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The Coronation and a changing Commonwealth 加冕和改变中的联邦
Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-07-04 DOI: 10.1080/00358533.2023.2244290
Philip Murphy
In Alan Bennett’s play ‘A Question of Attribution’, Queen Elizabeth II complains that whenever she meets anybody, they are always on their best behaviour, ‘And when one is on one’s best behaviour, one isn’t always at one’s best’. The UK’s capital was certainly on its best behaviour over the Coronation weekend. The Metropolitan Police had apparently been primed to come down hard on signs of dissent. Graham Smith, the director of the campaigning group Republic, was arrested and detained along with a number of his colleagues in the process of unloading anti-monarchist placards. It was all a reminder that, although British representatives are apt to take the moral high ground on these issues in Commonwealth gatherings, defending freedom of speech and protest really should begin at home. The Coronation was also a reminder of the way in which the Commonwealth has changed out of all recognition in the 70 years since the previous monarch was crowned. In 1953, there were only eight members, and all but one of them (India) were Realms. Now there are 56, in only 15 of which (including the UK) King Charles remains the sovereign. Despite this, or perhaps because of it, one senses that everyone was a bit more relaxed about matters of protocol and precedence this time around. The Coronation of Elizabeth II was the last great piece of Imperial theatre in the UK, designed in part to project an impression of control over an Empire in which hierarchy was essential to the exercise of power. In that respect, the 1953 crowning mattered to the UK in a way that its 2023 counterpart never could. That’s not to say there were not tensions behind the scenes. In case there were any questions about how dignitaries from Africa should be treated, on 29 April Kenyan president William Ruto complained publicly that he and some of his fellow African representatives at Queen Elizabeth’s funeral the previous September had been ‘loaded into buses like school kids’, whereas Western heads of state had been driven in private cars. Ruto was duly accorded full VIP treatment when he arrived in London just hours before the Coronation was due to begin. But this was relatively small beer compared with some of the jostling for position that accompanied the preparations for the 1953 Coronation. Another difference was that whereas in 1953, the Commonwealth was largely conceived of as something external to the UK, the 2023 ceremony stressed the way in which the King valued the contribution of Britain’s internal Commonwealth diaspora communities. Prominent roles were taken by Baroness Amos and Baroness Benjamin, both of Caribbean heritage, and by Dame Elizabeth Anionwu, whose father was Nigerian. Also prominent in the Coronation
在艾伦·贝内特(Alan Bennett)的戏剧《归因问题》(A Question of Attribution)中,英国女王伊丽莎白二世(Queen Elizabeth II)抱怨说,每当她遇到任何人,他们总是表现得最好,“当一个人表现得最好时,他并不总是处于最佳状态”。英国首都在加冕周末的表现无疑是最好的。伦敦警察局显然已经做好了严厉打击异议迹象的准备。竞选团体“共和国”的负责人格雷厄姆·史密斯和他的一些同事在卸载反君主主义标语牌的过程中被捕并被拘留。这一切都提醒我们,尽管英国代表在英联邦集会上倾向于在这些问题上占据道德高地,但捍卫言论和抗议自由确实应该从国内开始。加冕典礼也提醒人们,自前任君主加冕以来的70年里,英联邦已经失去了所有的认可。1953年,只有八名成员,除一人外(印度)都是王国。现在有56个,其中只有15个(包括英国)国王查尔斯仍然是君主。尽管如此,或者可能正因为如此,人们感觉到这一次每个人对协议和优先事项都放松了一点。伊丽莎白二世的加冕典礼是英国帝国剧院的最后一部伟大作品,其设计部分是为了给人一种对帝国的控制印象,在这个帝国中,等级制度对权力的行使至关重要。在这方面,1953年的加冕典礼对英国来说意义重大,而2023年的加冕礼却从未如此。这并不是说幕后没有紧张局势。4月29日,肯尼亚总统威廉·鲁托公开抱怨说,去年9月,在伊丽莎白女王的葬礼上,他和一些非洲代表被“像小学生一样装上公交车”,而西方国家元首则被开着私家车。鲁托在加冕典礼开始前几个小时抵达伦敦时,得到了正式的贵宾待遇。但与1953年加冕典礼筹备期间的一些职位争夺相比,这只是相对较小的啤酒。另一个不同之处在于,1953年,英联邦在很大程度上被认为是英国之外的东西,而2023年的仪式强调了国王重视英国内部英联邦侨民社区贡献的方式。阿莫斯男爵夫人和本杰明男爵夫人都是加勒比裔,伊丽莎白·阿尼翁武女爵士的父亲是尼日利亚人。在加冕典礼上也很突出
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引用次数: 0
