Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.25257/tts.2022.3.97.74-83
D. A. Petrilin
Introduction. The annual number of fires at the facilities of the petrochemical industry is increasing. Spontaneous combustion of pyrophoric corrosive deposits is one of the main sources of ignition. The large damage caused by fires on tanks with sulfur oil indicates a serious danger of the formation of pyrophoric corrosive deposits on the surface of oil tanks. The purpose of the study. Analyze the fire and explosion hazard of the formation of pyro-form corrosion deposits on the surface of oil tanks. The tasks of the work: - analysis of statistics of accidents that occurred at the facilities of the petrochemical industry; - analysis of fires that occurred due to spontaneous combustion of pyrophoric corrosive deposits; - analysis of the danger of formation of corrosive deposits on the surface of oil tanks, protection systems against them. Methods. In the course of the work, methods of comparison, description, generalization were used. The information basis of the study was various literary sources, regulatory documents, materials of fire analysis at tank farms. Results and discussion. The practice of operating oil tanks during the storage of sulfurous oil and the origin of fires shows that modern methods of corrosion protection are ineffective. It is necessary to adjust the existing regulatory and legal documentation in the field of improving the fire and explosion safety of petrochemical industry facilities, to develop new, more effective means of anticorrosion protection of tanks with sulfurous oil. One of the methods to protect the oil tank from corrosion is to apply protective coatings on the inner surface of the tank. However, modern anticorrosive coatings do not have the required protective ability. Conclusion. The corrosion protection system currently used is insufficiently effective. At the same time, the problem of protecting the inner surface of sulfurous oil tanks by applying anticorrosion paint coatings has not been sufficiently studied. Therefore, a more thorough study of this issue is necessary in order to increase the fire and explosion safety of sulfur oil tanks. Keywords: fire and explosion safety, tank, corrosion, pyrophores, protection, oil, sulfur.
{"title":"Analysis of the fire and explosion hazard of the formation of corrosive deposits on the inner surface of tanks with sulfurous oil","authors":"D. A. Petrilin","doi":"10.25257/tts.2022.3.97.74-83","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25257/tts.2022.3.97.74-83","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. The annual number of fires at the facilities of the petrochemical industry is increasing. Spontaneous combustion of pyrophoric corrosive deposits is one of the main sources of ignition. The large damage caused by fires on tanks with sulfur oil indicates a serious danger of the formation of pyrophoric corrosive deposits on the surface of oil tanks. The purpose of the study. Analyze the fire and explosion hazard of the formation of pyro-form corrosion deposits on the surface of oil tanks. The tasks of the work: - analysis of statistics of accidents that occurred at the facilities of the petrochemical industry; - analysis of fires that occurred due to spontaneous combustion of pyrophoric corrosive deposits; - analysis of the danger of formation of corrosive deposits on the surface of oil tanks, protection systems against them. Methods. In the course of the work, methods of comparison, description, generalization were used. The information basis of the study was various literary sources, regulatory documents, materials of fire analysis at tank farms. Results and discussion. The practice of operating oil tanks during the storage of sulfurous oil and the origin of fires shows that modern methods of corrosion protection are ineffective. It is necessary to adjust the existing regulatory and legal documentation in the field of improving the fire and explosion safety of petrochemical industry facilities, to develop new, more effective means of anticorrosion protection of tanks with sulfurous oil. One of the methods to protect the oil tank from corrosion is to apply protective coatings on the inner surface of the tank. However, modern anticorrosive coatings do not have the required protective ability. Conclusion. The corrosion protection system currently used is insufficiently effective. At the same time, the problem of protecting the inner surface of sulfurous oil tanks by applying anticorrosion paint coatings has not been sufficiently studied. Therefore, a more thorough study of this issue is necessary in order to increase the fire and explosion safety of sulfur oil tanks. Keywords: fire and explosion safety, tank, corrosion, pyrophores, protection, oil, sulfur.","PeriodicalId":356653,"journal":{"name":"Technology of technosphere safety","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132592364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.25257/tts.2022.3.97.171-189
