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Epigenetic DNA changes and stem cells therapy 表观遗传DNA改变和干细胞治疗
Q4 Medicine Pub Date : 2013-01-01 DOI: 10.2298/AOO1301024S
M. Stupar, V. Vidović, V. Baltic, Ljuba Štrbac, D. Lukač
We are starting to understand the fundamental biological processes which underlie the DNA physical properties. Of particular importance is the field of epigenetics, which literally means 'outside conventional genetics', now used to describe the study of stable alterations in gene expression potential that arise during development and cell proliferation. Epigenetic changes are modifications of DNA, which occur without any alteration in the DNA sequence. Modern directions in the field of epigenetic research aimed to decipher the epigenetic signals that give stem cells their unique ability to self-renew and differentiate into different types. Stem cell-based regenerative medicine holds great promise for repair of diseased tissue. If epigenetic process are reversible, than there is the ability to cure cancer through stem cell therapy.
我们开始了解DNA物理特性背后的基本生物过程。特别重要的是表观遗传学领域,字面意思是“传统遗传学之外”,现在用来描述在发育和细胞增殖过程中出现的基因表达潜力的稳定变化的研究。表观遗传变化是DNA的修饰,它在DNA序列没有任何改变的情况下发生。表观遗传学研究领域的现代方向旨在破译表观遗传信号,这些信号赋予干细胞自我更新和分化成不同类型的独特能力。以干细胞为基础的再生医学在修复病变组织方面有着巨大的希望。如果表观遗传过程是可逆的,那么就有能力通过干细胞治疗来治愈癌症。
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引用次数: 0
Bacterial flora on the surface of oral squamous cell carcinoma 口腔鳞状细胞癌表面的菌群
Q4 Medicine Pub Date : 2013-01-01 DOI: 10.2298/AOO1302062C
M. Čanković, M. Bokor-Bratić, J. Loncar, Jovan Marinoski, M. Ilić
4 patients (13.3%), mucocele in 4 patients (13.3%), capillary mucous haemangioma in 3 patients (10.0%), mucosal polyp in 3 patients (10.0%), chronic nonspecific sialadenitis in 3 patients (10.0%), mucosal papilloma in 2 patients (6.7%), retention cyst in 2 patients (6.7%), and subacute nonspecific inflammation in 1 patient (3.3%).
4例(13.3%),黏液囊肿4例(13.3%),毛细血管黏液血管瘤3例(10.0%),粘膜息肉3例(10.0%),慢性非特异性涎腺炎3例(10.0%),粘膜乳头状瘤2例(6.7%),保留囊肿2例(6.7%),亚急性非特异性炎症1例(3.3%)。
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引用次数: 4
The prognostic value of MMP-9 expression in lung adenocarcinoma 肺腺癌中MMP-9表达的预后价值
Q4 Medicine Pub Date : 2013-01-01 DOI: 10.2298/AOO1304109T
Ljiljana Tadić-Latinović, Aleksandra Salapura-Dugonjic, Ž. Eri, S. Knežević-Ušaj, Milana Panjković, L. Amidžić, I. Baroš, B. Jakovljević
www.onk.ns.ac.rs/Archive Vol 21, No. 3-4, December 2013 INTRODUCTION Lung cancer is one of the leading causes of death throughout the world. Approximately one million people, 850,000 men and 330,000 women, die of lung cancer per year (1). Despite some advances in the diagnosis and treatment of lung cancer in the last several decades, the prognosis of lung cancer remains poor. The overall 5-year survival rate of lung cancer is approximately 12.4% of all newly detected cases in the world, and <9% in developing countries (2, 3). The MMP family comprises 23 human enzymes that traditionally have long been associated with cancer invasion and metastasis because of their ability to degrade the extracellular matrix. However, recent studies have showed that the roles of MMPs in tumour development and metastasis are much