Pub Date : 2022-09-28DOI: 10.31577/geogrcas.2022.74.3.10
R. Kyere-boateng, M. Marek, M. Huba
The Millennium Ecosystem defined ecosystem services as “ the benefits people derive from ecosystems ”. Besides provisioning services or goods like food, wood and other raw materials, plants, animals, fungi, and micro - organisms, ecosystem sevices provide essential regulating services such as pollination of crops, prevention of soil erosion, water purification and a vast array of cultural services, like recreation and a sense of place. Forest ecosystems also provide numerous services, benefits, and goods that benefit human wellbeing and mitigate carbon emissions. In many developing coun- tries, forest ecosystem services serve as a vital means of providing food, reducing poverty and creating employment. This study uses GIS and satellite images to assess the changes in forest ecosystem services in the Bia - Tano forest reserve from 1990 to 2020. The purpose was to ascertain how human interventions and activities have con- tributed to the decrease in the service provision of Bia - Tano forest reserveʼs ecosystem services. We argue that LULC (Land Use Land Cover) changes affect the poten- tial of the forest reserve to provide numerous products and services to benefit fringe communities and carbon mitigation. In all two sets of Classified Land Use Land Cover Images (CLULCI) co - vering the years 1990, 2000, 2011 and 2020 for the Bia - Tano forest reserve and surrounding areas and CLULCI for the actual forest reserve using the same years. The findings further revealed that the fringe communityʼs livelihood activities have contributed to the decrease in the quality and quantity of the forest reserve over the past 30 years, with closed forest decline, while built - up areas, barren areas, planted/cultivated areas and open forest continue to increase. Furthermore, the excessive exploitation of natural resources from the reserve, coupled with illegal encroachment, and frequent access to timber and fuelwood, threaten the conservation of the reserveʼs biodiversity and sustainability of ecosystem services. The findings show inadequate forest governance mechanisms to conserve and protect the reserve from further degradation and depletion of the reserve ’ s resources. The livelihoods of fringe communities depend on the sale and consumption of NTFPs (Non - Timber Forest Products) from the reserve. Hence the changes in the forest reserves cover vegetation will reduce the NTFPs collected/harvested by fringe communities to support their livelihoods and wellbeing. Therefore, there is the need to tighten and strengthen the governance processes and mechanisms through participatory governance and enforce- ment of the rules and regulations to sustainably conserve and protect the reserve from deforestation and forest degradation.
{"title":"Assessing changes in ecosystem service provision in the Bia-Tano forest reserve for sustained carbon mitigation and non-timber forest products provision","authors":"R. Kyere-boateng, M. Marek, M. Huba","doi":"10.31577/geogrcas.2022.74.3.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31577/geogrcas.2022.74.3.10","url":null,"abstract":"The Millennium Ecosystem defined ecosystem services as “ the benefits people derive from ecosystems ”. Besides provisioning services or goods like food, wood and other raw materials, plants, animals, fungi, and micro - organisms, ecosystem sevices provide essential regulating services such as pollination of crops, prevention of soil erosion, water purification and a vast array of cultural services, like recreation and a sense of place. Forest ecosystems also provide numerous services, benefits, and goods that benefit human wellbeing and mitigate carbon emissions. In many developing coun- tries, forest ecosystem services serve as a vital means of providing food, reducing poverty and creating employment. This study uses GIS and satellite images to assess the changes in forest ecosystem services in the Bia - Tano forest reserve from 1990 to 2020. The purpose was to ascertain how human interventions and activities have con- tributed to the decrease in the service provision of Bia - Tano forest reserveʼs ecosystem services. We argue that LULC (Land Use Land Cover) changes affect the poten- tial of the forest reserve to provide numerous products and services to benefit fringe communities and carbon mitigation. In all two sets of Classified Land Use Land Cover Images (CLULCI) co - vering the years 1990, 2000, 2011 and 2020 for the Bia - Tano forest reserve and surrounding areas and CLULCI for the actual forest reserve using the same years. The findings further revealed that the fringe communityʼs livelihood activities have contributed to the decrease in the quality and quantity of the forest reserve over the past 30 years, with closed forest decline, while built - up areas, barren areas, planted/cultivated areas and open forest continue to increase. Furthermore, the excessive exploitation of natural resources from the reserve, coupled with illegal encroachment, and frequent access to timber and fuelwood, threaten the conservation of the reserveʼs biodiversity and sustainability