A. I. Ovsyanik, Yuri N. Kosenok
Introduction. The article reveals the concept of "dangerous state", formulated the task of modeling the impact of hazardous factors on the system "Critical object – ecological environment", taking into account the interaction of elements in the subsystem "Potentially dangerous object – environment". Goals and objectives. On the basis of a systematic approach to the analysis of the elements of the system "Critical object – ecological environment" to substantiate the system of indicators of the protection of the subsystem "Potentially dangerous object – environment" and a system of indicators of the impact on the system under study and its subsystems of dangerous factors of the aggressive environment, taking into account the modeling of the impact of natural factors and human impact. Methods. To form a system of subsystem security indicators "Potentially dangerous object – environment" and systems of indicators of the impact on the system under study and its subsystems of dangerous factors of aggressive environment used methods of mathematical modeling of various states of subsystems, methods of probability theory, analytical methods for assessing the security and survivability of objects and complexes, methods of disaster theory. Results and discussion. As a result of a systematic approach to the analysis of the system "Critical object – ecological environment", the following conclusions are substantiated. Justification of subsystem security indicators "A potentially dangerous object – environment" is based on the security model of its subsystems. The system of indicators of the impact on the studied system and its subsystems of hazardous factors of an aggressive environment is based on models of the impact of natural factors and human factors. These include: - model of the impact of damaging elements on the elements of the subsystem "inventory storage facility – environment"; - model of shock-wave impact in case of an accident on the elements of the subsystem "object of storage of stocks – environment"; - model of the effect of polluting compounds in the air on the elements of the subsystem "storage facility – environment"; - model of the impact of a landscape fire on the elements of the subsystem "inventory storage facility – environment". - model of violators' access to stocks on potentially hazardous facility at their storage facilities; - model of countering terrorism in the system "object of storage of stocks – environment"; - model for predicting emergencies in case of violation of safety regulations by maintenance personnel in the subsystem "object of work with reserves environment". Conclusions. The concept of "dangerous state" is disclosed, the indicators of the protection of a potentially dangerous object are justified, the indicators of the impact of dangerous factors in the subsystem are justified "A potentially dangerous object is the environment". Keywords: dangerous condition, potentially dangerous object, system, environment, mode
{"title":"Modeling of the impact of hazardous factors on the system \"critical object - ecological environment","authors":"A. I. Ovsyanik, Yuri N. Kosenok","doi":"10.25257/tts.2022.3.97.171-189","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25257/tts.2022.3.97.171-189","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. The article reveals the concept of \"dangerous state\", formulated the task of modeling the impact of hazardous factors on the system \"Critical object – ecological environment\", taking into account the interaction of elements in the subsystem \"Potentially dangerous object – environment\". Goals and objectives. On the basis of a systematic approach to the analysis of the elements of the system \"Critical object – ecological environment\" to substantiate the system of indicators of the protection of the subsystem \"Potentially dangerous object – environment\" and a system of indicators of the impact on the system under study and its subsystems of dangerous factors of the aggressive environment, taking into account the modeling of the impact of natural factors and human impact. Methods. To form a system of subsystem security indicators \"Potentially dangerous object – environment\" and systems of indicators of the impact on the system under study and its subsystems of dangerous factors of aggressive environment used methods of mathematical modeling of various states of subsystems, methods of probability theory, analytical methods for assessing the security and survivability of objects and complexes, methods of disaster theory. Results and discussion. As a result of a systematic approach to the analysis of the system \"Critical object – ecological environment\", the following conclusions are substantiated. Justification of subsystem security indicators \"A potentially dangerous object – environment\" is based on the security model of its subsystems. The system of indicators of the impact on the studied system and its subsystems of hazardous factors of an