Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.25257/tts.2019.2.84.41-46
G. I. Rudchenko
{"title":"LEGAL REGULATION OF THE PLACEMENT AND FUNCTIONING OF CHILDREN'S PLAY AREAS IN SHOPPING AND ENTERTAINMENT COMPLEXES","authors":"G. I. Rudchenko","doi":"10.25257/tts.2019.2.84.41-46","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25257/tts.2019.2.84.41-46","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":356653,"journal":{"name":"Technology of technosphere safety","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125645975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.25257/tts.2021.1.91.95-106
V. Sednev, N. Lopukhova, A. Smurov
Introduction. Climate change leads to an increase the number of wildfires and fires in settlements, with 74 % of the country's population living in urban settlements and 26 % in rural settlements. The readiness of localities for the fire season is determined by regulatory documents that do not assess the sufficiency of measures taken by local governments to prepare territories for the fire season, and, accordingly, do not provide protection of localities from the fires. At the same time, there is no scientific and methodological approach for determining the necessary and sufficient number of fire-fighting constructions and assessing the stability of their structure to protect settlements from the effects of mass or large-scale fires. The purpose of the study. The purpose of the study is to ensure the protection of settlements from the impact of mass or large-scale fires. Research methods. To obtain the results, general scientific and special methods of scientific knowledge were used: analysis, synthesis, generalization. They were based on the provisions of the theory of systems, theory of information. The results of the study. The forces and means that can be used to extinguish fires in localities are evaluated, and the main methods used to justify the elements of the fire-fighting water supply system in localities are considered and summarized. Conclusion. There is a contradiction between the need to ensure the protection of settlements from the impact of mass or large-scale fires and the lack of scientific and methodological approach of justification of corresponding set of means and their management. The results of the study are the basis for the development of a scientific and methodological approach to assessing and justifying the forces and means to ensure the protection of settlements from the impact of mass or large-scale fires and the safety of their activities. Keywords: locality, mass or large-scale fire, fire-fighting water supply, methods of justification
{"title":"Assessment of forces and means for extinguishing fires in settlements and methods of their justifications","authors":"V. Sednev, N. Lopukhova, A. Smurov","doi":"10.25257/tts.2021.1.91.95-106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25257/tts.2021.1.91.95-106","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Climate change leads to an increase the number of wildfires and fires in settlements, with 74 % of the country's population living in urban settlements and 26 % in rural settlements. The readiness of localities for the fire season is determined by regulatory documents that do not assess the sufficiency of measures taken by local governments to prepare territories for the fire season, and, accordingly, do not provide protection of localities from the fires. At the same time, there is no scientific and methodological approach for determining the necessary and sufficient number of fire-fighting constructions and assessing the stability of their structure to protect settlements from the effects of mass or large-scale fires. The purpose of the study. The purpose of the study is to ensure the protection of settlements from the impact of mass or large-scale fires. Research methods. To obtain the results, general scientific and special methods of scientific knowledge were used: analysis, synthesis, generalization. They were based on the provisions of the theory of systems, theory of information. The results of the study. The forces and means that can be used to extinguish fires in localities are evaluated, and the main methods used to justify the elements of the fire-fighting water supply system in localities are considered and summarized. Conclusion. There is a contradiction between the need to ensure the protection of settlements from the impact of mass or large-scale fires and the lack of scientific and methodological approach of justification of corresponding set of means and their management. The results of the study are the basis for the development of a scientific and methodological approach to assessing and justifying the forces and means to ensure the protection of settlements from the impact of mass or large-scale fires and the safety of their activities. Keywords: locality, mass or large-scale fire, fire-fighting water supply, methods of justification","PeriodicalId":356653,"journal":{"name":"Technology of technosphere safety","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127087372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.25257/tts.2021.4.94.117-124
B. Pranov
Introduction. The task of describing and modeling a set of objects in many cases is impractical to carry out by constructing models for the set as a whole. For a more accurate description, it is necessary to divide the initial set of objects into groups, within which there will be similar objects. This initial stage is carried out using cluster analysis methods. Further, you can conduct a more detailed analysis within each cluster. Goals and objectives. The number of clusters into which we want to divide the set of objects under study is usually set in advance. The purpose of the article is to use methods that allow you to optimize the number of partitioning clusters. Methods. The methods of cluster analysis were used, as well as information optimization criteria. Results and discussion. The clustering procedure for the administrative-territorial subjects of the Russian Federation is considered. Seven indicators were taken as parameters for each subject – population, number of fires, damage from fires, number of deaths in fires – in natural units, and three relative indicators. First of all, it was found that the clustering procedure had to be carried out separately for indicators in natural units and for relative indicators – the difference in the range of numbers for these groups is too great. For indicators in natural units, the clustering procedure was carried out in two ways – hierarchical clustering (SPSS program) and clustering by the k-means method in the Jupyter notebook environment using the Python programming language. Similar work was done with the three remaining relative indicators. Conclusions. Correlation analysis of the first four indicators showed that there is a multicollinearity effect – the correlation coefficient of the number of fires and the number of fire deaths exceeded the threshold value of 0,8. The parameter of the number of fires was retained for further analysis. The study showed that of the two methods used – hierarchical clustering and clustering by the k-means method in the Jupyter notebook environment – the latter method gives more meaningful results, allowing you to move on to a more detailed study of a set of objects that are similar in their parameters in each cluster. Key words: cluster analysis, parameters, optimization of the number of clusters.