more complex than was originally envisioned. In vitro and animal studies have demonstrated that MMPs are also the key mediators of growth factor activation, bioavailability and receptor signalling, cell adhesion and motility, apoptosis and survival mechanisms, angiogenesis, and inflammatory responses and immune surveillance (4). Matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) are the group of enzymes responsible for degradation of certain extracellular matrix proteins such as collagen, proteoglycan, elastin, laminin and fibronectin. Malignant diseases are accompanied with higher expression of matrix metalloproteinases and lower concentrations of the tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases (TIMP), also resulting in an increased proteolytic activity. The presence of matrix metalloproteinases was discovered on the surface of invasive tumor cells (5). Degradation of the basal membrane and extracellular matrix presents the key step in the process of intravasation and extravasation of tumor cells (6). MMP-9 belongs to the gelatinases group, synthesized by keratinocytes, monocytes, alveolar macrophages, polymorphonuclear neutrophil granulocytes, and in many cancer cells. Tumor invasion is a multi-phase process in which the cell motility is associated with controlled proteolysis and includes interaction between tumor cells and extracellular matrix. During the invasion process, malignant tumor cells are detached from the primary tumor, migrate through structural barriers such as the basal membrane and surrounding extracellular matrix rich in collagen. Degradation of the stromal extracellular matrix is also considered one of the key steps in the process of tumor angiogenesis (7). It has been proved that the activity of matrix metalloproteinases is necessary for increased motility of epithelial cells, as well as for the growth of metastatic deposits. Research has confirmed that MMP-2 and MMP-9 have an exceptionally significant role in metastasizing, due to their ability to degrade type IV The prognostic value of mmp-9 expression in lung adenocarcinoma
www.onk.ns.ac.rs/Archive第21卷,第3-4号,2013年12月简介肺癌是全世界主要的死亡原因之一。每年约有100万人(85万男性和33万女性)死于肺癌(1)。尽管在过去几十年里,肺癌的诊断和治疗取得了一些进展,但肺癌的预后仍然很差。在全球所有新发现病例中,肺癌的总体5年生存率约为12.4%,在发展中国家低于9%(2,3)。MMP家族包括23种人类酶,由于其降解细胞外基质的能力,传统上一直与癌症侵袭和转移有关。然而,最近的研究表明,MMPs在肿瘤发展和转移中的作用比最初设想的要复杂得多。体外和动物研究表明,基质金属蛋白酶也是生长因子激活、生物利用度和受体信号传导、细胞粘附和运动、细胞凋亡和存活机制、血管生成、炎症反应和免疫监视的关键介质(4)。基质金属蛋白酶(MMP)是一组负责降解某些细胞外基质蛋白的酶,如胶原、蛋白聚糖、弹性蛋白、层粘连蛋白和纤维连接蛋白。恶性疾病伴随着基质金属蛋白酶的高表达和基质金属蛋白酶组织抑制剂(TIMP)的低浓度,也导致蛋白水解活性增加。在侵袭性肿瘤细胞表面发现基质金属蛋白酶的存在(5)。基底膜和细胞外基质的降解是肿瘤细胞内渗和外渗过程中的关键步骤(6)。MMP-9属于明胶酶组,由角质形成细胞、单核细胞、肺泡巨噬细胞、多形核中性粒细胞合成,在许多癌细胞中也存在。肿瘤侵袭是一个多阶段的过程,在这个过程中,细胞的运动与受控的蛋白水解有关,包括肿瘤细胞与细胞外基质的相互作用。在侵袭过程中,恶性肿瘤细胞脱离原发肿瘤,通过结构屏障如基底膜和周围富含胶原的细胞外基质进行迁移。基质细胞外基质的降解也被认为是肿瘤血管生成过程中的关键步骤之一(7)。已经证明,基质金属蛋白酶的活性对于增加上皮细胞的运动性以及转移沉积物的生长是必要的。研究证实,由于MMP-2和MMP-9具有降解IV型肺腺癌的能力,它们在转移中具有异常显著的作用
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引用次数: 0
A review of the fertility sparing approach to endometrial cancer: Current recommendations 保留生育能力治疗子宫内膜癌的综述:目前的建议
Q4 Medicine Pub Date : 2013-01-01 DOI: 10.2298/AOO1304168P
A. Papadopoulos