“Closing” the March 2020 election saga in Guyana “结束”2020年3月圭亚那的选举传奇
Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-07-04 DOI: 10.1080/00358533.2023.2244288
Cynthia Barrow-Giles, Ronnie R. F. Yearwood
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引用次数: 0
Nigeria and the flawed 2023 elections 尼日利亚和有缺陷的2023年选举
Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-05-04 DOI: 10.1080/00358533.2023.2219545
Segun Oshewolo, A. Azeez
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引用次数: 0
PAS’s decades of hard work paid off with the Green Wave in Malaysia’s GE15 伊斯兰党几十年的努力换来了马来西亚第15届大选的绿色浪潮
Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-05-04 DOI: 10.1080/00358533.2023.2219531
Altaf Deviyati
The result of Malaysia’s 15th General Election (GE15) defied the popular pre-election prediction that young voters would vote for progressive parties driven by youthful ideals and that the Malay-based parties vying for the same voter base would struggle to gain traction. Thanks to the implementation of two electoral reforms, the Automatic Voter Registration (AVR), and the lowering of voting age from 21 to 18 (Undi18), young voters constituted the bulk of six million new voters since 2018. While the Malays’ voting patterns were indeed more diverse than those of other groups, the sentiment against the Chinese-dominant Democratic Action Party (DAP), whose image has been smeared as anti-Malays and anti-Islam, was prevalent and appeared to be a unifying factor. The assumption that new young voters would vote for the multiethnic Alliance of Hope (Pakatan Harapan, PH) was a myth. The PanMalaysian Islamic Party (PAS) and its coalition National Alliance (Perikatan Nasional, PN) had almost a clean sweep in five Northern and East Coast states of the Peninsula. Ethno-religious campaigning is nothing new, but it increased significantly after the last election in 2018. More Malay-based parties vying for the Peninsular Malay votes – exceeding 50% of the electorate, whose weight was further amplified by malapportionment and gerrymandering of electoral constituencies – meant that each party tried to out-do the other in their Malay-ness. However, when it came to protecting Malays and Islam, PAS had a head start, especially during a time when the Malays had lost their trust in the United Malays National Organisation (UMNO) and did not trust that other Malay-based parties could address the DAP threat. PAS has a clear and consistent faithbased ideology, which in recent years has been intertwined with Malay identity and ethnonationalism. As the constitutional definition of Malay is tied to Islam, PAS easily equated protecting Islam with protecting Malay rights and positioned itself as the logical alternative to UMNO. Both Undi18 and AVR were implemented in December 2021 without any programme of democratic education, which is necessary to nurture a democratic culture. Based on IMAN Research’s sentiment analysis on the GE15, many youths, while being excited to vote, were in general unfamiliar regarding key concepts of democracy, human rights, the Constitution and the rights of minorities etc. In this situation, the immediate understanding on democracy would only be from family members and social media. Social media played a significant role in the campaign for this election, partly because the Covid-19 pandemic had earlier limited public gatherings due to social