aggressive environment is based on models of the impact of natural factors and human factors. These include: - model of the impact of damaging elements on the elements of the subsystem \"inventory storage facility – environment\"; - model of shock-wave impact in case of an accident on the elements of the subsystem \"object of storage of stocks – environment\"; - model of the effect of polluting compounds in the air on the elements of the subsystem \"storage facility – environment\"; - model of the impact of a landscape fire on the elements of the subsystem \"inventory storage facility – environment\". - model of violators' access to stocks on potentially hazardous facility at their storage facilities; - model of countering terrorism in the system \"object of storage of stocks – environment\"; - model for predicting emergencies in case of violation of safety regulations by maintenance personnel in the subsystem \"object of work with reserves environment\". Conclusions. The concept of \"dangerous state\" is disclosed, the indicators of the protection of a potentially dangerous object are justified, the indicators of the impact of dangerous factors in the subsystem are justified \"A potentially dangerous object is the environment\". Keywords: dangerous condition, potentially dangerous object, system, environment, mode","PeriodicalId":356653,"journal":{"name":"Technology of technosphere safety","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131821690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.25257/tts.2019.4.86.96-103
E. A. Mzokova, A. Ishchenko, I. A. Votchenko
{"title":"Rationale for improving the system of informing participants of fire extinguishing about the existing risk in the performance of the main task","authors":"E. A. Mzokova, A. Ishchenko, I. A. Votchenko","doi":"10.25257/tts.2019.4.86.96-103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25257/tts.2019.4.86.96-103","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":356653,"journal":{"name":"Technology of technosphere safety","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132883013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction. Liquefied hydrocarbon gases (LHG) are widely used in various fields. The main components of LHG are: propane, isobutane and n-butane, which are not only combustible, but also explosive gases capable of detonation combustion. The detection of LHG in the air is a very urgent task in expert studies. To determine the component composition of various flammable liquids, for the purpose of their identification, chromatographs equipped with a capillary quartz column with a phase that allows detecting saturated hydrocarbons of the homologous series from pentane to pentatetracontane inclusive are used in the Forensic Expertise Institutions of Federal Fire Service of EMERCOM of Russia. However, it is not possible to analyze the component composition of lighter hydrocarbons according to the previously proposed and used in expert practice method for detecting and studying flammable liquids/high liquids under these conditions. To solve the problem of unification of the use of the instrumental base for the detection of residues of flammable liquids, liquid liquids and light hydrocarbons, new chromatography conditions were selected using the existing equipment set. Goals and objectives. The aim of the study is to select the analysis conditions for detecting the remains of liquefied hydrocarbon gases after explosions of steam-air mixtures on the basis of the instrumental gas chromatographic complex in service with the Forensic Expertise Institutions of Federal Fire Service of EMERCOM of Russia. Research methods. To detect and determine the composition of residues of combustible components during explosions of vapor-gas-air mixtures, a hardware-software instrumental complex based on a gas-liquid chromatograph equipped with a flame ionization detector, a ZB-50 capillary column, and an attachment from a two-stage thermal desorber was used. Results and its discussion. In the course of the study, the optimal conditions for conducting gas chromatographic analysis were defined and selected in order to detect liquefied hydrocarbon gases. Recommended pressures are given for various carrier gases. It is shown that, by varying the pressure and inlet temperature, light hydrocarbons propane, butane, isobutane is fairly well separated on a gas-liquid chromatograph with a flame ionization detector and on a ZB-50 capillary column 30 meters long. Conclusion. The research shows that the problem of combining a hardware-software instrumental complex based on a gas chromatograph with an attachment from a two-stage thermal desorber used for the analysis of two groups of substances (liquefied hydrocarbons and flammable liquids, gas liquids) is solved by varying the pressure and temperature of the input. Keywords: gas-liquid chromatography, thermal desorption, liquefied petroleum gases, light hydrocarbons, air-fuel mixtures, vapor-gas-air mixtures, explosion, fire examination.