© 2013, Oncology Institute of Vojvodina, Sremska Kamenica Endometrial cancer is the most common cancer of the female genital tract; with 20%-25% diagnosed pre-menopausally, the median age in this group of patients is 40 yrs (range 31-45 yrs) (1). However future fertility is an issue for these young patients as many as 61%-79% are nulliparous compared to 24% in the older group (1). In women with early stage endometrial cancer the standard surgical treatment of total hysterectomy, bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy (TAHBSO) and possible lymph node assessment is often not acceptable. The conservative fertility retaining option is often only possible in a select group of early stage cases, and in these cases the risks are something that needs to be carefully weighed. The low risk group of grade 1 endometrioid adenocarcinoma confined to the endometrium without lymphovascular space invasion (LVSI) or disease outside the uterus are those who may be candidates for conservative treatment. Since these patients do not undergo the usual surgical staging procedure they need to be carefully evaluated. Indeed as survival in these group approaches 95% and above it can be difficult to contemplate the risk associated option of conservative management. However it is not uncommon for women to come to clinic and request this line of management. It is important that several factors are assessed before contemplating the conservative option. Pre-treatment investigation must include a hysteroscopy and biopsy and contrast MRI. The biopsy will give information regarding cell type i.e. endometrioid adenocarcinoma, grade 1 and may exclude the presence of LVSI and may also detect myometrial invasion. The contrast-enhanced MRI is used to assess the primary tumour and exclude myometrial invasion. In addition it can be used to exclude cervical or extra uterine disease including lymph nodal involvement. This group of patients with grade 1 cancer and no myometrial invasion (i.e. presumed IA) will have a risk of lymph nodal disease of approximately 3%-5% (2). Some clinicians have advocated a laparoscopy with concurrent peritoneal washings and a preoperative CA125. Others recommend a PET scan for evaluation at distant sites but microscopic disease will not be detected. The continual evaluation of the sentinel node procedure may be relevant in these early cases to evaluate and exclude lymph node involvement. Finally, the case should be evaluated in a multi-disciplinary team setting, the options discussed and a treatment plan reached (see Table 1 for prerequisites). All other cases other than grade 1, endometrioid adenocarcinoma without apparent LVSI, myometrial, cervical or extrauterine disease should be offered standard treatment involving surgery including TAH BSO, pertioneal washes and possibly lymph nodal harvest (pelvic with/without para-aortic nodes). Table 1. Pre-treatment factors that need to be met prior to conservative management • Age less than 45 years and wishes fertility,