of ecosystem services. The findings show inadequate forest governance mechanisms to conserve and protect the reserve from further degradation and depletion of the reserve ’ s resources. The livelihoods of fringe communities depend on the sale and consumption of NTFPs (Non - Timber Forest Products) from the reserve. Hence the changes in the forest reserves cover vegetation will reduce the NTFPs collected/harvested by fringe communities to support their livelihoods and wellbeing. Therefore, there is the need to tighten and strengthen the governance processes and mechanisms through participatory governance and enforce- ment of the rules and regulations to sustainably conserve and protect the reserve from deforestation and forest degradation.","PeriodicalId":35652,"journal":{"name":"GEOGRAFICKY CASOPIS-Geographical Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70011784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-28DOI: 10.31577/geogrcas.2022.74.3.13
Roman Najdený, Daniel Gurňák
The transformation of historic landscape in Bošácka dolina valley from pre - industrial to post - industrial period The conversion of the land cover of Slovakia ’ s rural regions has undergone dynamic changes in the recent decades, which cannot be slowed down even by large - scale interventions and subsidies. The aim of this paper is to analyze the transformation of the historic, agricultural land cover of the Bošácka dolina valley (White Carpathians, Western Slovakia) during a long - term period (1853 – 2020) and to highlight the changing diversity of this historically diverse landscape, characterizing regions with scattered settlements. For this reason, detailed maps of the land cover of the moni- tored area were created for 1853, 1950 and 2020, including the identification of the most important processes of landscape transformation. To determine the changing diversity of the landscape, the hexagon quadrat analysis method was applied in com-bination with the Getis - Ord Gi* hot spot analysis. The results did not show any signif- icant changes in the land cover between the years 1853 and 1950, apart from a statisti-cally significant increase in the landscape diversity in the northern part of the territo- ry. However, between the years 1950 and 2020, there was a dynamic transformation of the land cover, mainly due to agricultural extensification and afforestation. As a result of these changes, the landscape diversity has been reduced considerably, especially in the less accessible, fragmented, and marginal parts of the study area. Ulti- mately, the Bošácka dolina valley has seen an initial increase in the land use and in its diversity over the past almost 170 years, coupled with population growth in the first half of the 20th century. On the other hand, since the middle of the 20th century, the agricultural land has been abandoned. It has contributed to the decrease in diversity. Given the context, the future perspective of the Bošácka dolina valley is not favou rable at all.
{"title":"Transformácia historickej krajiny Bošáckej doliny od predindustriálnej do postindustriálnej éry","authors":"Roman Najdený, Daniel Gurňák","doi":"10.31577/geogrcas.2022.74.3.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31577/geogrcas.2022.74.3.13","url":null,"abstract":"The transformation of historic landscape in Bošácka dolina valley from pre - industrial to post - industrial period The conversion of the land cover of Slovakia ’ s rural regions has undergone dynamic changes in the recent decades, which cannot be slowed down even by large - scale interventions and subsidies. The aim of this paper is to analyze the transformation of the historic, agricultural land cover of the Bošácka dolina valley (White Carpathians, Western Slovakia) during a long - term period (1853 – 2020) and to highlight the changing diversity of this historically diverse landscape, characterizing regions with scattered settlements. For this reason, detailed maps of the land cover of the moni- tored area were created for 1853, 1950 and 2020, including the identification of the most important processes of landscape transformation. To determine the changing diversity of the landscape, the hexagon quadrat analysis method was applied in com-bination with the Getis - Ord Gi* hot spot analysis. The results did not show any signif- icant changes in the land cover between the years 1853 and 1950, apart from a statisti-cally significant increase in the landscape diversity in the northern part of the territo- ry. However, between the years 1950 and 2020, there was a dynamic transformation of the land cover, mainly due to agricultural extensification and afforestation. As a result of these changes, the landscape diversity has been reduced considerably, especially in the less accessible, fragmented, and marginal parts of the study area. Ulti- mately, the Bošácka dolina valley has seen an initial increase in the land use and in its diversity over the past almost 170 years, coupled with population growth in the first half of the 20th century. On the other hand, since the middle of the 20th century, the agricultural land has been abandoned. It has contributed to the decrease in diversity. Given the context, the future perspective of the Bošácka dolina valley is not favou rable at all.","PeriodicalId":35652,"journal":{"name":"GEOGRAFICKY CASOPIS-Geographical Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49190593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-28DOI: 10.31577/geogrcas.2022.74.2.05