{"title":"Detection of residues and determination of the composition of combustible components in case of explosions of vapor-gas-air mixtures","authors":"Larisa Anatolyevna Yatsenko, M.Y Printseva, Ilya Danilovich Cheshko, Artur Alexandrovich Tumanovsky","doi":"10.25257/tts.2022.3.97.51-60","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25257/tts.2022.3.97.51-60","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Liquefied hydrocarbon gases (LHG) are widely used in various fields. The main components of LHG are: propane, isobutane and n-butane, which are not only combustible, but also explosive gases capable of detonation combustion. The detection of LHG in the air is a very urgent task in expert studies. To determine the component composition of various flammable liquids, for the purpose of their identification, chromatographs equipped with a capillary quartz column with a phase that allows detecting saturated hydrocarbons of the homologous series from pentane to pentatetracontane inclusive are used in the Forensic Expertise Institutions of Federal Fire Service of EMERCOM of Russia. However, it is not possible to analyze the component composition of lighter hydrocarbons according to the previously proposed and used in expert practice method for detecting and studying flammable liquids/high liquids under these conditions. To solve the problem of unification of the use of the instrumental base for the detection of residues of flammable liquids, liquid liquids and light hydrocarbons, new chromatography conditions were selected using the existing equipment set. Goals and objectives. The aim of the study is to select the analysis conditions for detecting the remains of liquefied hydrocarbon gases after explosions of steam-air mixtures on the basis of the instrumental gas chromatographic complex in service with the Forensic Expertise Institutions of Federal Fire Service of EMERCOM of Russia. Research methods. To detect and determine the composition of residues of combustible components during explosions of vapor-gas-air mixtures, a hardware-software instrumental complex based on a gas-liquid chromatograph equipped with a flame ionization detector, a ZB-50 capillary column, and an attachment from a two-stage thermal desorber was used. Results and its discussion. In the course of the study, the optimal conditions for conducting gas chromatographic analysis were defined and selected in order to detect liquefied hydrocarbon gases. Recommended pressures are given for various carrier gases. It is shown that, by varying the pressure and inlet temperature, light hydrocarbons propane, butane, isobutane is fairly well separated on a gas-liquid chromatograph with a flame ionization detector and on a ZB-50 capillary column 30 meters long. Conclusion. The research shows that the problem of combining a hardware-software instrumental complex based on a gas chromatograph with an attachment from a two-stage thermal desorber used for the analysis of two groups of substances (liquefied hydrocarbons and flammable liquids, gas liquids) is solved by varying the pressure and temperature of the input. Keywords: gas-liquid chromatography, thermal desorption, liquefied petroleum gases, light hydrocarbons, air-fuel mixtures, vapor-gas-air mixtures, explosion, fire examination.","PeriodicalId":356653,"journal":{"name":"Technology of technosphere safety","volume":"196 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129314426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.25257/tts.2021.4.94.20-33
N. Topolsky, E. N. Mineev, G. N. Malashenkov, M. S. Mintcaev, D. S. Beresnev
Introduction. The occurrence of severe consequences of accidents in the electrical networks of industrial facilities depends on how correctly the automated systems for protection, detection and extinguishing of fire are selected. One of the reasons for the occurrence of a fire hazardous situation in electrical networks is the violation of the insulation and sheath of the electrical cable due to its aging or mechanical damage. Timely detection of the pre-fire state of electrical equipment is ensured by using an automated control system for electrical equipment using a differential leakage current transformer (DLCT). The automated control system for electrical equipment using a differential leakage current transformer is designed for early detection of the location of current leakage in the protected power and (or) lighting group (the electric motor and the power cable supplying it and other parts of the electrical equipment) and the issuance of information to the post with permanent duty personnel. Targets and goals. Improving fire safety of industrial facilities by using an automated control system for electrical equipment using a differential leakage current transformer. Methods. To obtain the results, general scientific and special methods of scientific knowledge were used: analysis, synthesis, generalization, which were based on the provisions of the theory of probability and the theory of reliability. Research results. It is proposed to use DLCT for the protection of high-current electrical receivers in various sections of networks, taking into account selectivity as part of an automated fire prevention system. Conclusions. The use of an automated control system for electrical equipment upon detection of leakage currents makes it possible to: - timely detection of the place of occurrence of leakage currents, detection of the pre-fire condition of electrical cables by leakage currents; - transmission of information about the state of electrical cables to a higher level of the automated control system for electrical equipment; - disconnection of the cable line from power sources and power consumers on command from a programmable controller; - preventing the spread of fire along the cable route and along adjacent structural elements, enclosing structures and technological units; - activation of executive devices by the operator in an automated mode. Key words: accident, analysis, fire, explosion, risk, statistics, reliability, electrical equipment.