©2013,伏伊伏丁那肿瘤研究所,Sremska Kamenica子宫内膜癌是女性生殖道最常见的癌症;20%-25%的患者在绝经前被诊断,这组患者的中位年龄为40岁(范围31-45岁)(1)。然而,这些年轻患者的未来生育能力是一个问题,多达61%-79%的患者没有生育,而老年组的这一比例为24%(1)。对于早期子宫内膜癌的女性,标准的全子宫切除术、双侧输卵管-卵巢切除术(TAHBSO)和可能的淋巴结评估等手术治疗通常是不可接受的。保守的保留生育能力的选择通常只在一组早期病例中可行,在这些情况下,风险是需要仔细权衡的。1级子宫内膜样腺癌局限于子宫内膜,无淋巴血管间隙侵犯(LVSI)或子宫外病变的低风险组可能是保守治疗的候选人。由于这些患者没有经过通常的手术分期程序,他们需要仔细评估。事实上,当这些组的存活率接近95%及以上时,很难考虑与风险相关的保守管理选择。然而,女性来到诊所并要求这种管理方式并不罕见。在考虑保守的选择之前,评估几个因素是很重要的。治疗前检查必须包括宫腔镜、活检和MRI对比检查。活检将提供有关细胞类型的信息,如子宫内膜样腺癌,1级,可能排除LVSI的存在,也可能检测子宫内膜浸润。对比增强MRI用于评估原发肿瘤并排除肌层浸润。此外,它还可用于排除宫颈或子宫外疾病,包括淋巴结受累。这组1级癌症患者没有子宫肌瘤浸润(即假定为IA),其发生淋巴结疾病的风险约为3%-5%(2)。一些临床医生建议进行腹腔镜检查并同时进行腹膜冲洗和术前CA125检查。其他人则建议使用PET扫描来评估远处部位,但无法检测到显微镜下的疾病。在这些早期病例中,前哨淋巴结手术的持续评估可能与评估和排除淋巴结累及有关。最后,病例应在多学科团队环境下进行评估,讨论方案并达成治疗计划(先决条件见表1)。除1级、无明显LVSI的子宫内膜样腺癌、子宫肌瘤、宫颈或子宫外疾病外的所有其他病例应提供标准治疗,包括手术,包括TAH BSO、腹腔清洗和可能的淋巴结清扫(伴有/不伴有主动脉旁淋巴结的盆腔)。表1。保守治疗前需要满足的治疗前因素•年龄小于45岁,希望生育,了解同意的含义•1级子宫内膜样癌•无LVSI•MRI:无子宫肌瘤浸润•无宫颈累及、卵巢累及、淋巴结累及或其他子宫外疾病的证据•MDM确诊G1(2名妇科病理学家复查)•IA期局限于子宫内膜
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引用次数: 0
Neonatal oncology: Diagnostics and management 新生儿肿瘤学:诊断和管理
Q4 Medicine Pub Date : 2013-01-01 DOI: 10.2298/AOO1304125D
D. Dobanovacki, N. Vuckovic, S. Marinković, J. Kolarovic, S. Bukarica
Tumors are rarely diagnosed in newborns. Natural history of such tumors, their type, and response to treatment differ from those seen in older children. The etiology is still unclear. In this paper, a retrospective study is presented of diagnostics and management of neonatal tumors from 2008 to 2012. Out of 518 neonatal admissions in that period, tumors were diagnosed in 15 patients (2.8%), in only 3 of them (20.0%) prenatally. The diagnosed tumors were teratomas (4), retroperitoneal (4), and liver tumors (7). Ten of them (66.6%) had a natural history of benign tumors. Complete surgical excision was the treatment of choice in 10 (66.6%) cases and there was no need for adjuvant chemotherapy.
新生儿很少被诊断出肿瘤。这些肿瘤的自然史、类型和对治疗的反应与年龄较大的儿童不同。病因尚不清楚。本文对2008年至2012年新生儿肿瘤的诊断和治疗进行回顾性研究。在此期间入院的518名新生儿中,有15名患者(2.8%)被诊断出肿瘤,其中只有3名患者(20.0%)在产前被诊断出肿瘤。诊断的肿瘤为畸胎瘤(4例)、腹膜后肿瘤(4例)和肝脏肿瘤(7例),其中10例(66.6%)有良性肿瘤的自然病史。10例(66.6%)患者选择完全手术切除,不需要辅助化疗。
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引用次数: 0
Cutaneous metastasis as the first sign of lung cancer 皮肤转移是肺癌的第一个征兆
Q4 Medicine Pub Date : 2013-01-01 DOI: 10.2298/AOO1301020D
M. Ðuric, Mirjana Makevic-Ðuric, Dobrica Gajic, G. Damjanović
Cutaneous metastases of lung tumors are occurring in 1-12% of cases. High prevalence of lung cancer increases the likelihood of finding these changes in clinical practice. They are usually in the form of a firm, mobile and painless nodule on the head, neck and chest, and their appearance is a sign of advanced disease. Cutaneous metastases are rarely the first sign of malignancy. A 62-year-old patient presented to her doctor a fast-growing nodule on the forehead. Extirpation of the nodule and further diagnosis showed that it was a metastasis of small cell lung cancer localized in the right lung with extensive metastases to the contralateral lung, liver and spine. Cutaneous metastases may be the first sign of malignancy or the first sign of progression of already diagnosed malignancy. A diagnosis of metastatic disease should be considered in patients with risk factors or a known cancer. The presence of a skin metastasis in a patient with a lung cancer indicates poor prognosis.
