Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.25257/tts.2021.4.94.96-104
S. G. Androsenko
Introduction. The analysis of normative legal acts in the field of fire safety and education is carried out. Approaches to the organization of training in fire safety measures are analyzed. The discrepancy between the formally existing normative legal acts regulating the same social attitude is revealed, which leads to a conflict of legal acts that creates difficulties in implementing training for a certain category of employees of organizations. A solution to this problem is proposed by introducing amendments to certain regulatory legal acts. The purpose of the study is to solve the identified legal conflict (conflict of legal acts) by making changes to certain regulatory legal acts. Research methods. To obtain the results, we used general scientific and special methods of scientific knowledge – analysis, generalization, system-structural, technical-legal, comparative law. The results of the study. The analysis of normative legal acts in the field of fire safety and education is carried out. A legal conflict (conflict of legal acts) has been identified. A variant of solving this problem by making changes to certain regulatory legal acts is proposed. Conclusion. Using the results of the conducted research, it is possible to initiate a procedure for making changes to the existing regulatory legal acts regulating public relations in the field of fire safety and education, which will solve the problem of training employees of organizations to the fire-technical minimum. Key words: training, fire-technical minimum, additional professional education, professional training, regulatory legal act.
{"title":"Modern problems of legal regulation of relations in the field of training fire safety measures for employees of organizations","authors":"S. G. Androsenko","doi":"10.25257/tts.2021.4.94.96-104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25257/tts.2021.4.94.96-104","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. The analysis of normative legal acts in the field of fire safety and education is carried out. Approaches to the organization of training in fire safety measures are analyzed. The discrepancy between the formally existing normative legal acts regulating the same social attitude is revealed, which leads to a conflict of legal acts that creates difficulties in implementing training for a certain category of employees of organizations. A solution to this problem is proposed by introducing amendments to certain regulatory legal acts. The purpose of the study is to solve the identified legal conflict (conflict of legal acts) by making changes to certain regulatory legal acts. Research methods. To obtain the results, we used general scientific and special methods of scientific knowledge – analysis, generalization, system-structural, technical-legal, comparative law. The results of the study. The analysis of normative legal acts in the field of fire safety and education is carried out. A legal conflict (conflict of legal acts) has been identified. A variant of solving this problem by making changes to certain regulatory legal acts is proposed. Conclusion. Using the results of the conducted research, it is possible to initiate a procedure for making changes to the existing regulatory legal acts regulating public relations in the field of fire safety and education, which will solve the problem of training employees of organizations to the fire-technical minimum. Key words: training, fire-technical minimum, additional professional education, professional training, regulatory legal act.","PeriodicalId":356653,"journal":{"name":"Technology of technosphere safety","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128543710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.25257/tts.2021.1.91.42-52
R. Khalikov
Introduction. The article analyzes the role of thermal and chain combustion in a fire in a closed volume of gas compressor stations. The mechanism of the branched-chain combustion of saturated hydrocarbons in the gas phase has been determined. The analysis of existing models of combustion of saturated hydrocarbons is carried out. Probabilistic model of branched-chain combustion of saturated hydrocarbons in a closed volume of gas compressor stations based on the energy characteristics of the chain carriers in the branched-chain combustion process has been compiled. The purpose of the study is to establish a model of qualitative relationship between the kinetic mechanisms of the branched-chain combustion process of saturated hydrocarbons and the chain carriers involved in it (atoms and radicals) in the closed volume of gas compressor stations. Research methods. To obtain the results the general scientific and special methods of scientific knowledge - the analysis, synthesis, theory of branched-chain combustion process, thermal theory of combustion, theory of energy Boltzmann distribution, were used. The results of the study. The analysis of the main mechanisms of the kinetics of the chemical reaction of combustion in a closed volume of gas compressor stations was carried out. A qualitative model of the relationship between the kinetic mechanisms of the branched-chain combustion process of saturated hydrocarbons and the chain carriers involved in it (atoms and radicals) in the closed volume of gas compressor stations is established. Conclusion. The obtained probabilistic model allows us to calculate the probability of the occurrence of branched-chain combustion of saturated hydrocarbons within the closed volumes of gas compressor stations for different reaction chains. It allows us to choose the most effective control of chemical reactions of combustion under these conditions, that is, to define how to perform volumetric extinguishing most effectively. The found model does not contradict existing models, and the results obtained are confirmed by empirical data. Keywords: probabilistic model, branched-chain process, gas compressor stations, closed spaces, energy structure, gas-phase flame