{"title":"Issues of application of cluster analysis in fire statistics","authors":"B. Pranov","doi":"10.25257/tts.2021.4.94.117-124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25257/tts.2021.4.94.117-124","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. The task of describing and modeling a set of objects in many cases is impractical to carry out by constructing models for the set as a whole. For a more accurate description, it is necessary to divide the initial set of objects into groups, within which there will be similar objects. This initial stage is carried out using cluster analysis methods. Further, you can conduct a more detailed analysis within each cluster. Goals and objectives. The number of clusters into which we want to divide the set of objects under study is usually set in advance. The purpose of the article is to use methods that allow you to optimize the number of partitioning clusters. Methods. The methods of cluster analysis were used, as well as information optimization criteria. Results and discussion. The clustering procedure for the administrative-territorial subjects of the Russian Federation is considered. Seven indicators were taken as parameters for each subject – population, number of fires, damage from fires, number of deaths in fires – in natural units, and three relative indicators. First of all, it was found that the clustering procedure had to be carried out separately for indicators in natural units and for relative indicators – the difference in the range of numbers for these groups is too great. For indicators in natural units, the clustering procedure was carried out in two ways – hierarchical clustering (SPSS program) and clustering by the k-means method in the Jupyter notebook environment using the Python programming language. Similar work was done with the three remaining relative indicators. Conclusions. Correlation analysis of the first four indicators showed that there is a multicollinearity effect – the correlation coefficient of the number of fires and the number of fire deaths exceeded the threshold value of 0,8. The parameter of the number of fires was retained for further analysis. The study showed that of the two methods used – hierarchical clustering and clustering by the k-means method in the Jupyter notebook environment – the latter method gives more meaningful results, allowing you to move on to a more detailed study of a set of objects that are similar in their parameters in each cluster. Key words: cluster analysis, parameters, optimization of the number of clusters.","PeriodicalId":356653,"journal":{"name":"Technology of technosphere safety","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130011988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.25257/tts.2019.3.85.77-85
B. Grinchenko, Ivanovo Fire
{"title":"THE STRUCTURE OF THE INFORMATION SYSTEM TO SUPPORT THE SAFETY MANAGEMENT OF FIREFIGHTER","authors":"B. Grinchenko, Ivanovo Fire","doi":"10.25257/tts.2019.3.85.77-85","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25257/tts.2019.3.85.77-85","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":356653,"journal":{"name":"Technology of technosphere safety","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129695774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.25257/tts.2019.4.86.87-95
S. Karpov
{"title":"Definition of factors and criteria of an assessment of activity of the investigator of EMERCOM of Russia on the basis of an expert method","authors":"S. Karpov","doi":"10.25257/tts.2019.4.86.87-95","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25257/tts.2019.4.86.87-95","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":356653,"journal":{"name":"Technology of technosphere safety","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129205809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction. Currently, the Russian Federation has one of the highest levels of individual and social fire risk in the world, which causes a contradiction between the normative value of social fire risk of 10-7 and the lack of its justification (economic, statistical). The paper presents the main indicators of the situation with fires in the Russian Federation from 2009 to 2020. The equations of the dependence of the costs of ensuring fire safety depending on the individual fire risk, as well as damage from fires, are derived. The optimal value of individual fire risk is calculated, which is used to justify the social fire risk. Overestimation of the calculated values of fire risks leads to the fact that the owners of facilities are forced to increase their fire safety to indicators that do not correspond to the level of development of the national economy, the development of the material and technical base, as well as the level of scientific and technical development in accordance with Art. 3 of the Federal Law of December 27, 2002 No. 184 " On Technical Regulation". The purpose of the study is to substantiate the social fire risk in buildings and structures of the Russian Federation for 2023-2027. Research methods. The article uses a probabilistic-statistical method of research. The costs of ensuring fire safety are analyzed in connection with the damage from fires, which depends on the individual fire risk. The results of the study. The social fire risk in the Russian Federation for buildings and structures is justified. Conclusion. The article shows one of the possible methods of developing a scientific and methodological approach to substantiating the normative value of social fire risk in buildings and structures of various classes of functional fire hazard of the Russian Federation. A reasonable social fire risk makes it possible to maintain an acceptable level of human safety in buildings and structures, which corresponds to the level of development of the national economy, the development of the material and technical base, as well as the level of scientific and technical development of the country. Keywords: fire, individual fire risk, social fire risk, risk of death in a fire, simultaneous death of people.