1-12%的病例发生肺肿瘤皮肤转移。肺癌的高患病率增加了在临床实践中发现这些变化的可能性。它们通常在头部,颈部和胸部以坚固,可移动和无痛的结节的形式出现,其外观是疾病晚期的标志。皮肤转移很少是恶性肿瘤的第一征兆。一名62岁的病人向她的医生报告了额头上一个快速生长的结节。经切除结节及进一步诊断为右肺小细胞肺癌转移灶,并广泛转移至对侧肺、肝及脊柱。皮肤转移可能是恶性肿瘤的第一个征象,也可能是已确诊恶性肿瘤进展的第一个征象。在有危险因素或已知癌症的患者中,应考虑转移性疾病的诊断。肺癌患者出现皮肤转移提示预后不良。
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引用次数: 2
The influence of indirect exposure to chlorine pesticides on nuclear anomalies in exfoliated buccal cells 间接接触氯农药对脱落颊细胞核异常的影响
Q4 Medicine Pub Date : 2013-01-01 DOI: 10.2298/AOO1304115N
A. Nersesyan, G. Parsadanyan, G. Zalinyan, N. Chobanyan
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引用次数: 0
Insights of potential G-quadruplex sequences in telomeres and proto-oncogenes 端粒和原癌基因中潜在的g -四重体序列的见解
Q4 Medicine Pub Date : 2013-01-01 DOI: 10.2298/AOO1304118B
R. Bhadane, Rupali R. Bhadane, D. Meshram
www.onk.ns.ac.rs/Archive Vol 21, No. 3-4, December 2013 INTRODUCTION The earliest research in the antineoplastic drug discovery was related to suppressing the synthesis and function of DNA. Today, a variety of other targets is under intensive investigation and they will provide oncologist with significant new approaches of therapy. Some of these approaches are inhibition of protease involved in metastasis, angiogenesis inhibitors, antisense technology, and G-quadruplexes. G-quadruplexes are generally formed in DNA and RNA sequences containing repeated G-G-G-G called as G-tetrad. G-quadruplexes formed from planar stacking of hoogsteen bonded G-tetrads (1, 2) folded from a single G-rich sequence by intraor inter-molecular association of 2 to 4 separate strands (3, 4). The core of G-quadruplexes are formed by the stacking of several G-tetrads and joined together by sugar phosphate backbone. The binding energy for this process arises from three main factors: hydrogen bonding between the guanines in a plane, π π interaction between the guanines in adjacent planes and charge – charge interaction between partially negative oxygen of guanines and cations that typically sit in the octahedral position between the stacks (5-7). The monovalent cations such as K+ and Na+ at a physiological temperature and pH stabilize G-quadruplex by coordinating the carbonyl group of guanine at the center of G-tetrad core (5, 8). It has been estimated that there are more than 376,000 potential quadruplex sequences found in number of important biological processes (9). Intramolecular G-quadruplexes formed by single-stranded DNA are currently under intensive research due to their potential formation in telomeres and promoter sequences (10, 11). The present review reports the G-quadruplexes formed in human telomeres and proto-oncogenes.
www.onk.ns.ac.rs/Archive Vol 21 No. 3-4, December 2013 INTRODUCTION抗肿瘤药物发现中最早的研究与抑制DNA的合成和功能有关。今天,各种其他靶点正在深入研究中,它们将为肿瘤学家提供重要的新治疗方法。其中一些方法是抑制参与转移的蛋白酶,血管生成抑制剂,反义技术和g -四联体。g -四聚体通常在含有重复G-G-G-G的DNA和RNA序列中形成,称为g -四聚体。g -四聚体是由hoogsteen键合的g -四聚体(1,2)通过分子内或分子间的2到4条独立链的结合从一个单一的富g序列折叠而成(3,4)。g -四聚体的核心是由几个g -四聚体堆叠而成,并通过磷酸糖骨架连接在一起。该过程的结合能来自三个主要因素:一个平面上鸟嘌呤之间的氢键,相邻平面上鸟嘌呤之间的π π相互作用,以及鸟嘌呤部分负氧与通常位于堆叠之间八面体位置的阳离子之间的电荷-电荷相互作用(5-7)。在生理温度和pH下,K+和Na+等单价阳离子通过在g -四元体核心中心配位鸟嘌呤羰基来稳定g -四元体(5;8)。据估计,在许多重要的生物过程中发现了超过376,000个潜在的四重体序列(9)。分子内由单链DNA形成的g -四重体由于其可能在端粒和启动子序列中形成,目前正在深入研究中(10,11)。本文综述了在人类端粒和原癌基因中形成的g -四联体。
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引用次数: 1