{"title":"Probabilistic model of branched-chain combustion of saturated hydrocarbons in a closed volume of gas compressor stations","authors":"R. Khalikov","doi":"10.25257/tts.2021.1.91.42-52","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25257/tts.2021.1.91.42-52","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. The article analyzes the role of thermal and chain combustion in a fire in a closed volume of gas compressor stations. The mechanism of the branched-chain combustion of saturated hydrocarbons in the gas phase has been determined. The analysis of existing models of combustion of saturated hydrocarbons is carried out. Probabilistic model of branched-chain combustion of saturated hydrocarbons in a closed volume of gas compressor stations based on the energy characteristics of the chain carriers in the branched-chain combustion process has been compiled. The purpose of the study is to establish a model of qualitative relationship between the kinetic mechanisms of the branched-chain combustion process of saturated hydrocarbons and the chain carriers involved in it (atoms and radicals) in the closed volume of gas compressor stations. Research methods. To obtain the results the general scientific and special methods of scientific knowledge - the analysis, synthesis, theory of branched-chain combustion process, thermal theory of combustion, theory of energy Boltzmann distribution, were used. The results of the study. The analysis of the main mechanisms of the kinetics of the chemical reaction of combustion in a closed volume of gas compressor stations was carried out. A qualitative model of the relationship between the kinetic mechanisms of the branched-chain combustion process of saturated hydrocarbons and the chain carriers involved in it (atoms and radicals) in the closed volume of gas compressor stations is established. Conclusion. The obtained probabilistic model allows us to calculate the probability of the occurrence of branched-chain combustion of saturated hydrocarbons within the closed volumes of gas compressor stations for different reaction chains. It allows us to choose the most effective control of chemical reactions of combustion under these conditions, that is, to define how to perform volumetric extinguishing most effectively. The found model does not contradict existing models, and the results obtained are confirmed by empirical data. Keywords: probabilistic model, branched-chain process, gas compressor stations, closed spaces, energy structure, gas-phase flame","PeriodicalId":356653,"journal":{"name":"Technology of technosphere safety","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114319440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.25257/tts.2021.3.93.61-72
I. Lobaev, V. Pleshakov, V. R. Dzhugan
Introduction. The establishment of the place of occurrence of a fire is one of the main directions of fire-technical expertise. Despite the fact that since the beginning of the XXI century, the productivity of research works devoted to the topic of establishing a fire source has increased, the modern approach does not provide sufficient accuracy of solving the problem, and the fire source is often localized with an unreasonably large error associated with the accuracy of determining the coordinates of the hearth in the room. The brief overview of the most significant studies in the field of fire detection given in the article is aimed at determining the direction of the development of ideas about this subject area, which will eventually make it possible to optimize the research processes, determine the most rational areas of work, allocate resources and regulate the risks of expert errors in the future. Goals and objectives. The purpose of the analysis is to consider the comprehensive problems of research in the field of fire source. The objectives of the study are to objectively assess the methodological approach to the establishment of a fire source, to identify the shortcomings of its establishment and to form the basis for the development of new approaches to the establishment of a fire source. Methods. A retrospective analysis of studies on the problems of establishing a fire source during fire-technical expertise was carried out. During the analysis, the following tasks were performed: selection and preparation of the necessary data for conducting an analytical review; analysis of information; a reasonable idea of the direction of development of the methodological approach to establishing the fire source, as well as the preparation of conclusions based on the conducted retrospective analysis. Results and their discussion. It is determined at what time it appeared, how it manifested itself and the question of the organization and content of research in the field of fire was changing. Since the beginning of the XXI century, mathematical modeling of the dynamics of fire hazards makes it possible to expand the possibilities of predicting results with a significant variation in the initial data on the location of the fire source, which will increase the effectiveness of the study. Conclusions. The second decade of the XXI century is characterized by the intensive development in Russia of works on the creation of new effective methods for establishing a fire source based on the comparison of the results of the study of mathematical models and actual fire data. Keywords: retrospective analysis, fire source, information processing method, fire-technical expertise, fire hazards
{"title":"Retrospective analysis of studies on the establishment of the fire source","authors":"I. Lobaev, V. Pleshakov, V. R. Dzhugan","doi":"10.25257/tts.2021.3.93.61-72","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25257/tts.2021.3.93.61-72","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. The establishment of the place of occurrence of a fire is one of the main directions of fire-technical expertise. Despite the fact that since the beginning of the XXI century, the productivity of research works devoted to the topic of establishing a fire source has increased, the modern approach does not provide sufficient accuracy of solving the problem, and the fire source is often localized with an unreasonably large error associated with the accuracy of determining the coordinates of the hearth in the room. The brief overview of the most significant studies in the field of fire detection given in the article is aimed at determining the direction of the development of ideas about this subject area, which will eventually make it possible to optimize the research processes, determine the most rational areas of work, allocate resources and regulate the risks of expert errors in the future. Goals and objectives. The purpose of the analysis is to consider the comprehensive problems of research in the field of fire source. The objectives of the study are to objectively assess the methodological approach to the establishment of a