{"title":"The use of differential leakage current transformers in an automated fire prevention system in the power grid of industrial facilities","authors":"N. Topolsky, E. N. Mineev, G. N. Malashenkov, M. S. Mintcaev, D. S. Beresnev","doi":"10.25257/tts.2021.4.94.20-33","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25257/tts.2021.4.94.20-33","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. The occurrence of severe consequences of accidents in the electrical networks of industrial facilities depends on how correctly the automated systems for protection, detection and extinguishing of fire are selected. One of the reasons for the occurrence of a fire hazardous situation in electrical networks is the violation of the insulation and sheath of the electrical cable due to its aging or mechanical damage. Timely detection of the pre-fire state of electrical equipment is ensured by using an automated control system for electrical equipment using a differential leakage current transformer (DLCT). The automated control system for electrical equipment using a differential leakage current transformer is designed for early detection of the location of current leakage in the protected power and (or) lighting group (the electric motor and the power cable supplying it and other parts of the electrical equipment) and the issuance of information to the post with permanent duty personnel. Targets and goals. Improving fire safety of industrial facilities by using an automated control system for electrical equipment using a differential leakage current transformer. Methods. To obtain the results, general scientific and special methods of scientific knowledge were used: analysis, synthesis, generalization, which were based on the provisions of the theory of probability and the theory of reliability. Research results. It is proposed to use DLCT for the protection of high-current electrical receivers in various sections of networks, taking into account selectivity as part of an automated fire prevention system. Conclusions. The use of an automated control system for electrical equipment upon detection of leakage currents makes it possible to: - timely detection of the place of occurrence of leakage currents, detection of the pre-fire condition of electrical cables by leakage currents; - transmission of information about the state of electrical cables to a higher level of the automated control system for electrical equipment; - disconnection of the cable line from power sources and power consumers on command from a programmable controller; - preventing the spread of fire along the cable route and along adjacent structural elements, enclosing structures and technological units; - activation of executive devices by the operator in an automated mode. Key words: accident, analysis, fire, explosion, risk, statistics, reliability, electrical equipment.","PeriodicalId":356653,"journal":{"name":"Technology of technosphere safety","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131368700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.25257/tts.2022.4.98.43-51
Vladimir Vyacheslavovich Kuzmin, A. V. Klygin, V. N. Mikhalkin, Platon Viktorovich Mikhalkin
Introduction. In accordance with the training plan for students and cadets of higher technical educational institutions of EMERCOM of Russia, when studying Molecular Physics, the laboratory work "Determination of the viscosity coefficient of a liquid by the Stokes method" is performed. The need for this work is due to the fact that students are visually familiar with the phenomenon of transfer in liquids, since in the future, when solving problems of hydraulics and when operating fire equipment, it is necessary to take into account the viscosity of the liquid. Goals and objectives. The aim of the study is to modernize the laboratory method for determining the viscosity of a liquid by the Stokes method, since an analysis of the published descriptions of this work shows that the relative error in determining the viscosity is 15 percent or more. Methods. To reduce the error in determining the viscosity coefficient of the liquid, video recording of the ball falling in the test liquid was used, followed by graphical processing of the experimental results to calculate the constant speed of the ball and the area in which a constant speed is observed. Results and discussion. The method was tested on the example of determining the viscosity coefficient of glycerin. Examples of computer-graphical processing of the results of experiments for calculating the constant velocity of the ball falling in glycerin are given. It is shown that a tenfold deceleration of the video recording of the fall of a steel ball in glycerin practically does not affect the result of processing its position during the fall and the value of the constant velocity. A visual picture of the movement of a ball in glycerin in the center of a dimensional glass cylinder is obtained. The liquid flows around the ball in laminar mode, which makes it possible to apply the Stokes dependence for the resistance force. Conclusions. It is shown that the proposed method of optical video recording of the ball falling in glycerin allows measuring a constant rate of fall with an error of less than 0.2 %. The laboratory work on determining the viscosity coefficient of a liquid by the Stokes method has been modernized, which allows determining the viscosity coefficient with an error of less than 4 %. Keywords: viscosity coefficient, glycerin, Stokes method, laboratory technique.