Oncologic superiority of extralevator abdominoperineal excision for low rectal cancer 腹外展手术治疗低位直肠癌的肿瘤学优势
Q4 Medicine Pub Date : 2013-01-01 DOI: 10.2298/AOO1301011L
D. Lukić, Z. Radovanovic, T. Petrovic, M. Breberina, A. Golubović, Svetlana Škorić-Jokić
Background: Rectal cancer treatment has been dramatically improved during the last two decades in terms of a lower local recurrence rate and prolonged survival. This improvement was achieved mainly due to a better surgical technique (implementation of a total mesorectal excision-TME) and neoadjuvant chemo and radio therapy. A more radical approach to abdominoperineal excision, extralevator abdominoperineal excision technique in the prone Jack- knife position, may improve the oncological outcome. The aim of this study is to show our early experience by using extralevator abdominoperineal excision. Methods: Extralevator abdominoperineal excision has been used routinely at Oncology Institute of Vojvodina since 2011. In the last 23 months, we had 11 operations. Clinical and pathological data were obtained from operative proto- cols, histopathological data and patients' medical history. Results: An audit of results showed reduced rate of intra-operative perforations and circumferential resection margin involvement. Late postoperative complications have occurred in two patients, sexual dysfunction in one and pelvic pain in the other. The follow up period is too short (min 2 months, max 23 months, median 8 months) for analysis of local recurrence.
背景:在过去的二十年中,直肠癌的治疗在降低局部复发率和延长生存期方面有了显著的改善。这种改善主要是由于更好的手术技术(实施全肠系膜切除术- tme)和新辅助化疗和放疗。一种更激进的腹会阴切除方法,俯卧刀位腹会阴外提术,可能改善肿瘤预后。本研究的目的是展示我们使用腹外提肌切除的早期经验。方法:伏伊伏丁那肿瘤研究所自2011年起常规应用腹外展手术。在过去的23个月里,我们做了11次手术。临床及病理资料来源于手术方案、组织病理资料及患者病史。结果:审计结果显示术中穿孔和环切缘受累率降低。2例患者出现术后晚期并发症,1例出现性功能障碍,1例出现盆腔疼痛。随访时间短(最小2个月,最大23个月,中位8个月),无法分析局部复发。
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引用次数: 0
Toxicology of iodine: A mini review 碘的毒理学:一个小综述
Q4 Medicine Pub Date : 2013-01-01 DOI: 10.2298/AOO1302065I
A. Ilin, A. Nersesyan
2 SUMMARY Iodine is necessary for all living organisms. Deficiency of iodine in the organism leads to various diseases (including mental) and increased rates of cancer. It is well known that one third of the world's population lived in iodine-deficient areas. At present time, the primary intervention for preventing iodine deficiency disorders worldwide is through the iodization of salt. The two most common types of fortificant used to iodize salt are potassium iodide and potassium iodate. Iodine-containing compounds are also widely used in clinical medicine as a highly effective topical antimi- crobial agent that has been used clinically in the treatment of wounds. Hence, the genetic toxicology of iodine and iodine-containing compounds is very essential topic. In this literature review are analyzed the data concerning genetic toxicology and the influence of these compounds on tumor rates in epidemiological and experimental studies.
碘对所有生物都是必需的。机体缺碘会导致各种疾病(包括精神疾病)和癌症发病率增加。众所周知,世界上三分之一的人口生活在缺碘地区。目前,世界范围内预防碘缺乏症的主要干预措施是通过食盐加碘。两种最常用的强化剂是碘化钾和碘酸钾。含碘化合物作为一种高效的局部抗菌药物在临床医学中也广泛应用于伤口的治疗。因此,碘和含碘化合物的遗传毒理学研究是一个非常重要的课题。本文从流行病学和实验研究的角度,综述了遗传毒理学和这些化合物对肿瘤发生率影响的相关文献。
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引用次数: 11
期刊
Archive of Oncology
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