P. Jančovič, Jakub Szabó
Principal determinants of territorial allocation of the Slovak Republic ’ s bilateral development aid: Path - dependent trajectory? Slovakia started to provide bilateral official development assistance (ODA) in 2003 and became a fully - fledged member of the Development Assistance Committee of the OECD in 2013. This paper empirically examines the main determinants influencing the territorial selection and allocation of the Slovak Republic ’ s ODA during the period 2003 – 2019. To reach the aim of this paper, we apply regression analysis with Probit and Tobit models and variables approximating recipient needs, donor interests as well as recipient merit. The results indicate that the allocation of Slovak aid is significantly determined by closer historical ties, geographical proximity, the existence of a Slovak embassy, quality of social policies and the size of population in the recipient countries, as well as the inertia in policy decision - making on aid allocation. This suggests that the Slovak Republic ’ s ODA follows a path - dependent trajectory as most of its assistance traditionally flows to geographically closer countries with similar historical experien ces from the communist and subsequent transition period, regardless of developmental needs of the poorest countries.
{"title":"Principal determinants of territorial allocation of the Slovak Republic’s bilateral development aid: Path-dependent trajectory?","authors":"P. Jančovič, Jakub Szabó","doi":"10.31577/geogrcas.2022.74.2.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31577/geogrcas.2022.74.2.05","url":null,"abstract":"Principal determinants of territorial allocation of the Slovak Republic ’ s bilateral development aid: Path - dependent trajectory? Slovakia started to provide bilateral official development assistance (ODA) in 2003 and became a fully - fledged member of the Development Assistance Committee of the OECD in 2013. This paper empirically examines the main determinants influencing the territorial selection and allocation of the Slovak Republic ’ s ODA during the period 2003 – 2019. To reach the aim of this paper, we apply regression analysis with Probit and Tobit models and variables approximating recipient needs, donor interests as well as recipient merit. The results indicate that the allocation of Slovak aid is significantly determined by closer historical ties, geographical proximity, the existence of a Slovak embassy, quality of social policies and the size of population in the recipient countries, as well as the inertia in policy decision - making on aid allocation. This suggests that the Slovak Republic ’ s ODA follows a path - dependent trajectory as most of its assistance traditionally flows to geographically closer countries with similar historical experien ces from the communist and subsequent transition period, regardless of developmental needs of the poorest countries.","PeriodicalId":35652,"journal":{"name":"GEOGRAFICKY CASOPIS-Geographical Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49275474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-28DOI: 10.31577/geogrcas.2022.74.2.07
O. Gnatiuk, A. Melnychuk
Place names for sale: A place of Ukraine in the universe of toponymy commodifi- cation The issue of commercial use of geographical names, constituting a promising and booming area of the second wave of critical toponomastics studies, remains poorly investigated in Ukraine. Simultaneously, Ukraine, passing a long and controversial post - Soviet transformation, represents a real honey pot for scrutinizing the commercial use of place names and its consequences for cultural landscapes and territorial commu- nities. The aim of this article is to show Ukraine, as a country representing economically, socially, politically and culturally - specific part of the post - Soviet realm, in the global arena of toponymy commodification, creating the basis for further research in the field. The research methods include analysis of existing scientific literature, media screening, analysis of the names of residential complexes in Kyiv and its suburban area, field observations and the study of the legal framework. The most common form of toponymic commodification in Ukraine is the use of local geographical names and the names of historical regions for marketing purposes, in particular branding of goods and services. Gentrification - led type of toponymic commodification has already changed the symbolical space of the largest Ukrainian cities, while the possibilities for and practices of the infrastructural toponymic commodification are still quite limited although several existing cases may represent an early sign of upcoming global trend. In the field of tourism, an emerging practice is the use of formal and folk toponyms in order to create thematic cultural landscapes.