fire source, to identify the shortcomings of its establishment and to form the basis for the development of new approaches to the establishment of a fire source. Methods. A retrospective analysis of studies on the problems of establishing a fire source during fire-technical expertise was carried out. During the analysis, the following tasks were performed: selection and preparation of the necessary data for conducting an analytical review; analysis of information; a reasonable idea of the direction of development of the methodological approach to establishing the fire source, as well as the preparation of conclusions based on the conducted retrospective analysis. Results and their discussion. It is determined at what time it appeared, how it manifested itself and the question of the organization and content of research in the field of fire was changing. Since the beginning of the XXI century, mathematical modeling of the dynamics of fire hazards makes it possible to expand the possibilities of predicting results with a significant variation in the initial data on the location of the fire source, which will increase the effectiveness of the study. Conclusions. The second decade of the XXI century is characterized by the intensive development in Russia of works on the creation of new effective methods for establishing a fire source based on the comparison of the results of the study of mathematical models and actual fire data. Keywords: retrospective analysis, fire source, information processing method, fire-technical expertise, fire hazards","PeriodicalId":356653,"journal":{"name":"Technology of technosphere safety","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131129915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.25257/tts.2022.2.96.161-179
M. Prus
Introduction. A significant number of accidents and emergencies are initiated by incidents caused by failures of technical facilities and various equipment for reasons related to operational factors. Therefore, the problem of creating new technologies that provide regulation within acceptable limits of the level of risk of dangerous incidents is becoming urgent. Such technologies can be created on the basis of organizing monitoring of real conditions and other operating factors, as well as their regulation through the introduction of appropriate technical and economic mechanisms. The purpose of the study is to develop new approaches to the study of the dynamics of operational risks in sociotechnical systems based on discrete-event modeling of the processes of occurrence of dangerous failures of technical objects. Methods. When constructing a stochastic model, technical objects are presented as material carriers of emerging and developing degradation changes caused by a certain set of sources of degradation processes that generate a corresponding set of failure modes. Results and discussion. A general model of operational risks has been built, based on the representation of the generalized operating time by an integral functional from the main operational factors and taking into account sets of sources of degradation processes. Analytical expressions are obtained to describe the dynamics of dangerous failures of technical objects and to determine the distribution function of dangerous failures, considering the values of the operating time functional and using three-parameter Weibull distributions. Conclusions. The development of methods for modeling multicomponent risks generated by dangerous failures of technical objects seems to be a promising direction for improving the information and analytical support of risk-based management in specialized systems aimed at reducing socio-economic losses caused by failures of technical objects and various equipment due to minimizing the flow of dangerous incidents generated by the main sources of failures. The proposed model of operational risks can be used in safety systems in solving a number of problems to determine various parameters of reliability and safety of operation of technical objects, as well as in predicting the expected socio-economic damage based on assessing the impact of operational factors on the generalized operating time and changing reliability parameters technical objects. Keywords: reliability and safety indicators, operation of technical objects, set of failure modes, three-parameter Weibull distribution.
{"title":"Mathematical foundations of stochastic modeling of the dynamics of operational risks in sociotechnical systems","authors":"M. Prus","doi":"10.25257/tts.2022.2.96.161-179","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25257/tts.2022.2.96.161-179","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. A significant number of accidents and emergencies are initiated by incidents caused by failures of technical facilities and various equipment for reasons related to operational factors. Therefore, the problem of creating new technologies that provide regulation within acceptable limits of the level of risk of dangerous incidents is becoming urgent. Such technologies can be created on the basis of organizing monitoring of real conditions and other operating factors, as well as their regulation through the introduction of appropriate technical and economic mechanisms. The purpose of the study is to develop new approaches to the study of the dynamics of operational risks in sociotechnical systems based on discrete-event modeling of the processes of occurrence of dangerous failures of technical objects. Methods. When constructing a stochastic model, technical objects are presented as material carriers of emerging and developing degradation changes caused by a certain set of sources of degradation processes that generate a corresponding set of failure modes. Results and discussion. A general model of operational risks has been built, based on the representation of the generalized operating time by an integral functional from the main operational factors and taking into account sets of sources of degradation processes. Analytical expressions are obtained to describe the dynamics of dangerous failures of technical objects and to determine the distribution function of dangerous failures, considering the values of the operating time functional and using three-parameter Weibull distributions. Conclusions. The development of methods for modeling multicomponent risks generated by dangerous failures of technical objects seems to be a promising direction for improving the information and analytical