{"title":"Substantiation of the criterion of social fire risk in buildings and structures in the Russian Federation","authors":"Gayaz Kharisovich Kharisov, Alexey Viktorovich Firsov","doi":"10.25257/tts.2022.3.97.119-130","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25257/tts.2022.3.97.119-130","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Currently, the Russian Federation has one of the highest levels of individual and social fire risk in the world, which causes a contradiction between the normative value of social fire risk of 10-7 and the lack of its justification (economic, statistical). The paper presents the main indicators of the situation with fires in the Russian Federation from 2009 to 2020. The equations of the dependence of the costs of ensuring fire safety depending on the individual fire risk, as well as damage from fires, are derived. The optimal value of individual fire risk is calculated, which is used to justify the social fire risk. Overestimation of the calculated values of fire risks leads to the fact that the owners of facilities are forced to increase their fire safety to indicators that do not correspond to the level of development of the national economy, the development of the material and technical base, as well as the level of scientific and technical development in accordance with Art. 3 of the Federal Law of December 27, 2002 No. 184 \" On Technical Regulation\". The purpose of the study is to substantiate the social fire risk in buildings and structures of the Russian Federation for 2023-2027. Research methods. The article uses a probabilistic-statistical method of research. The costs of ensuring fire safety are analyzed in connection with the damage from fires, which depends on the individual fire risk. The results of the study. The social fire risk in the Russian Federation for buildings and structures is justified. Conclusion. The article shows one of the possible methods of developing a scientific and methodological approach to substantiating the normative value of social fire risk in buildings and structures of various classes of functional fire hazard of the Russian Federation. A reasonable social fire risk makes it possible to maintain an acceptable level of human safety in buildings and structures, which corresponds to the level of development of the national economy, the development of the material and technical base, as well as the level of scientific and technical development of the country. Keywords: fire, individual fire risk, social fire risk, risk of death in a fire, simultaneous death of people.","PeriodicalId":356653,"journal":{"name":"Technology of technosphere safety","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115490017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.25257/tts.2022.4.98.21-29
M. Aleshkov, A. Kolbasin, A. M. Solonenko
Introduction. The article considers the possibility of solving the problem of using automatic fire extinguishing systems to extinguish electrical equipment under voltage in rooms with no people. Examples of fires at energy facilities in recent years are considered, as well as statistics of fires at transformers in the Russian Federation in the period from 2016 to 2021. The analysis of normative legal acts of the Russian Federation and foreign analogs is carried out. As a result of the analysis, the problem of using automatic fire extinguishing installations at energy facilities has been identified. Targets and goals. The purpose of the study is to analyze the possibility of using automatic fire extinguishing systems for live electrical equipment at energy facilities. During the study, the following tasks were set: - analysis of regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation and international standards in the field of extinguishing Class E fires; - analysis of fire statistics at transformer substations in the Russian Federation in the period from 2016 to 2021; - development of the concept of a test bench to determine the leakage current through the jet of fire extinguishing agent from automatic fire extinguishing installations when extinguishing electrical equipment under voltage. Methods. When conducting a study on the use of automatic fire extinguishing installations for live electrical equipment at energy facilities, the analysis method was used. Results and its discussion. As a result of the study, the problem of rationing and the use of automatic fire extinguishing installations for electrical equipment under voltage in rooms with no people was identified. The concept of a test bench for determining the leakage current through a jet of fire extinguishing agent from automatic fire extinguishing installations when extinguishing live electrical equipment is proposed. Conclusions. During the study, it was revealed that international standards and norms in the Russian Federation diverge in the field of application of automatic fire extinguishing installations for live electrical equipment at power facilities, therefore, further research and development of the proposed test stand is necessary to determine the leakage current through the jet of fire extinguishing agent from automatic fire extinguishing installations, which will allow to explore the possibility of using various types of automatic fire extinguishing installations, with different types of fire extinguishing agents to eliminate fires in electrical equipment under voltage. Keywords: automatic fire extinguishing installations, fire electrical equipment, fire protection, transformer, test bench.
