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Determining the parameters of arable land fragmentation 耕地破碎化参数的确定
Q4 Earth and Planetary Sciences Pub Date : 2023-11-06 DOI: 10.24425/GAC.2019.126091
P. Bożek
Unfavorable spatial structure of arable land located in Małopolska is a major obstacle in conducting agricultural activity. Arable lands located in the southern part of Małopolska are fragmented, have small area, and irregular shapes. Agricultural activity on land with an unfavorable spatial structure is associated with an increase in production costs, which directly results in lower income of farms. One of the methods of improving spatial conditions is to implement land consolidation works. They allow to organize the spatial structure, increase the area of agriculturally used parcels, while reducing their number. The article presents a new approach in determining the parameters of land fragmentation. GIS tools were used to identify areas with unfavorable spatial parameters. The methodology which allows for the processing, filtration of source data, determination and visualization of land fragmentation parameters is discussed. As part of the research, the Binning method was used, which allows to visualize the phenomenon and simultaneously reduce the data used. In the work, a detailed assessment of land fragmentation parameters was made, which can be used in agricultural land management works. Analyzes have shown that the southern areas of the Nowy Targ County are characterized by intensive fragmentation of arable land. There are also unfavorable parameters related to the elongation and shape of parcels in the discussed areas.
Małopolska地区耕地空间结构不利是农业生产活动的主要障碍。Małopolska南部的耕地破碎,面积小,形状不规则。在空间结构不利的土地上进行农业活动,生产成本增加,直接导致农场收入降低。改善空间条件的方法之一是实施土地整理工程。它们可以组织空间结构,增加农业用地的面积,同时减少其数量。本文提出了一种确定土地破碎化参数的新方法。利用GIS工具识别不利空间参数的区域。讨论了处理、过滤源数据、确定和可视化土地破碎化参数的方法。作为研究的一部分,使用了宾宁方法,可以将现象可视化,同时减少使用的数据。在工作中,对土地破碎化参数进行了详细的评价,为农用地管理工作提供了依据。分析表明,今塘县南部地区耕地细碎化程度较高。在讨论的区域中,也存在与延伸率和包裹形状有关的不利参数。
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引用次数: 3
Evaluation of some levelling techniques in surveying application 几种水准测量技术在测量中的应用评价
Q4 Earth and Planetary Sciences Pub Date : 2023-11-06 DOI: 10.24425/GAC.2019.128463
A. Pırtı, R. G. Hoşbaş
Applications in geodesy and engineering surveying require the determination of the heights of the vertical control points in the national and local networks using different techniques. These techniques can be classified as geometric, trigonometric, barometric and Global Positioning System (GPS) levelling. The aim of this study is to analyse height differences obtained from these three techniques using precise digital level and digital level, total station (trigonometric levelling) and GPS which collects phase and code observations (GPS levelling). The accuracies of these methods are analysed. The results obtained show that the precise digital levelling is more stable and reliable than the other two methods. The results of the three levelling methods agree with each other within a few millimetres. The different levelling methods are compared. Geometric levelling is usually accepted as being more accurate than the other methods. The discrepancy between geometric levelling and short range trigonometric levelling is at the level of 8 millimetres. The accuracy of the short range trigonometric levelling is due the reciprocal and simultaneous observations of the zenith angles and slope distances over relative short distances of 250 m. The difference between the ellipsoidal height differences obtained from the GPS levelling used without geoid and the orthometric height differences obtained from precise geometric levelling is 4 millimetres. The geoid model which is obtained from a fifth order polynomial fit of the project area is good enough in this study. The discrepancy between the precise geometric and GPS levelling (with geoid corrections) is 4 millimetres over 5 km.