{"title":"Place names for sale: A place of Ukraine in the universe of toponymy commodification","authors":"O. Gnatiuk, A. Melnychuk","doi":"10.31577/geogrcas.2022.74.2.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31577/geogrcas.2022.74.2.07","url":null,"abstract":"Place names for sale: A place of Ukraine in the universe of toponymy commodifi- cation The issue of commercial use of geographical names, constituting a promising and booming area of the second wave of critical toponomastics studies, remains poorly investigated in Ukraine. Simultaneously, Ukraine, passing a long and controversial post - Soviet transformation, represents a real honey pot for scrutinizing the commercial use of place names and its consequences for cultural landscapes and territorial commu- nities. The aim of this article is to show Ukraine, as a country representing economically, socially, politically and culturally - specific part of the post - Soviet realm, in the global arena of toponymy commodification, creating the basis for further research in the field. The research methods include analysis of existing scientific literature, media screening, analysis of the names of residential complexes in Kyiv and its suburban area, field observations and the study of the legal framework. The most common form of toponymic commodification in Ukraine is the use of local geographical names and the names of historical regions for marketing purposes, in particular branding of goods and services. Gentrification - led type of toponymic commodification has already changed the symbolical space of the largest Ukrainian cities, while the possibilities for and practices of the infrastructural toponymic commodification are still quite limited although several existing cases may represent an early sign of upcoming global trend. In the field of tourism, an emerging practice is the use of formal and folk toponyms in order to create thematic cultural landscapes.","PeriodicalId":35652,"journal":{"name":"GEOGRAFICKY CASOPIS-Geographical Journal","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70011446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-28DOI: 10.31577/geogrcas.2022.74.2.08
Peter Labaš, Anna Kidová
Anthropogenic and environmental impacts morphological degrada- tion the meandering Hornád River In the 19th century, the Hornád River in Slovakia was an unmanaged river system with well - developed free meanders. However, there has been a significant reduction of these free meanders in the last 70 years. The aim of this paper was to evaluate the morphological response to human intervention and flood events on three types of river segments (natural, regulated and water - gap) of 72 - km - long river reach of the mean- dering Hornád River in Slovakia over the last 197 years. Based on the dataset from the 2nd (1819 – 1827) and 3rd military survey maps (1869 – 1887), aerial photos (1949 and 1986) and orthophoto mosaics (2002, 2013 and 2016) the in - channel morphological, as well as the land cover changes, were identified. The four evolutionary periods of morphological response were identified: a pre - regulation period of 1819 – 1948, and three regulation periods with mutual effect of flood discharges of 1949 – 2001, 2002 – 2012, and 2013 – 2016. The Hornád River in the pre - regulation period was represented by a natural meandering river planform (45.8%) with a high occur- rence of in - channel landforms, where the lateral bar area prevailed. The intensive anthropogenic impact in the second half of the 20th century mainly affected its plan- form evolution, and resulted in channel shortening and narrowing, river sinuosity index and erosion - accumulation processes decreasing and loss of free meanders. The long - term low flood magnitude series coupled with land - cover changes (increasing the built - up area and communications) during the intensive regulation period led to the simplification of river channel planform by stabilization of the erosion accumulation processes. It caused simplification of river channel planform, mainly of the natural river segments (down to 26%). The low flood series was reversed by the flood events after the year 2004 (5 – 50 - year recurrence interval), which tend to in- crease of the river sinuosity, channel widening as well as the migration of free meanders.