support of risk-based management in specialized systems aimed at reducing socio-economic losses caused by failures of technical objects and various equipment due to minimizing the flow of dangerous incidents generated by the main sources of failures. The proposed model of operational risks can be used in safety systems in solving a number of problems to determine various parameters of reliability and safety of operation of technical objects, as well as in predicting the expected socio-economic damage based on assessing the impact of operational factors on the generalized operating time and changing reliability parameters technical objects. Keywords: reliability and safety indicators, operation of technical objects, set of failure modes, three-parameter Weibull distribution.","PeriodicalId":356653,"journal":{"name":"Technology of technosphere safety","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126826884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.25257/tts.2022.3.97.100-118
D. V. Zobkov, N. L. Prisyazhnyuk, A. Tanygina
Introduction. The article analyzes the statistical data of a number of preventive measures in the residential sectors of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation for the period 2020-2021, and based on these data, a multifactorial mathematical model is developed for assessing the dependence of the expected reduction in integral damage on a number of preventive measures. Significant and less significant factors of preventive measures that affect the number of deaths, injuries and damage from fire in residential sectors are identified. The optimal predictive value for the model was obtained and the zones of acceptable and unacceptable marginality were determined. Based on the calculations, an assessment of the levels of fire danger in the residential sectors of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation is presented, which were determined on the basis of an integral socio-economic indicator of fire risk. Targets and goals. The purpose of the study is to determine the significant and less significant factors of preventive measures in the residential sectors and to determine the optimal predictive value. Methods. To solve the research problems, the methods of system analysis, multiple regression, statistical analysis, mathematical statistics, etc. were used. Results and discussion. An analysis has been carried out and a multifactorial mathematical model of multiple regression of the dependence of the expected reduction in integral damage has been developed. By calculation, based on the analysis of the integral socio-economic indicator of fire risk, the regions of the Russian Federation with the most fire hazardous level of the residential sector were identified. Conclusion. A number of significant and less significant factors of preventive measures obtained in the work in the residential sectors of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation make it possible to improve management decisions in the field of preventive work and reduce the level of fire danger in the residential sector of the constituent entities of Russia. The model forecast showed that with an increase in significant factors = 60 %, = 80,4 %, = 86,4 %, = 91,2 %, the number of people killed in fires in the residential sector in 35 subjects decreases by 8, 95 people, with confidence limits. Keywords: residential sector, multiple regression, mathematical model, significant factors, fire danger level, fire risk, preventive measures, integral damage.
{"title":"Multifactory mathematical model of the dependence of the expected reduction of integrated damage from a number of preventive measures in the residential sector of Russia","authors":"D. V. Zobkov, N. L. Prisyazhnyuk, A. Tanygina","doi":"10.25257/tts.2022.3.97.100-118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25257/tts.2022.3.97.100-118","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. The article analyzes the statistical data of a number of preventive measures in the residential sectors of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation for the period 2020-2021, and based on these data, a multifactorial mathematical model is developed for assessing the dependence of the expected reduction in integral damage on a number of preventive measures. Significant and less significant factors of preventive measures that affect the number of deaths, injuries and damage from fire in residential sectors are identified. The optimal predictive value for the model was obtained and the zones of acceptable and unacceptable marginality were determined. Based on the calculations, an assessment of the levels of fire danger in the residential sectors of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation is presented, which were determined on the basis of an integral socio-economic indicator of fire risk. Targets and goals. The purpose of the study is to determine the significant and less significant factors of preventive measures in the residential sectors and to determine the optimal predictive value. Methods. To solve the research problems, the methods of system analysis, multiple regression, statistical analysis, mathematical statistics, etc. were used. Results and discussion. An analysis has been carried out and a multifactorial mathematical model of multiple regression of the dependence of the expected reduction in integral damage has been developed. By calculation, based on the analysis of the integral socio-economic indicator of fire risk, the regions of the Russian Federation with the most fire hazardous level of the residential sector were identified. Conclusion. A number of significant and less significant factors of preventive measures obtained in the work in the residential sectors of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation make it possible to improve management decisions in the field of preventive work and reduce the level of fire danger in the residential sector of the constituent entities of Russia. The model forecast showed that with an increase in significant factors = 60 %, = 80,4 %, = 86,4 %, = 91,2 %, the number of people killed in fires in the residential sector in 35 subjects decreases by 8, 95 people, with confidence limits. Keywords: residential sector, multiple regression, mathematical model, significant factors, fire danger level, fire risk, preventive measures, integral damage.","PeriodicalId":356653,"journal":{"name":"Technology of technosphere safety","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132310149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.25257/tts.2022.1.95.37-48