{"title":"Advanced laboratory workshop on the determination of the viscosity coefficient of liquids by the Stokes method","authors":"Vladimir Vyacheslavovich Kuzmin, A. V. Klygin, V. N. Mikhalkin, Platon Viktorovich Mikhalkin","doi":"10.25257/tts.2022.4.98.43-51","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25257/tts.2022.4.98.43-51","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. In accordance with the training plan for students and cadets of higher technical educational institutions of EMERCOM of Russia, when studying Molecular Physics, the laboratory work \"Determination of the viscosity coefficient of a liquid by the Stokes method\" is performed. The need for this work is due to the fact that students are visually familiar with the phenomenon of transfer in liquids, since in the future, when solving problems of hydraulics and when operating fire equipment, it is necessary to take into account the viscosity of the liquid. Goals and objectives. The aim of the study is to modernize the laboratory method for determining the viscosity of a liquid by the Stokes method, since an analysis of the published descriptions of this work shows that the relative error in determining the viscosity is 15 percent or more. Methods. To reduce the error in determining the viscosity coefficient of the liquid, video recording of the ball falling in the test liquid was used, followed by graphical processing of the experimental results to calculate the constant speed of the ball and the area in which a constant speed is observed. Results and discussion. The method was tested on the example of determining the viscosity coefficient of glycerin. Examples of computer-graphical processing of the results of experiments for calculating the constant velocity of the ball falling in glycerin are given. It is shown that a tenfold deceleration of the video recording of the fall of a steel ball in glycerin practically does not affect the result of processing its position during the fall and the value of the constant velocity. A visual picture of the movement of a ball in glycerin in the center of a dimensional glass cylinder is obtained. The liquid flows around the ball in laminar mode, which makes it possible to apply the Stokes dependence for the resistance force. Conclusions. It is shown that the proposed method of optical video recording of the ball falling in glycerin allows measuring a constant rate of fall with an error of less than 0.2 %. The laboratory work on determining the viscosity coefficient of a liquid by the Stokes method has been modernized, which allows determining the viscosity coefficient with an error of less than 4 %. Keywords: viscosity coefficient, glycerin, Stokes method, laboratory technique.","PeriodicalId":356653,"journal":{"name":"Technology of technosphere safety","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115474015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.25257/tts.2021.4.94.187-200
D. A. Berezhnoy, S. Butuzov, O. Kosorukov
Introduction. The author's methods of forecasting the threat of emergencies caused by hazardous meteorological conditions are considered to ensure the required level of safety, including on the territory of the Republic of Crimea. Research objective: increasing the efficiency of the warning system and informing the population about emergency situations caused by hazardous weather conditions. Methods. To solve the problem of decision-making when predicting emergency situations caused by hazardous meteorological conditions, the methods of the theory of fuzzy sets are used. The article presents a method for determining the criteria, with the help of which it is possible to establish exactly whether the presented object belongs to the corresponding class. To implement the goal of timely informing and alerting the population and services of the Unified State System for the Prevention and Response of Emergencies (RSChS), lowering the entropy of an adequate assessment of the situation and taking effective measures to preserve the life and health of people, it is proposed to rank the criteria by wind speed, precipitation and air temperature , according to the levels of danger, indicating specific preventive measures for the population, management bodies and RSChS services. Results and discussion. A method is presented for determining the criteria by which it is possible to establish exactly whether the presented object belongs to the appropriate class. The method allows you to determine to what level of danger the situation can go. Conclusions. As the analysis has shown, the likelihood of the occurrence of a yellow level of threat during the year is practically the same. At the same time, the likelihood of a deterioration in the situation with the already emerging yellow threat level in the autumn-winter period is slightly higher. When the wind speed reaches the upper boundaries of the yellow level of threat in the autumn-winter period, the situation worsens twice as often than with the same values of the indicators in the spring-summer period. Key words: meteorological conditions, forecasting, fuzzy set theory, decision support system.