马来西亚第15届大选(GE15)的结果打破了选前流行的预测,即年轻选民将投票给受年轻理想驱动的进步政党,而争夺相同选民基础的马来政党将难以获得支持。由于实施了两项选举改革,即自动选民登记(AVR)和将投票年龄从21岁降至18岁(Und18),自2018年以来,年轻选民占了600万新选民的大部分。虽然马来人的投票模式确实比其他群体更为多样,但反对华人占主导地位的民主行动党(DAP)的情绪很普遍,似乎是一个团结因素。民主行动党的形象被抹黑为反马来人和反伊斯兰教。新的年轻选民会投票给多民族希望联盟(巴基斯坦人民党,PH)的假设是一个神话。泛马来西亚伊斯兰党(PAS)及其联盟国家联盟(Perikatan Nasional,PN)在半岛北部和东部海岸的五个州几乎大获全胜。民族宗教运动并不是什么新鲜事,但在2018年的上次选举后,它显著增加了。更多以马来为基础的政党争夺半岛马来人的选票——超过50%的选民,他们的影响力因选民比例失调和选区划分不公而进一步扩大——这意味着每个政党都试图在自己的马来风格上胜过另一个。然而,在保护马来人和伊斯兰教方面,PAS领先,尤其是在马来人失去了对马来民族联合组织(UMNO)的信任,也不相信其他马来政党能够应对DAP威胁的时候。PAS有一种明确而一致的基于信仰的意识形态,近年来,这种意识形态与马来人的身份认同和民族主义交织在一起。由于马来人的宪法定义与伊斯兰教有关,PAS很容易将保护伊斯兰教等同于保护马来人的权利,并将自己定位为巫统的合乎逻辑的替代者。Und18和AVR都于2021年12月实施,但没有任何民主教育计划,这对培养民主文化是必要的。根据IMAN Research对GE15的情绪分析,许多年轻人在对投票感到兴奋的同时,对民主、人权、宪法和少数民族权利等关键概念普遍感到陌生。在这种情况下,只有家庭成员和社交媒体才能直接了解民主。社交媒体在此次选举的竞选活动中发挥了重要作用,部分原因是新冠肺炎疫情早些时候因社交而限制了公众集会
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引用次数: 0
The only way is up: proportions and portfolios for women in cabinet in Malaysia, 2008–2023 唯一的办法是上升:2008-2023年马来西亚内阁中女性的比例和职位
Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-05-04 DOI: 10.1080/00358533.2023.2219558
M. Balakrishnan
ABSTRACT The inclusion of women ministers in cabinet is vital in redistributing political power and increasing participation. However, increasing the number of women ministers is insufficient; the type of portfolios also matters. In Malaysia, following the 14th general election, the number of women ministers almost doubled; this increase survived government turn-overs between 2020–2022, and the 15th general election. Using cabinet composition and budget data, and a customised typology of portfolio salience, this paper analyses women’s cabinet representation between 2008–2023, finding significant improvements after the 15th general election, and identifying imperatives for cabinet formation if participation is to be increased.
女性部长进入内阁对重新分配政治权力和提高参与度至关重要。然而,增加女部长的人数是不够的;投资组合的类型也很重要。在马来西亚,第14届大选后,女部长人数几乎翻了一番;这一增长在2020-2022年和第15次大选期间的政府换届中得以幸存。利用内阁组成和预算数据,以及组合显著性的定制类型,本文分析了2008-20123年间女性内阁代表性,发现了第15次大选后的显著改善,并确定了如果要增加参与度,组建内阁的必要性。
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引用次数: 1
Politics, poverty and belief: a political memoir 政治、贫困与信仰:一本政治回忆录
Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-05-04 DOI: 10.1080/00358533.2023.2220552
V. Iyer
vaccines more freely available’ (p. 140). This story is also personal: Nyabola herself had to go to America to get vaccinated, as Kenya would not be offering her a vaccine, planning to vaccinate only 30% of its population (pp. 117, 139). Nyabola reflects on her European and American ‘supposed colleagues and “partners” gushing effusively about how vaccines had fixed everything’ with no acknowledgement of how different her experience was (p. 116). Following this line of thinking, the book ends with a chapter entitled ‘Necessary, Righteous Rage’ (p. 149). Here, Nyabola argues that ‘Anger is the only appropriate response’ (p. 151) to the way Africa and Africans have been side-lined in research and in the distribution of global vaccines. At the end of reading this book, it is hard to disagree.
疫苗更加免费”(第140页)。这个故事也是个人的:Nyabola本人不得不去美国接种疫苗,因为肯尼亚不会向她提供疫苗,计划只为其30%的人口接种疫苗(第117139页)。Nyabola回顾了她的欧洲和美国“所谓的同事和“合作伙伴”,他们热情洋溢地谈论疫苗是如何修复一切的”,但没有承认她的经历有多不同(第116页)。按照这一思路,本书以一章结尾,题为“必要的、正义的愤怒”(第149页)。在这里,Nyabola认为,“愤怒是唯一合适的回应”(第151页),以回应非洲和非洲人在研究和全球疫苗分发方面的立场。读完这本书,很难不同意。
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引用次数: 0
Introduction: Hung parliament, coalition government and the rise of the Islamists – Malaysia after the 2022 election 导读:悬浮议会、联合政府与伊斯兰主义者的崛起——2022年大选后的马来西亚
Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-05-04 DOI: 10.1080/00358533.2023.2219522
Chin-Huat Wong