M. M. Shakhabov, A. Sivenkov
Introduction. The solution of the issue of assessing the fire resistance limit of metal structures under the influence of prolonged mechanical stress and environmental factors, as well as an objective assessment of their behavior in fire conditions should be inextricably linked with the aging process, leading to changes in the physical and chemical, mechanical properties of metals. The analysis of scientific works in the field of fire resistance of metal structures indicates that the aging process of metals is not actually taken into account when considering the issue of assessing the limits of fire resistance of these structures. It is not clear to what extent the aging factor of metals can influence the behavior of metal structures in fire conditions. In this regard, it is undoubtedly necessary to develop scientific ideas about the behavior of metal structures in fire conditions, taking into account the duration of their operation, the relationship of this behavior with processes occurring under prolonged exposure to environmental factors, as well as obtaining new experimental data on the limits of fire resistance of metal structures of various service life. Aims and purposes. Formation of scientific opinion on the peculiarities of the influence of the duration of operation of metal structures on their fire resistance. Methods. The article used the method of analytical research based on the results of the analysis of works in the field of metal aging processes, taking into account the prolonged impact of mechanical stress and various environmental factors. Results and their discussion. Based on the results of the analysis of theoretical and experimental studies, it is suggested that the fire resistance of metal structures may decrease as a result of their prolonged operation. The possibility of reducing the fire resistance of metal structures is based on the research results of many authors, whose works revealed characteristic changes in the chemical composition, structural elements, properties of metals as a result of prolonged operation of metal structures. Conclusion. The result of the analysis of scientific papers shows that the long-term operation of metal structures and the impact of various environmental factors can lead to a decrease in the limits of their fire resistance. The possibility of reducing the fire resistance of metal structures as a result of their long-term operation, which was not previously taken into account in regulatory documents and the calculation methodology for assessing fire resistance, is considered. Keywords: fire resistance, fire resistance limit, metals, steel structures, service life, aging.
{"title":"On the effect of the duration of operation of metal structures on their fire resistance","authors":"M. M. Shakhabov, A. Sivenkov","doi":"10.25257/tts.2022.1.95.37-48","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25257/tts.2022.1.95.37-48","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. The solution of the issue of assessing the fire resistance limit of metal structures under the influence of prolonged mechanical stress and environmental factors, as well as an objective assessment of their behavior in fire conditions should be inextricably linked with the aging process, leading to changes in the physical and chemical, mechanical properties of metals. The analysis of scientific works in the field of fire resistance of metal structures indicates that the aging process of metals is not actually taken into account when considering the issue of assessing the limits of fire resistance of these structures. It is not clear to what extent the aging factor of metals can influence the behavior of metal structures in fire conditions. In this regard, it is undoubtedly necessary to develop scientific ideas about the behavior of metal structures in fire conditions, taking into account the duration of their operation, the relationship of this behavior with processes occurring under prolonged exposure to environmental factors, as well as obtaining new experimental data on the limits of fire resistance of metal structures of various service life. Aims and purposes. Formation of scientific opinion on the peculiarities of the influence of the duration of operation of metal structures on their fire resistance. Methods. The article used the method of analytical research based on the results of the analysis of works in the field of metal aging processes, taking into account the prolonged impact of mechanical stress and various environmental factors. Results and their discussion. Based on the results of the analysis of theoretical and experimental studies, it is suggested that the fire resistance of metal structures may decrease as a result of their prolonged operation. The possibility of reducing the fire resistance of metal structures is based on the research results of many authors, whose works revealed characteristic changes in the chemical composition, structural elements, properties of metals as a result of prolonged operation of metal structures. Conclusion. The result of the analysis of scientific papers shows that the long-term operation of metal structures and the impact of various environmental factors can lead to a decrease in the limits of their fire resistance. The possibility of reducing the fire resistance of metal structures as a result of their long-term operation, which was not previously taken into account in regulatory documents and the calculation methodology for assessing fire resistance, is considered. Keywords: fire resistance, fire resistance limit, metals, steel structures, service life, aging.","PeriodicalId":356653,"journal":{"name":"Technology of technosphere safety","volume":"62 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133533436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.25257/tts.2021.3.93.137-151
Y. Motorygin, G. Sikorova