{"title":"Modeling the threats of dangerous weather conditions using the theory of blurred sets","authors":"D. A. Berezhnoy, S. Butuzov, O. Kosorukov","doi":"10.25257/tts.2021.4.94.187-200","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25257/tts.2021.4.94.187-200","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. The author's methods of forecasting the threat of emergencies caused by hazardous meteorological conditions are considered to ensure the required level of safety, including on the territory of the Republic of Crimea. Research objective: increasing the efficiency of the warning system and informing the population about emergency situations caused by hazardous weather conditions. Methods. To solve the problem of decision-making when predicting emergency situations caused by hazardous meteorological conditions, the methods of the theory of fuzzy sets are used. The article presents a method for determining the criteria, with the help of which it is possible to establish exactly whether the presented object belongs to the corresponding class. To implement the goal of timely informing and alerting the population and services of the Unified State System for the Prevention and Response of Emergencies (RSChS), lowering the entropy of an adequate assessment of the situation and taking effective measures to preserve the life and health of people, it is proposed to rank the criteria by wind speed, precipitation and air temperature , according to the levels of danger, indicating specific preventive measures for the population, management bodies and RSChS services. Results and discussion. A method is presented for determining the criteria by which it is possible to establish exactly whether the presented object belongs to the appropriate class. The method allows you to determine to what level of danger the situation can go. Conclusions. As the analysis has shown, the likelihood of the occurrence of a yellow level of threat during the year is practically the same. At the same time, the likelihood of a deterioration in the situation with the already emerging yellow threat level in the autumn-winter period is slightly higher. When the wind speed reaches the upper boundaries of the yellow level of threat in the autumn-winter period, the situation worsens twice as often than with the same values of the indicators in the spring-summer period. Key words: meteorological conditions, forecasting, fuzzy set theory, decision support system.","PeriodicalId":356653,"journal":{"name":"Technology of technosphere safety","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122781138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.25257/tts.2021.4.94.105-116
A. L. Khrulkevich, Y. Grebnev, A. Ovsyanik
Introduction. The article considers the risk of occurrence and development of an emergency situation caused by the occurrence of a landscape fire and the transition of a fire to technological buildings with further depressurization of containers containing chlorine. One of the threats to the city of Krasnoyarsk is chemically hazardous facilities that have the task of providing life support to the population and are located in complete isolation. These objects do not have a road connection with the coastline, which makes it practically impossible to use forces and means designed to respond to operational events at these objects in a timely manner. Goals and objectives. The aim of the study was to simulate the conditions of chlorine scattering during its accidental releases into the atmosphere and to identify the dependencies of the scattering parameters on the technological features of the release, weather conditions, as well as the characteristics of the environment where the release occurs. Methods. To simulate an emergency situation at a water treatment plant, the method of simulation modeling using the TOXI+Risk software product was used, and the method of neural network forecasting using the Scikit-Learn library in the Python programming language was used. Results and discussion. The simulation results demonstrated the possibility of using neural network modeling to solve the problem of short-term forecasting of the areas of dispersion of a chemically dangerous substance (chlorine). The analytical method and the neural network method are compared. Proposals have been developed to reduce the potential risk of an emergency. Conclusions. The use of a neural network model makes it possible to increase the speed of calculating the concentrations of AHS at various points in space in comparison with the use of a traditional integral model, as well as to assess the potential danger of scattering AHS in the event of destruction of the tank in the presence of a terrain model. However, the considered neural network model can predict the concentration exclusively in the training ranges of weather conditions. The combination of neural network and integrated models makes it possible to solve the problems of industrial safety under any circumstances. Key words: emergency chemically hazardous substance, emergency, chlorine, risk, threat, simulation modeling, forecasting, neural network model, analytical model.