Malaysia’s 15th General Election (GE15) on 19 November 2022 produced a 19-party coalition government led by Anwar Ibrahim, which now controls a two-third parliamentary majority. This government comprises four coalitions: Anwar’s Alliance of Hope (Pakatan Harapan, PH), the once dominant National Front (Barisan Nasional, BN), Sarawak Parties Alliance (Gabungan Parti Sarawak, GPS) with and Sabah People’s Alliance (Gabungan Rakyat Sabah, GRS), which have, respectively, four, four, four and three parties in the Federal Parliament. The coalition also has four standalone parties, Heritage Party (Parti Warisan, Warisan), the youth-based Malaysian United Democratic Alliance (MUDA) and two regional parties. GE15 itself has at least four significant implications. First, it led to the fourth peaceful transfer of power since the end of BN’s 61-year rule in 2018, such that Malaysia technically passes Huntington’s test of ‘two consecutive turnovers’ even though her democracy is far from consolidated. Second, it produced a hung parliament right after the election, the first time at the federal level. A hung parliament first emerged after the ‘Sheraton Move’, described in detail elsewhere in this issue, in February 2020, which saw the Malaysian United Indigenous Party (Parti Bersatu Pribumi Malaysia, PPBM) leaving PH and installing its president Muhyiddin Yassin as the new Prime Minister. Third, it recorded an unprecedented rise of the Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party (PAS) which became the largest single party in Parliament with 19% of seats. Driven by both PAS and Bersatu, the National Alliance (Perikatan Nasional, PN) is now the sole Opposition with one-third of seats. Fourth, only three of Malaysia’s 13 states had their elections concurrently, ending the conventional vertical and horizontal simultaneity in the election calendar, indicating the decoupling of federal-state politics since 2018. In his opinion piece, Kian-Ming Ong, political scientist at Taylor’s University and exparliamentarian of the Democratic Action Party (DAP), welcomes the intrigues Malaysia’s increasingly competitive and constantly evolving political landscape bring to comparative researchers in at least three areas: ethnically divided societies, democratic change and electoral reform in authoritarian regimes and the dynamics of electoral coalitions.
马来西亚于2022年11月19日举行的第15届大选产生了由安瓦尔·易卜拉欣领导的19党联合政府,该政府目前控制着议会三分之二的多数席位。这届政府由四个联盟组成:安华的希望联盟(Pakatan Harapan, PH),曾经占主导地位的国民阵线(Barisan Nasional, BN),砂拉越政党联盟(Gabungan Parti Sarawak, GPS)和沙巴人民联盟(Gabungan Rakyat Sabah, GRS),分别在联邦议会有四个,四个,四个和三个政党。这个联盟还有四个独立的政党,传统党(Parti Warisan, Warisan),以青年为基础的马来西亚统一民主联盟(MUDA)和两个地区政党。GE15本身至少有四个重要含义。首先,它导致了自2018年国阵61年统治结束以来的第四次和平权力转移,这样马来西亚在技术上通过了亨廷顿的“连续两次更替”测试,尽管她的民主远未巩固。其次,它在选举后产生了一个悬浮议会,这是第一次在联邦一级。2020年2月,马来西亚土著统一党(Parti Bersatu prihumi Malaysia, PPBM)离开希盟,并任命其主席慕尤丁·亚辛为新首相,“喜来登行动”(Sheraton Move)之后,无多数议会首次出现,这在本期其他地方有详细描述。第三,泛马伊斯兰党史无前例地崛起,以19%的议席成为国会最大的单一政党。在PAS和Bersatu的共同推动下,全国联盟(Perikatan Nasional, PN)现在是唯一拥有三分之一席位的反对党。第四,马来西亚13个州中只有3个州同时举行选举,结束了传统的选举日历纵向和横向同时进行,这表明自2018年以来联邦-州政治脱钩。泰勒大学(Taylor’s University)政治学家、民主行动党(Democratic Action Party, DAP)前议员王健明(Kian-Ming Ong)在他的观点文章中,欢迎马来西亚日益激烈的竞争和不断演变的政治格局给至少三个领域的比较研究者带来的阴谋:种族分裂的社会、独裁政权的民主变革和选举改革,以及选举联盟的动态。
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引用次数: 0
A guarded optimism for sustainability, before and after Malaysia’s GE15 在马来西亚第15届全国大选前后,对可持续发展持谨慎乐观态度
Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-05-04 DOI: 10.1080/00358533.2023.2219538
Yi-Jian Ho
While some might see Malaysia’s 15th General Election (GE15) as a critical juncture for political developments or research agendas in Malaysia, my outlook for sustainability and conservation in Malaysia is guarded against the possibilities of not meeting urgent climate change goals, even though there may be better prospects under the new government. GE15 was contested on the primacy of race, religion and regional autonomy, then on issues of corruption and bread-and-butter issues, rendering environment conservation and sustainable development a relatively fringe issue. This is a double-edged sword – progress will come from policy elites, moving at their respective individual paces. This shields them from the vagaries of politics and moral panics, but at the same time, it does not lend a sense