Introduction. Every year, the number of registered motor vehicles in Russia increases, with an increase of 30 % over the past 10 years. The desire to extend the service life of existing vehicles leads to an increase in breakdowns that lead to fire. The task of identifying places where there was an emergency situation that led to a fire is difficult, especially in the case of a complete burnout of the fuel load of the car. Goals and objectives. The purpose of the work is to create a methodology by which it is possible to conduct studies of cold-formed steel products of the vehicle body to determine the zone of the greatest thermal damage. Each method determines one of the characteristics that changes when the steel is exposed to high temperatures. The main task of the work is to test the possibility of applying these methods in a certain sequence to determine the zone that has undergone more annealing. Research methods. The complex method includes induction thickness measurement, which allows measuring the thickness of a layer of high-temperature oxide; a method for measuring the coercive force or demagnetization currents, as well as a method for measuring microhardness. The latter method will determine the decrease in the hardness of the vehicle body after exposure to high temperatures. Results and its discussion. The obtained data on the degree of thermal damage to cold-deformed steel products of the car body by three independent field methods will increase the reliability of the combustion start zone, which in turn will determine the search zone for the cause of ignition. Conclusion. Determining the specific cause of the fire during the maintenance, repair and operation of vehicles will allow you to exclude similar emergency modes in the future. The introduction of a comprehensive method for investigating the condition of an object after a fire will significantly increase the level of reliability of the results obtained when searching for a breakdown that led to a fire. Keywords: fire source, car body, thermal changes, field methods, complex technique, magnetic properties, scale thickness, microhardness
{"title":"A comprehensive method for studying the degree of thermal damage to steel elements of vehicles using field methods","authors":"Y. Motorygin, G. Sikorova","doi":"10.25257/tts.2021.3.93.137-151","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25257/tts.2021.3.93.137-151","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Every year, the number of registered motor vehicles in Russia increases, with an increase of 30 % over the past 10 years. The desire to extend the service life of existing vehicles leads to an increase in breakdowns that lead to fire. The task of identifying places where there was an emergency situation that led to a fire is difficult, especially in the case of a complete burnout of the fuel load of the car. Goals and objectives. The purpose of the work is to create a methodology by which it is possible to conduct studies of cold-formed steel products of the vehicle body to determine the zone of the greatest thermal damage. Each method determines one of the characteristics that changes when the steel is exposed to high temperatures. The main task of the work is to test the possibility of applying these methods in a certain sequence to determine the zone that has undergone more annealing. Research methods. The complex method includes induction thickness measurement, which allows measuring the thickness of a layer of high-temperature oxide; a method for measuring the coercive force or demagnetization currents, as well as a method for measuring microhardness. The latter method will determine the decrease in the hardness of the vehicle body after exposure to high temperatures. Results and its discussion. The obtained data on the degree of thermal damage to cold-deformed steel products of the car body by three independent field methods will increase the reliability of the combustion start zone, which in turn will determine the search zone for the cause of ignition. Conclusion. Determining the specific cause of the fire during the maintenance, repair and operation of vehicles will allow you to exclude similar emergency modes in the future. The introduction of a comprehensive method for investigating the condition of an object after a fire will significantly increase the level of reliability of the results obtained when searching for a breakdown that led to a fire. Keywords: fire source, car body, thermal changes, field methods, complex technique, magnetic properties, scale thickness, microhardness","PeriodicalId":356653,"journal":{"name":"Technology of technosphere safety","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131453352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.25257/tts.2021.1.91.33-41
E. Yagodka, D. Drozdov
Introduction. The paper describes the results of a model experiment to test the performance of a special technical device for descending children from the height of the rope Park route, the theoretical model of which was previously proposed by the authors. Taking into account the results of the experiment and using the theory of solving inventive tasks, a model of a new trigger device was developed and tested. Goals and objectives. The main purpose of the study is to check the functioning of the trigger device with previously defined required parameters, including an assessment of the performance of the brake mechanism, checking the required descent speed, as well as a preliminary assessment of the reliability of a special technical device. Methods. The research used well-known scientific methods: analysis, synthesis, field experiment, theory of inventive problem solving, graph theory. Results and discussion. The results of the study showed that the previously proposed device can be used for timely evacuation of children, but it requires design improvements to increase its versatility - to ensure that it can be used for lowering children weighing from 15 to 40 kg. Tests of the new model of the device have shown its effectiveness and the possibility of using it for descending children of various weights at the required safe speed. At the same time, all the nodal parts of the device function coherently, and no malfunctions were detected either during or after the experiment. Conclusion. It was found as a result of the study that the development of a trigger device based on a new model is a promising task with a guaranteed positive result. Using the theory of solving inventive tasks allows us to increase the efficiency of creative activity and minimize the cost of finding the "right" solution. Keywords: rope park, descent device, evacuation, experiment, physical model, theory of solving inventive problem