{"title":"Analysis of the possibility of the use of automatic fire extinguishing systems for live electrical equipment at energy facilities","authors":"M. Aleshkov, A. Kolbasin, A. M. Solonenko","doi":"10.25257/tts.2022.4.98.21-29","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25257/tts.2022.4.98.21-29","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. The article considers the possibility of solving the problem of using automatic fire extinguishing systems to extinguish electrical equipment under voltage in rooms with no people. Examples of fires at energy facilities in recent years are considered, as well as statistics of fires at transformers in the Russian Federation in the period from 2016 to 2021. The analysis of normative legal acts of the Russian Federation and foreign analogs is carried out. As a result of the analysis, the problem of using automatic fire extinguishing installations at energy facilities has been identified. Targets and goals. The purpose of the study is to analyze the possibility of using automatic fire extinguishing systems for live electrical equipment at energy facilities. During the study, the following tasks were set: - analysis of regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation and international standards in the field of extinguishing Class E fires; - analysis of fire statistics at transformer substations in the Russian Federation in the period from 2016 to 2021; - development of the concept of a test bench to determine the leakage current through the jet of fire extinguishing agent from automatic fire extinguishing installations when extinguishing electrical equipment under voltage. Methods. When conducting a study on the use of automatic fire extinguishing installations for live electrical equipment at energy facilities, the analysis method was used. Results and its discussion. As a result of the study, the problem of rationing and the use of automatic fire extinguishing installations for electrical equipment under voltage in rooms with no people was identified. The concept of a test bench for determining the leakage current through a jet of fire extinguishing agent from automatic fire extinguishing installations when extinguishing live electrical equipment is proposed. Conclusions. During the study, it was revealed that international standards and norms in the Russian Federation diverge in the field of application of automatic fire extinguishing installations for live electrical equipment at power facilities, therefore, further research and development of the proposed test stand is necessary to determine the leakage current through the jet of fire extinguishing agent from automatic fire extinguishing installations, which will allow to explore the possibility of using various types of automatic fire extinguishing installations, with different types of fire extinguishing agents to eliminate fires in electrical equipment under voltage. Keywords: automatic fire extinguishing installations, fire electrical equipment, fire protection, transformer, test bench.","PeriodicalId":356653,"journal":{"name":"Technology of technosphere safety","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115311782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.25257/tts.2021.4.94.201-209
N. M. Zhuravlev
Introduction. The article substantiates the use of the depth of fire extinguishing by fire-fighting hoses for estimating the possibility of localization of fire in the management of combat operations in residential buildings. On the basis of the criterion in a generalized form a block-scheme of the generalized algorithm of the decision-making support of the fire extinguishing manager, which makes it possible to determine the possibility of localization of the fire by the available water fire-fighting hoses, is offered. A theoretical substantiation of the value of depth of fire extinguishing with direct fire-extinguishing jets in not-large squares of rooms and a functional dependence of the depth of extinguishing on the water pressure before the fire hose nozzle, which raises the calculation accuracy, is given. Goals and objectives. To evaluate the possibilities of localization of the fire by the available means and, as a whole, to increase the efficiency of fire-extinguishing management by the fire-division in the multi-story dwelling buildings. Increasing the calculation accuracy of the depth of fire extinguishing. Methods. Using the depth of fire extinguishing as an efficiency criterion in estimating the effectiveness of fire fighting with water fire-fighting units. The comparison of the actual value of the criterion with the required value determines the possibility of localization of the fire. Conclusions. The use of extinguishing depth as a criterion of effectiveness can serve as a basis for new methods and models to support the management decision-making of the fire extinguishing manager. The depth of fire extinguishing can be calculated as a function of the head before the nozzle of a fire-brigade can be used as a criterion of efficiency of the management of a fire-unit armed with water fire-brigade. Key words: fire, management, decision-making support, algorithm, efficiency criterion, depth of fire extinguishing.