{"title":"Anthropogenic and environmental impacts on the recent morphological degradation of the meandering Hornád River","authors":"Peter Labaš, Anna Kidová","doi":"10.31577/geogrcas.2022.74.2.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31577/geogrcas.2022.74.2.08","url":null,"abstract":"Anthropogenic and environmental impacts morphological degrada- tion the meandering Hornád River In the 19th century, the Hornád River in Slovakia was an unmanaged river system with well - developed free meanders. However, there has been a significant reduction of these free meanders in the last 70 years. The aim of this paper was to evaluate the morphological response to human intervention and flood events on three types of river segments (natural, regulated and water - gap) of 72 - km - long river reach of the mean- dering Hornád River in Slovakia over the last 197 years. Based on the dataset from the 2nd (1819 – 1827) and 3rd military survey maps (1869 – 1887), aerial photos (1949 and 1986) and orthophoto mosaics (2002, 2013 and 2016) the in - channel morphological, as well as the land cover changes, were identified. The four evolutionary periods of morphological response were identified: a pre - regulation period of 1819 – 1948, and three regulation periods with mutual effect of flood discharges of 1949 – 2001, 2002 – 2012, and 2013 – 2016. The Hornád River in the pre - regulation period was represented by a natural meandering river planform (45.8%) with a high occur- rence of in - channel landforms, where the lateral bar area prevailed. The intensive anthropogenic impact in the second half of the 20th century mainly affected its plan- form evolution, and resulted in channel shortening and narrowing, river sinuosity index and erosion - accumulation processes decreasing and loss of free meanders. The long - term low flood magnitude series coupled with land - cover changes (increasing the built - up area and communications) during the intensive regulation period led to the simplification of river channel planform by stabilization of the erosion accumulation processes. It caused simplification of river channel planform, mainly of the natural river segments (down to 26%). The low flood series was reversed by the flood events after the year 2004 (5 – 50 - year recurrence interval), which tend to in- crease of the river sinuosity, channel widening as well as the migration of free meanders.","PeriodicalId":35652,"journal":{"name":"GEOGRAFICKY CASOPIS-Geographical Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70011498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-28DOI: 10.31577/geogrcas.2022.74.2.09
F. Murgaš, F. Petrovič
The geography of well - being is based on the knowledge that this concept has a spatial dimension and on the knowledge that well - being is not interchangeable with quality of life or happiness. Creating a well - being epistemology is challenging not only because of the prevailing terminological chaos but also for cultural and linguistic reasons. The aim of the paper is to outline the epistemology of well - being from a geographical point of view and its application at the level of Czech districts. The epistemology of the geography of well - being is based on the knowledge that it consists of subjective spa- tially differentiated satisfaction with life. This distinguishes it from the geography of quality of life, which is actually the geography of the quality of the place, formed by a set of objective indicators of amenities and other variables that form the quality of the place. We surveyed well - being and its drivers on a scale of 0 – 10 with face - to - face method and via social networks. In the final part of the paper, implications are derived.
{"title":"Geography of well-being: Czech experience","authors":"F. Murgaš, F. Petrovič","doi":"10.31577/geogrcas.2022.74.2.09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31577/geogrcas.2022.74.2.09","url":null,"abstract":"The geography of well - being is based on the knowledge that this concept has a spatial dimension and on the knowledge that well - being is not interchangeable with quality of life or happiness. Creating a well - being epistemology is challenging not only because of the prevailing terminological chaos but also for cultural and linguistic reasons. The aim of the paper is to outline the epistemology of well - being from a geographical point of view and its application at the level of Czech districts. The epistemology of the geography of well - being is based on the knowledge that it consists of subjective spa- tially differentiated satisfaction with life. This distinguishes it from the geography of quality of life, which is actually the geography of the quality of the place, formed by a set of objective indicators of amenities and other variables that form the quality of the place. We surveyed well - being and its drivers on a scale of 0 – 10 with face - to - face method and via social networks. In the final part of the paper, implications are derived.","PeriodicalId":35652,"journal":{"name":"GEOGRAFICKY CASOPIS-Geographical Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48015991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-28DOI: 10.31577/geogrcas.2022.74.2.06
Miroslav Vrtiška, Karel Maier
Socio - demographic structure as a factor of spatial behaviour of population: The level of education and commuting This article contributes to the limited number of studies on the influence of social stratification on the spatial behaviour of the population. It describes the spatial behaviour differences of the Czech population based on its social demographic structure and its development. The level of education has been chosen as a proxy for social and economic status. Spatial interactions are examined by the commute indicator usage. The article compares differences in commute to commuting centres of different sizes and hierarchic status. It uses data from the census of 2001 and 2011 and applies clus- ter analysis and chi - squared test of homogeneity. The results show a decrease in the commute time tolerance between the years 2001 and 2011. Additionally, they point out the differences in commuting behaviour between populations with a low and me-dium level of education and the highly educated population. Also, the differentiation based on the hierarchic status of the commuting destination was successfully proven.
