for therapy. In general, serum PSA has been used as evidence of recurrent and progressive disease in men with proven prostate carcinoma. The Maximum Tolerated Dose [MTD] for a single administration has been identified as 2.6 GBq (70 mCi)/m2. At this dose, PSA responses have been seen in many patients. The response is very dose-dependant with fewer responses observed at 2.25 GBq/m2. Accordingly, a dose fractionation protocol has been evaluated in which patients receive 2 doses, 2 weeks apart. The MTD for the fractionated protocol is 1.5 GBq/ m2 for a total dose of 3.0 GBq/ m2. Initial studies were performed in patients with advanced metastatic disease. More recently, additional protocols 1) to evaluate the potential efficacy of this therapy in patients with initial evidence of biochemical failure (i.e. rising PSA after initial therapy) and 2) to evaluate the incremental value of radiolabeled J591 as a supplement to Docetaxel chemotherapy.
{"title":"Molecular therapy of prostate carcinoma","authors":"J. Goldsmith","doi":"10.2298/aoo1204149g","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/aoo1204149g","url":null,"abstract":"Molecular imaging and therapy is based on a radiolabeled molecule that binds to a unique feature of a cell. Prostate Specific Membrane Antigen [PSMA] is a complex antigen with an extra-cellular, transmembrane and intra-cellular component that is uniquely expressed on prostate tissue and has a greater degree of expression on prostate carcinoma. The degree of PSMA expression increases with the degree of aggressiveness of the prostate carcinoma. A murine monoclonal antibody [termed J591] has been developed that binds to the extra-cellular epitope of PSMA with a high degree of affinity and specificity. It has been “humanized” and radiolabeled with the radionuclides Indium-111 [useful for imaging], Yttrium-90 [a radiometal that emits a beta particle which is potentially useful for targeted radionuclide therapy], and Lutetium-177 [which also emits a beta particle that is useful for targeted therapy as well as a gamma photon that can be imaged]. Over several years, physicians and scientists in nuclear medicine, urology and medical oncology have evaluated radiolabeled forms of hJ591 for therapy. In general, serum PSA has been used as evidence of recurrent and progressive disease in men with proven prostate carcinoma. The Maximum Tolerated Dose [MTD] for a single administration has been identified as 2.6 GBq (70 mCi)/m2. At this dose, PSA responses have been seen in many patients. The response is very dose-dependant with fewer responses observed at 2.25 GBq/m2. Accordingly, a dose fractionation protocol has been evaluated in which patients receive 2 doses, 2 weeks apart. The MTD for the fractionated protocol is 1.5 GBq/ m2 for a total dose of 3.0 GBq/ m2. Initial studies were performed in patients with advanced metastatic disease. More recently, additional protocols 1) to evaluate the potential efficacy of this therapy in patients with initial evidence of biochemical failure (i.e. rising PSA after initial therapy) and 2) to evaluate the incremental value of radiolabeled J591 as a supplement to Docetaxel chemotherapy.","PeriodicalId":35645,"journal":{"name":"Archive of Oncology","volume":"20 1","pages":"149-151"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2298/aoo1204149g","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68402054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Balogova, M. Vasovic, M. Vereb, L. Kaliská, J. Talbot
The indication of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) imaging has been more disputed in breast carcinoma than in many other primary cancers (e.g. lung, head and neck, colorectal, lymphoma...) due to a limited sensitivity to detect the primary tumours in case of lobular or in situ forms or small sized tumours detected on systematic mammography, and to identify minimal node invasion in the axilla. Nevertheless dedicated PET machines are now proposed to characterise breast lesions. For staging locally advanced or restaging recurrent or metastatic breast cancer, FDG PET/CT has a good diagnostic performance. As a functional whole-body imaging modality, it is able to detect extra-axilar metastatic lymph nodes, distant metastases including in the skeleton, where it outperforms bone scintigraphy or SPECT except in case of osteoblastic lesions, or to discover second primary cancers (around 2% of cases). A potential indication is monitoring response to chemotherapy, to early detect disease resistance or progression. To summarise published results and our own experience, the breast tumour SUVmax decreases with the number of cycles in most patients, including those who will show residual disease on pathology. It is therefore best to perform FDG PET/CT at baseline and after 1 cycle of chemotherapy; the criterion for prediction of an incomplete pathologic response would be a SUVmax reduction <50%. In case of adjuvant chemotherapy, the visual interpretation of FDG PET/CT performed after 5 months may be sufficient to predict disease-free survival; the response to chemotherapy evaluated by FDG PET is a better predictor of recurrence-free survival than pathologic response.
{"title":"Registered and potential indications of FDG PET/CT in breast carcinoma","authors":"S. Balogova, M. Vasovic, M. Vereb, L. Kaliská, J. Talbot","doi":"10.2298/AOO1204152B","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/AOO1204152B","url":null,"abstract":"The indication of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) imaging has been more disputed in breast carcinoma than in many other primary cancers (e.g. lung, head and neck, colorectal, lymphoma...) due to a limited sensitivity to detect the primary tumours in case of lobular or in situ forms or small sized tumours detected on systematic mammography, and to identify minimal node invasion in the axilla. Nevertheless dedicated PET machines are now proposed to characterise breast lesions. For staging locally advanced or restaging recurrent or metastatic breast cancer, FDG PET/CT has a good diagnostic performance. As a functional whole-body imaging modality, it is able to detect extra-axilar metastatic lymph nodes, distant metastases including in the skeleton, where it outperforms bone scintigraphy or SPECT except in case of osteoblastic lesions, or to discover second primary cancers (around 2% of cases). A potential indication is monitoring response to chemotherapy, to early detect disease resistance or progression. To summarise published results and our own experience, the breast tumour SUVmax decreases with the number of cycles in most patients, including those who will show residual disease on pathology. It is therefore best to perform FDG PET/CT at baseline and after 1 cycle of chemotherapy; the criterion for prediction of an incomplete pathologic response would be a SUVmax reduction <50%. In case of adjuvant chemotherapy, the visual interpretation of FDG PET/CT performed after 5 months may be sufficient to predict disease-free survival; the response to chemotherapy evaluated by FDG PET is a better predictor of recurrence-free survival than pathologic response.","PeriodicalId":35645,"journal":{"name":"Archive of Oncology","volume":"10 1","pages":"152-157"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2298/AOO1204152B","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68402062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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