{"title":"Depth of extinguishing as a criterion for effectiveness of management of combat operations to extinguish a fire in residential buildings","authors":"N. M. Zhuravlev","doi":"10.25257/tts.2021.4.94.201-209","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25257/tts.2021.4.94.201-209","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. The article substantiates the use of the depth of fire extinguishing by fire-fighting hoses for estimating the possibility of localization of fire in the management of combat operations in residential buildings. On the basis of the criterion in a generalized form a block-scheme of the generalized algorithm of the decision-making support of the fire extinguishing manager, which makes it possible to determine the possibility of localization of the fire by the available water fire-fighting hoses, is offered. A theoretical substantiation of the value of depth of fire extinguishing with direct fire-extinguishing jets in not-large squares of rooms and a functional dependence of the depth of extinguishing on the water pressure before the fire hose nozzle, which raises the calculation accuracy, is given. Goals and objectives. To evaluate the possibilities of localization of the fire by the available means and, as a whole, to increase the efficiency of fire-extinguishing management by the fire-division in the multi-story dwelling buildings. Increasing the calculation accuracy of the depth of fire extinguishing. Methods. Using the depth of fire extinguishing as an efficiency criterion in estimating the effectiveness of fire fighting with water fire-fighting units. The comparison of the actual value of the criterion with the required value determines the possibility of localization of the fire. Conclusions. The use of extinguishing depth as a criterion of effectiveness can serve as a basis for new methods and models to support the management decision-making of the fire extinguishing manager. The depth of fire extinguishing can be calculated as a function of the head before the nozzle of a fire-brigade can be used as a criterion of efficiency of the management of a fire-unit armed with water fire-brigade. Key words: fire, management, decision-making support, algorithm, efficiency criterion, depth of fire extinguishing.","PeriodicalId":356653,"journal":{"name":"Technology of technosphere safety","volume":"78 3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132373836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.25257/tts.2022.2.96.180-189
Anatoliy Nikolaevich Chlenov, Tatyana Anatolyevna Butcinskaya, D. N. Rubtsov, A. Fedorov, Vladislav Igorevich Smirnov
Introduction. Emergency protection systems are an indispensable element of modern automated control systems for fire and explosion hazardous technological processes. The protection of personnel, process equipment and the environment depends on their timely operation. Therefore, the methodology for quantifying the performance of the Emergency Protection System in the design and analysis is of undoubted practical interest. Targets and goals. The goal is to develop an algorithm and methodology for quantifying the response time of the protection system in the pre-emergency mode of operation of a technological facility. The tasks include the formation of mathematical models for calculating the time parameters of the elements that make up the Emergency Protection System. Methods. Methods of mathematical analysis and modeling of emergency protection systems are used. Results and discussion. The functions of the Emergency Protection System and the regulatory requirements for their performance depending on their safety class of hazardous production facilities are considered. A generalized algorithm for the formation of the Emergency Protection System is considered, taking into account the requirements for its speed. Using the typical structure of the Emergency Protection System as an example, an expression was obtained for the delay time when it performs the functions of an alarm and the operation of automatic shut-off and shut-off devices. According to technical sources, the approximate time parameters of the elements of the Emergency Protection System are given. The method of quantitative assessment of the response time is considered using the example of an emergency protection system designed to detect gas contamination of a production facility due to depressurization of process equipment, the formation of control signals when the concentration of combustible gases reaches a pre-explosive level, the activation of an alarm, and the operation of valves that block the access of combustible gas to a process facility. Mathematical expressions for calculating the parameters are determined, which allow estimating the total response time of the Emergency Protection System and its compliance with the safety condition for the normatively set time. Conclusions. The considered technique can be used in practice for a preliminary assessment of the response speed of the Emergency Protection System, as well as in the educational process for carrying out practical and laboratory work in the study of industrial automation systems to prevent fire and explosion. Keywords: emergency protection system, protection response time, pre-emergency mode of operation, accident.