{"title":"Development and experimental testing of special technical devices for evacuation of children from rope parks","authors":"E. Yagodka, D. Drozdov","doi":"10.25257/tts.2021.1.91.33-41","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25257/tts.2021.1.91.33-41","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. The paper describes the results of a model experiment to test the performance of a special technical device for descending children from the height of the rope Park route, the theoretical model of which was previously proposed by the authors. Taking into account the results of the experiment and using the theory of solving inventive tasks, a model of a new trigger device was developed and tested. Goals and objectives. The main purpose of the study is to check the functioning of the trigger device with previously defined required parameters, including an assessment of the performance of the brake mechanism, checking the required descent speed, as well as a preliminary assessment of the reliability of a special technical device. Methods. The research used well-known scientific methods: analysis, synthesis, field experiment, theory of inventive problem solving, graph theory. Results and discussion. The results of the study showed that the previously proposed device can be used for timely evacuation of children, but it requires design improvements to increase its versatility - to ensure that it can be used for lowering children weighing from 15 to 40 kg. Tests of the new model of the device have shown its effectiveness and the possibility of using it for descending children of various weights at the required safe speed. At the same time, all the nodal parts of the device function coherently, and no malfunctions were detected either during or after the experiment. Conclusion. It was found as a result of the study that the development of a trigger device based on a new model is a promising task with a guaranteed positive result. Using the theory of solving inventive tasks allows us to increase the efficiency of creative activity and minimize the cost of finding the \"right\" solution. Keywords: rope park, descent device, evacuation, experiment, physical model, theory of solving inventive problem","PeriodicalId":356653,"journal":{"name":"Technology of technosphere safety","volume":"141 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131865692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.25257/tts.2021.3.93.126-136
A. Poroshin, V. V. Kharin, E. V. Bobrinev, E. I. Udavtsova, A. A. Kondashov
Introduction. The change in the speed of the fire and rescue subdivisions to the place of call, depending on the time of day, is studied. The study is related to the determination of the locations of fire departments. Goals and objectives. The study of the parameters of the rapid response of fire and rescue units was carried out. For cities of the Russian Federation with a population of more than 1 million inhabitants of the Russian Federation for the period 2019-2021, statistical distributions by hours of the day of the number of trips to fires of fire and rescue units, the speed of mobile vehicles, the time of travel to the place of call are constructed. The share of departures for which the arrival time of the first fire and rescue unit exceeds the standard value established by Federal Law of July 22, 2008 No. 123-FZ is determined. Results and discussion. As a result of the study, it was revealed that the maximum value of the speed of following fire and rescue units is observed in the daytime from 10 to 15 hours - 34 km/h, the minimum value is reached at night during the period from 1 to 3 hours - 31 km/h. A study of the parameters of the functioning of fire and rescue units in cities with a population of more than 1 million inhabitants showed that the operational load on fire and rescue units in the daytime increases significantly, which can lead to an adjustment of the plan for attracting forces and resources, when, when a call is received, the guard on duty will be already busy serving another call. These circumstances lead to an increase in the travel time of fire and rescue divisions. As a result, the share of calls for which 123-FZ norms are not met is increasing. The share of such trips during the daytime increases to 18 % versus 8-10 % at night. Conclusions. When determining the locations of fire and rescue units, it is necessary to take into account peak loads that occur during the day. Keywords: fire and rescue subdivisions, speed of following, time of following, area of normative service, composition of forces and means
{"title":"Assessment of the parameters of the rapid response of fire and rescue units depending on the time of day","authors":"A. Poroshin, V. V. Kharin, E. V. Bobrinev, E. I. Udavtsova, A. A. Kondashov","doi":"10.25257/tts.2021.3.93.126-136","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25257/tts.2021.3.93.126-136","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. The change in the speed of the fire and rescue subdivisions to the place of call, depending on the time of day, is studied. The study is related to the determination of the locations of fire departments. Goals and objectives. The study of the parameters of the rapid response of fire and rescue units was carried out. For cities of the Russian Federation with a population of more than 1 million inhabitants of the Russian Federation for the period 2019-2021, statistical distributions by hours of the day of the number of trips to fires of fire and rescue units, the speed of mobile vehicles, the time of travel to the place of call are constructed. The share of departures for which the arrival time of the first fire and rescue unit exceeds the standard value established by Federal Law of July 22, 2008 No. 123-FZ is determined. Results and discussion. As a result of the study, it was revealed that the maximum value of the speed of following fire and rescue units is observed in the daytime from 10 to 15 hours - 34 km/h, the minimum value is reached at night during the period from 1 to 3 hours - 31 km/h. A study of the parameters of the functioning of fire and rescue units in cities with a population of more than 1 million inhabitants showed that the operational load on fire and rescue units in the daytime increases significantly, which can lead to an adjustment of the plan for attracting forces and resources, when, when a call is received, the guard on duty will be already busy serving another call. These circumstances lead to an increase in the travel time of fire and rescue divisions. As a result, the share of calls for which 123-FZ norms are not met is increasing. The share of such trips during the daytime increases to 18 % versus 8-10 % at night. Conclusions. When determining the locations of fire and rescue units, it is necessary to take into account peak loads that occur during the day. Keywords: fire and rescue subdivisions, speed of following, time of following, area of normative service, composition of forces and means","PeriodicalId":356653,"journal":{"name":"Technology of technosphere safety","volume":"68 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133615343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.25257/tts.2022.4.98.144-157
