Gaceta Medica de Bilbao最新文献

Objetive

Anemia is one of the main reasons of admission to the Internal Medicine Service of Basurto's Hospital and it needs transfusion in quite a lot of cases. We show a work about characteristics and adequacy of transfusions.

Patients and method

We included patients admitted and transfunded during 3 months, we did a descriptive analysis and clasificated transfusion in adequate, inadequate and undetermined.

Results

We included 35 transfusions, the average age was 76.9, without differences between sexes; 50% had cardiopathy and 40% had anticoagulant or antiplatelet therapy; anemia was chronic in 71.4% and all transfusions were from donors; only 8.5% of relatives were blood donors. 97.1% of transfusions were adequate.

Conclusions

Indications of transfusion usually follow current guides. Doctors and patients' relatives were able to be aware of the incalculable value and the lack of donations. This work allows doctors to use transfusions adequately, avoiding inadequate indications.

Introduction

The approval of the law of dependency in Spain has revealed the need to know in advance which individuals will use this new welfare law. Consequently, the risk factors for dependency must be identified.

Material and methods

We performed an observational, cross-sectional study in a target population of 121,650 people registered in Bilbao. Based on the census of 2006, persons between the ages of 45 and 65 were targeted.

Results

A total of 141 patients were surveyed, of whom 96 were married (68 %), 27 were single (19.1 %), 49.6 % had not completed primary school, 50 % smoked, and only 8 % played sports. Their subjective state of health was good-average. Fifty-three percent had several diseases and were considered to be well informed by their doctors. More than 50 % knew the causes of their future eventual dependency. Most would prefer to be cared for at home by a professional caregiver and a family member. Eighty-three percent understood the law of the dependency and were open to discussing their institutionalization.

Conclusions

Knowledge of dependency should be broadened to predict as accurately as possible the profile and requests of new patients who will become dependent in the future.

El test ALCAT (acrónimo de antigen leukocyte cellular antibody test) es un ensayo para valorar in vitro la intolerancia alimentaria, de manera que se trata de una herramienta de ayuda diagnóstica al servicio de los especialistas en dietética y nutrición. La sintomatología asociada a la intolerancia suele ser de tipo crónico y agrupa las siguientes manifestaciones: trastornos gastrointestinales, como dolor y distensión abdominal, vómitos y diarrea, dermatitis y eczemas, migraña, retención de líquidos, fatiga crónica y alteraciones reumáticas.

El test ALCAT determina la reactividad celular por lectura citométrica, que está relacionada con la modificación del número y del tamaño celular. Los tipos celulares que analiza el test y que son diana de los efectos adversos que causa la intolerancia son granulocitos, plaquetas y linfocitos (estos últimos, fabricantes de anticuerpos frente a antígenos de origen alimentario). De este modo, el ALCAT es una prueba que reproduce en el laboratorio una situación equivalente a la que se produce en la realidad en nuestro organismo cuando entramos en contacto con los alimentos.

Abstract

The ALCAT test (antigen leukocyte cellular antibody test) is an assay that was developed to assess food intolerance in vitro and is thus used as a diagnostic aid in dietetics and nutrition. The symptoms associated with food intolerance are usually chronic and highly varied and encompass gastrointestinal disorders (such as abdominal pain and bloating), vomiting and diarrhea, dermatitis and eczema, migraine, fluid retention, chronic fatigue, and rheumatic alterations.

The ALCAT test determines cellular reactivity by cytometric reading, which is related to changes in cell number and size. The cell types analyzed by the test (which are the targets of the adverse effects caused by intolerance) are granulocytes, platelets and lymphocytes (the latter manufacture antibodies to food antigens). Thus, the ALCAT test is an assay that reproduces in the laboratory a situation similar to that occurring in the human body when contact is made with food.

Laburpena

ALCAT testa (antigen leukocyte cellular antibody test esapidearen akronimoa) elikadurarekiko jasanezintasuna in vitro aztertzen duen proba bat da, diagnostikorako tresna egokia dietetikan eta nutrizioan lan egiten duten espezialistentzat. Elikadurarekiko jasanezintasunaren sintomatologia kronikoa izan ohi da, eta honako hauek dira sintoma arruntenak: urdail eta hesteetako nahasmendua, hala nola sabeleko mina eta distentsioa, gorakoa eta beherakoa, dermatitisa eta ekzemak, migraina, likido-erretentzioa, neke kronikoa eta alterazio erreumatikoak.

ALCAT testak zelula-erreaktibotasuna aztertzen du irakurketa zitometriko bidez, eta honek zerikusia du zelulen kopuruaren eta tamainaren aldaketarekin. Testak granulozitoak, plaketak eta linfozitoak analizatzen ditu, eta horiexek dira hain zu