{"title":"Struktura obyvatelstva jako faktor prostorového chování populace: úroveň vzdělání a dojížďka","authors":"Miroslav Vrtiška, Karel Maier","doi":"10.31577/geogrcas.2022.74.2.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31577/geogrcas.2022.74.2.06","url":null,"abstract":"Socio - demographic structure as a factor of spatial behaviour of population: The level of education and commuting This article contributes to the limited number of studies on the influence of social stratification on the spatial behaviour of the population. It describes the spatial behaviour differences of the Czech population based on its social demographic structure and its development. The level of education has been chosen as a proxy for social and economic status. Spatial interactions are examined by the commute indicator usage. The article compares differences in commute to commuting centres of different sizes and hierarchic status. It uses data from the census of 2001 and 2011 and applies clus- ter analysis and chi - squared test of homogeneity. The results show a decrease in the commute time tolerance between the years 2001 and 2011. Additionally, they point out the differences in commuting behaviour between populations with a low and me-dium level of education and the highly educated population. Also, the differentiation based on the hierarchic status of the commuting destination was successfully proven.","PeriodicalId":35652,"journal":{"name":"GEOGRAFICKY CASOPIS-Geographical Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49639856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-31DOI: 10.31577/geogrcas.2022.74.1.02
O. Mishchenko
Temple and monastery landscapes are natural and anthropogenic systems markers of which are religious buildings such as churches, monasteries, cathedrals, chapels, etc. The present research uses a transdisciplinary approach, which provides a scientific method within the sacred geography using the methodological approaches of other sciences, including philosophy, culturology, science of architecture and others. Regional physical and geographical, ideological, confessional factors determine the place of formation and functioning of temple and monastery landscapes in the structure of settlements. Among the leading geographical patterns of formation of temple and monastery landscapes are: orographic, the presence of contrasting environments and natural water bodies. According to the city zoning and planning in Ukraine, temple and monastery landscapes are located in the area of religious and ceremonial buildings. However, often such territorial systems occur in the recreational area of active recreation, the area of public green areas (parks, squares and memorial parks) and even the area of apartment buildings, which is somewhat inconsistent with traditional canons of formation of sacred buildings. The analysis of Lutsk city monasteries (Volyn region, Ukraine) shows the formation of modern “accidental” buildings near them, which distorts the historical, cultural and sacred significance of the cult building.
{"title":"Formation and functioning regularities of temple and monastery landscapes","authors":"O. Mishchenko","doi":"10.31577/geogrcas.2022.74.1.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31577/geogrcas.2022.74.1.02","url":null,"abstract":"Temple and monastery landscapes are natural and anthropogenic systems markers of which are religious buildings such as churches, monasteries, cathedrals, chapels, etc. The present research uses a transdisciplinary approach, which provides a scientific method within the sacred geography using the methodological approaches of other sciences, including philosophy, culturology, science of architecture and others. Regional physical and geographical, ideological, confessional factors determine the place of formation and functioning of temple and monastery landscapes in the structure of settlements. Among the leading geographical patterns of formation of temple and monastery landscapes are: orographic, the presence of contrasting environments and natural water bodies. According to the city zoning and planning in Ukraine, temple and monastery landscapes are located in the area of religious and ceremonial buildings. However, often such territorial systems occur in the recreational area of active recreation, the area of public green areas (parks, squares and memorial parks) and even the area of apartment buildings, which is somewhat inconsistent with traditional canons of formation of sacred buildings. The analysis of Lutsk city monasteries (Volyn region, Ukraine) shows the formation of modern “accidental” buildings near them, which distorts the historical, cultural and sacred significance of the cult building.","PeriodicalId":35652,"journal":{"name":"GEOGRAFICKY CASOPIS-Geographical Journal","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70011276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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