{"title":"Evaluation of performance of automatic emergency protection systems","authors":"Anatoliy Nikolaevich Chlenov, Tatyana Anatolyevna Butcinskaya, D. N. Rubtsov, A. Fedorov, Vladislav Igorevich Smirnov","doi":"10.25257/tts.2022.2.96.180-189","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25257/tts.2022.2.96.180-189","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Emergency protection systems are an indispensable element of modern automated control systems for fire and explosion hazardous technological processes. The protection of personnel, process equipment and the environment depends on their timely operation. Therefore, the methodology for quantifying the performance of the Emergency Protection System in the design and analysis is of undoubted practical interest. Targets and goals. The goal is to develop an algorithm and methodology for quantifying the response time of the protection system in the pre-emergency mode of operation of a technological facility. The tasks include the formation of mathematical models for calculating the time parameters of the elements that make up the Emergency Protection System. Methods. Methods of mathematical analysis and modeling of emergency protection systems are used. Results and discussion. The functions of the Emergency Protection System and the regulatory requirements for their performance depending on their safety class of hazardous production facilities are considered. A generalized algorithm for the formation of the Emergency Protection System is considered, taking into account the requirements for its speed. Using the typical structure of the Emergency Protection System as an example, an expression was obtained for the delay time when it performs the functions of an alarm and the operation of automatic shut-off and shut-off devices. According to technical sources, the approximate time parameters of the elements of the Emergency Protection System are given. The method of quantitative assessment of the response time is considered using the example of an emergency protection system designed to detect gas contamination of a production facility due to depressurization of process equipment, the formation of control signals when the concentration of combustible gases reaches a pre-explosive level, the activation of an alarm, and the operation of valves that block the access of combustible gas to a process facility. Mathematical expressions for calculating the parameters are determined, which allow estimating the total response time of the Emergency Protection System and its compliance with the safety condition for the normatively set time. Conclusions. The considered technique can be used in practice for a preliminary assessment of the response speed of the Emergency Protection System, as well as in the educational process for carrying out practical and laboratory work in the study of industrial automation systems to prevent fire and explosion. Keywords: emergency protection system, protection response time, pre-emergency mode of operation, accident.","PeriodicalId":356653,"journal":{"name":"Technology of technosphere safety","volume":"8 11","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"113981607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.25257/tts.2022.2.96.82-91
K. Vlasov, Aleksandr Alekseevich Poroshin
Introduction. The description of the scientific and methodological approach to determining the parameters of large fires, taking into account the characteristics of the operational activities of fire and rescue garrisons in the subjects of the Russian Federation, is given. Using Big Data technologies, data arrays were investigated and a method for classifying fires into categories "ordinary" and "large" was proposed, taking into account the parameters describing fire extinguishing actions. The following indicators are considered: the time interval of employment of fire departments in a fire; the number of mobile fire-rescue equipment involved in a fire; the number of devices for supplying fire extinguishing agents used in a fire, etc. The method makes it possible to determine the parameters of large fires, taking into account the peculiarities of the subjects of the Russian Federation, which makes it possible to develop management solutions for building up forces and means to extinguish large fires. Purpose and objectives. The purpose of the study is to develop a method for assessing the parameters of large fires, taking into account the characteristics of the operational activities of fire and rescue units. The objective of the study is to determine the parameters of large fires, taking into account the peculiarities of the subjects of the Russian Federation. Methods. The research uses methods of mathematical statistics and Big Data technologies. The initial information for the calculations used statistical data on fires and operational activities of fire and rescue units for the period from 2010 to 2021. Results and discussion. Taking into account the individual characteristics of the subjects of the Russian Federation, the parameters of large fires are determined. The obtained parameters make it possible to determine the conditions for the use of forces and means of fire and rescue units in a particular subject of the Russian Federation. Conclusions. The developed method makes it possible to determine the possible scale of the development of large fires on the territory of the subject of the Russian Federation. That, accordingly, will determine the necessary composition of the forces and means of the fire and rescue garrison to ensure the possibility of concentrating fire protection resources necessary for the successful elimination of a major fire. Keywords: large fire, operational activity, busy time, mobile fire-rescue equipment, fire extinguishing devices, histogram, Python programming language, frame, hyperbole.
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