{"title":"A model for estimating the influence of chlorine scattering at its emergency releases into the atmosphere at a potentially hazardous object in the city of Krasnoyarsk","authors":"A. L. Khrulkevich, Y. Grebnev, A. Ovsyanik","doi":"10.25257/tts.2021.4.94.105-116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25257/tts.2021.4.94.105-116","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. The article considers the risk of occurrence and development of an emergency situation caused by the occurrence of a landscape fire and the transition of a fire to technological buildings with further depressurization of containers containing chlorine. One of the threats to the city of Krasnoyarsk is chemically hazardous facilities that have the task of providing life support to the population and are located in complete isolation. These objects do not have a road connection with the coastline, which makes it practically impossible to use forces and means designed to respond to operational events at these objects in a timely manner. Goals and objectives. The aim of the study was to simulate the conditions of chlorine scattering during its accidental releases into the atmosphere and to identify the dependencies of the scattering parameters on the technological features of the release, weather conditions, as well as the characteristics of the environment where the release occurs. Methods. To simulate an emergency situation at a water treatment plant, the method of simulation modeling using the TOXI+Risk software product was used, and the method of neural network forecasting using the Scikit-Learn library in the Python programming language was used. Results and discussion. The simulation results demonstrated the possibility of using neural network modeling to solve the problem of short-term forecasting of the areas of dispersion of a chemically dangerous substance (chlorine). The analytical method and the neural network method are compared. Proposals have been developed to reduce the potential risk of an emergency. Conclusions. The use of a neural network model makes it possible to increase the speed of calculating the concentrations of AHS at various points in space in comparison with the use of a traditional integral model, as well as to assess the potential danger of scattering AHS in the event of destruction of the tank in the presence of a terrain model. However, the considered neural network model can predict the concentration exclusively in the training ranges of weather conditions. The combination of neural network and integrated models makes it possible to solve the problems of industrial safety under any circumstances. Key words: emergency chemically hazardous substance, emergency, chlorine, risk, threat, simulation modeling, forecasting, neural network model, analytical model.","PeriodicalId":356653,"journal":{"name":"Technology of technosphere safety","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121526076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.25257/tts.2019.3.85.13-23
A. S. Shvyrkov
{"title":"THE RESULTS OF THE EXPERIMENTAL DETERMINATION OF THE GEOMETRIC PARAMETERS OF THE ENCLOSURES OF RESERVOIRS OF THE TYPE \"GLASS IN GLASS\"","authors":"A. S. Shvyrkov","doi":"10.25257/tts.2019.3.85.13-23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25257/tts.2019.3.85.13-23","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":356653,"journal":{"name":"Technology of technosphere safety","volume":"59 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128631902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.25257/tts.2019.1.83.34-41
E. Polishchuk, P. V. Khalepa, A. Sivenkov
{"title":"WOOD AS AN ELEMENT OF STRUCTURAL FIRE PROTECTION","authors":"E. Polishchuk, P. V. Khalepa, A. Sivenkov","doi":"10.25257/tts.2019.1.83.34-41","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25257/tts.2019.1.83.34-41","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":356653,"journal":{"name":"Technology of technosphere safety","volume":"95 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127227196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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