of urgency. Coming out of the 14th General Election in 2018, activists were hopeful that the new federal Alliance of Hope (Pakatan Harapan, PH) government would be able to move the behemoth of Malaysia’s government bureaucracy towards better conservation and sustainability policy. The then Minister of Energy, Science, Technology, Environment and Climate Change Yeo Bee Yin had the right moves in planning for energy sector reform towards decarbonisation, increasing public transport usage, eliminating single-use plastics, and also beginning work on a Climate Change Act and an Energy Efficiency and Conservation Act. The bipartisan All-Party Parliamentary Group Malaysia on the Sustainable Development Goals (APPGM-SDG) also was formed in late 2019. My personal experience with the Prime Minister’s Department saw greater openness towards access to information reform (Target SDG 16.10). However, with the emergent COVID-19 crisis and the ‘Sheraton Move’ in February 2020 which led to a 17-month-long new government headed by the National Alliance (Perikatan Nasional, PN), these plans were at the very least deprioritised, if not scrapped. Tellingly, the new government no longer had a ministry which featured climate change as a named portfolio. Having said that, the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) continue to feature in subsequent government rhetoric and/or official efforts. Malaysia managed to submit its second SDG Voluntary National Review in 2021. The 12th Malaysia Plan, launched under the next government under the National Front (Barisan Nasional, BN), has several
虽然有些人可能将马来西亚第15届全国大选(GE15)视为马来西亚政治发展或研究议程的关键时刻,但我对马来西亚可持续发展和自然保护的展望是防范无法实现紧迫的气候变化目标的可能性,尽管在新政府的领导下可能会有更好的前景。第15届全国大选辩论的焦点是种族、宗教和区域自治的首要地位,然后是腐败问题和面包和黄油问题,使环境保护和可持续发展成为相对边缘的问题。这是一把双刃剑——进步将来自政策精英,他们将以各自的步伐前进。这使他们免受变幻莫测的政治和道德恐慌的影响,但与此同时,这也没有给他们带来紧迫感。2018年第14届大选结束后,活动人士希望新的联邦希望联盟(Pakatan Harapan, PH)政府能够将马来西亚庞大的政府官僚机构转向更好的保护和可持续发展政策。时任能源、科技、环境和气候变化部部长杨美盈(Yeo Bee Yin)在规划能源部门的改革、增加公共交通的使用、消除一次性塑料,以及开始制定《气候变化法》和《能源效率和节能法》方面采取了正确的举措。马来西亚可持续发展目标两党议会小组(APPGM-SDG)也于2019年底成立。我在总理部的个人经历表明,信息获取改革更加开放(可持续发展目标16.10)。然而,随着新冠肺炎危机的爆发和2020年2月的“喜来登行动”,这些计划即使没有被取消,至少也被剥夺了优先级。“喜来登行动”导致了全国联盟(Perikatan Nasional, PN)领导的长达17个月的新政府。很明显,新政府中不再有一个以气候变化为特色的部门。话虽如此,可持续发展目标(sdg)仍在随后的政府言论和/或官方努力中占据重要地位。马来西亚于2021年提交了第二次可持续发展目标自愿国家审查。由国民阵线(Barisan Nasional, BN)领导的下一届政府发起的第12个马来西亚计划有几个
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引用次数: 0
Incumbency and patronage politics in Malaysia’s GE15 马来西亚第15届全国大选的执政和赞助政治
Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-05-04 DOI: 10.1080/00358533.2023.2219525
T. Yeoh
ABSTRACT Malaysia’s 15th general election (GE15) in November 2022 took place on the back of a tumultuous period in which the country experienced government alternation several times at federal and state levels from 2018. This article primarily addresses whether incumbency advantages were prevalent, and if so, how and when? Based on interviews and documentary data, the article concludes that, especially in a post-pandemic setting, incumbency mattered. However, Barisan Nasional (BN) experienced a form of ‘unrealised incumbency’. Without institutional reforms, trends in GE15 indicate that patronage and dependence on politicians for welfare gains seem to be a mainstay of Malaysian politics.
马来西亚于2022年11月举行了第15届大选(GE15),此前该国经历了一段动荡时期,自2018年以来,该国在联邦和州一级经历了多次政府更迭。本文主要讨论在位优势是否普遍存在,如果是,如何以及何时存在?根据采访和文献数据,这篇文章得出结论,在任者很重要,特别是在大流行后的环境中。然而,国阵经历了一种“未实现的在位”。如果没有制度改革,第15届大选的趋势表明,在福利收益方面,对政客的庇护和依赖似乎是马来西亚政治的支柱。
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引用次数: 2
Ukraine and the South 乌克兰和南方
Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-05-04 DOI: 10.1080/00358533.2023.2219547
R. Bourne
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引用次数: 0
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