M. Prus, Miras Sabyrgalievich Zhubanov, Jurij Vital'evich Prus
Introduction. As a rule, the quantitative assessment of the probabilistic characteristics of multicomponent risks involves the analysis of a large amount of statistical data, but quite often the available sample datasets are not representative or do not meet the requirements for the organization of systematic statistical accounting. Therefore, the scientific substantiation of the admissibility of using expert methods for quantitative assessments of the probabilistic parameters of rare events and phenomena is one of the urgent problems in the field of risk analysis and safety modeling of sociotechnical systems. The purpose of the study is to construct a numerical method for determining the probabilistic parameters of a stochastic model of multicomponent risks based on the procedure of paired comparisons by experts of the possibilities of various outcomes when a threat is realized and accepting a hypothesis about a functional relationship between the results of subjective assessment and objective measurement of probabilities. Methods. When constructing a numerical method, the procedure of pairwise comparisons is performed by experts for particular conditional probabilities of the occurrence of various consequences of the impact of hazardous factors on protected objects related to the given options for performing a set of protection functions. Determining a specific type of functional relationship between the results of a subjective assessment and an objective measurement of probabilities is possible on the basis of a retrospective forecast with the selection of a parameter that achieves the best correspondence between the simulated damage and real statistical data. Results and discussion. A numerical method is proposed for determining the probabilistic characteristics of multicomponent risks, based on the objectification of expert estimates of the probabilities of possible outcomes when exposed to hazardous factors on protected objects. The method of calculating subjective probabilities and their representation in a rank scale with further conversion into numerical values of the scale of ratios of the corresponding objective probabilities is substantiated. Findings. The application of the proposed numerical method for determining the probabilistic characteristics of multicomponent risks based on expert assessments is possible provided that a functional relationship is set between the results of a subjective assessment of the possibility of outcomes and an objective measurement of their probabilities in accordance with Stevens' psychophysical law. Keywords: expert assessments, multicomponent risks, psychophysical law, measurement theory.
{"title":"Numerical method for determining the probabilistic characteristics of individual multicomponent risks","authors":"M. Prus, Miras Sabyrgalievich Zhubanov, Jurij Vital'evich Prus","doi":"10.25257/tts.2022.4.98.144-157","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25257/tts.2022.4.98.144-157","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. As a rule, the quantitative assessment of the probabilistic characteristics of multicomponent risks involves the analysis of a large amount of statistical data, but quite often the available sample datasets are not representative or do not meet the requirements for the organization of systematic statistical accounting. Therefore, the scientific substantiation of the admissibility of using expert methods for quantitative assessments of the probabilistic parameters of rare events and phenomena is one of the urgent problems in the field of risk analysis and safety modeling of sociotechnical systems. The purpose of the study is to construct a numerical method for determining the probabilistic parameters of a stochastic model of multicomponent risks based on the procedure of paired comparisons by experts of the possibilities of various outcomes when a threat is realized and accepting a hypothesis about a functional relationship between the results of subjective assessment and objective measurement of probabilities. Methods. When constructing a numerical method, the procedure of pairwise comparisons is performed by experts for particular conditional probabilities of the occurrence of various consequences of the impact of hazardous factors on protected objects related to the given options for performing a set of protection functions. Determining a specific type of functional relationship between the results of a subjective assessment and an objective measurement of probabilities is possible on the basis of a retrospective forecast with the selection of a parameter that achieves the best correspondence between the simulated damage and real statistical data. Results and discussion. A numerical method is proposed for determining the probabilistic characteristics of multicomponent risks, based on the objectification of expert estimates of the probabilities of possible outcomes when exposed to hazardous factors on protected objects. The method of calculating subjective probabilities and their representation in a rank scale with further conversion into numerical values of the scale of ratios of the corresponding objective probabilities is substantiated. Findings. The application of the proposed numerical method for determining the probabilistic characteristics of multicomponent risks based on expert assessments is possible provided that a functional relationship is set between the results of a subjective assessment of the possibility of outcomes and an objective measurement of their probabilities in accordance with Stevens' psychophysical law. Keywords: expert assessments, multicomponent risks, psychophysical law, measurement theory.","PeriodicalId":356653,"journal":{"name":"Technology of technosphere safety","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122281756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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