在大地测量学和工程测量中的应用需要使用不同的技术确定国家和地方网络中垂直控制点的高度。这些技术可分为几何、三角、气压和全球定位系统(GPS)调平。本研究的目的是分析从这三种技术中获得的高差,使用精确数字水准仪和数字水准仪,全站仪(三角测量)和GPS收集相位和代码观测(GPS测量)。对这些方法的精度进行了分析。结果表明,精确数字调平比其他两种方法稳定可靠。三种找平方法的结果在几毫米以内是一致的。对不同的调平方法进行了比较。几何调平通常被认为比其他方法更精确。几何调平与短距离三角调平的差异在8毫米左右。短距离三角学水准的准确性是由于在相对较短的250米距离内对天顶角和坡距的互反和同时观测。不使用大地水准面而使用GPS水准所获得的椭球高差与精确几何水准所获得的正等高差相差4毫米。采用五阶多项式拟合得到的工程区大地水准面模型在本研究中具有较好的效果。精确几何水准与GPS水准(含大地水准面修正)之间的差异为每5公里4毫米。
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引用次数: 7
Monitoring the change in land surface temperature and urban areas using Satellite images. Case study Kafr El-Sheikh City – Egypt 利用卫星图像监测陆地表面温度和城市地区的变化。案例研究——埃及Kafr El Sheikh市
Q4 Earth and Planetary Sciences Pub Date : 2023-11-06 DOI: 10.24425/GAC.2019.128465
Z. Zeidan, Ashraf A. A. Beshr, Sanaa S. Soliman
: In recent years, the rate of urban growth has increased rapidly especially in Egypt, due to the increase in population growth. The Egyptian government has set up new cities and established large factories, roads and bridges in new places to solve this trouble. This paper investigates the change monitoring of land surface temperature, urban and agricultural area in Egypt especially Kafr EL-Sheikh city as case study using high resolution satellite images. Nowadays, satellite images are playing an important role in detecting the change of urban growth. In this paper, cadastral map for Kafr El-Sheikh city with scale 1:5000, images from Landsat 7 with accuracy 30 meters; images from Google Earth with accuracy 0.5 meter; and images from SAS Planet with accuracy 0.5 m are used where all images are available during the study period (for year’s 2003, 2006, 2009, for the urban and agricultural area was built. Finally, it is deduced that integration of space-based remote sensing technology with GIS tools provide better platform to perform such activities.
近年来,由于人口的增长,尤其是在埃及,城市的增长速度迅速增加。为了解决这个问题,埃及政府建立了新的城市,在新的地方修建了大型工厂、道路和桥梁。本文利用高分辨率卫星图像,对埃及特别是Kafr EL-Sheikh市的地表温度、城市和农业区的变化监测进行了研究。如今,卫星图像在探测城市增长变化方面发挥着重要作用。本文采用Kafr El-Sheikh市地籍图,比例尺为1:5000,图像来自Landsat 7,精度为30米;来自谷歌地球的图像,精度为0.5米;在研究期间(2003年、2006年、2009年,城市和农业区)所有图像可用的地方,使用SAS Planet的精度为0.5 m的图像。最后,推断天基遥感技术与GIS工具的融合为开展此类活动提供了更好的平台。
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引用次数: 1
Site selection for solar power plant in Zaporizhia city (Ukraine) 乌克兰扎波罗热市太阳能电站选址
Q4 Earth and Planetary Sciences Pub Date : 2023-11-06 DOI: 10.24425/GAC.2020.131076
L. Yankiv-Vitkovska, Bohdan Peresunko, I. Wyczałek, J. Papis
: Renewable energy from solar power plants is becoming more and more popular due to the depletion of raw materials and reduction of dependence on oil and gas and is also harmless to the natural environment. The management and rational use of land resources is currently a pressing problem in the world, including in Ukraine. One of the solutions is the development of technologies for the use of these areas and the establishment of environmentally friendly technologies for reducing air pollution, namely electricity facilities – solar power plants based on the use of photovoltaic panels. Choosing the right location for obtaining solar energy depends on many factors and constraints. Optimal location of solar farms is important to maximize the beneficial features of projects while minimizing the negative. A method of finding places in the vicinity of large cities that could be suitable for installing power plants was developed. The proposed method uses an analytical hierarchical process, analytical network process, Boolean logic and weighted linear combination. the QGIS program. The method was successfully used for the city of Zaporizhia, but it can be directly implemented in any other region. That is why the presented works constitute a scheme that can be easily used to estimate large areas in order to optimally choose a place for a solar park in the vicinity of large cities. Such a model can be very useful for investors to find potential locations for solar energy before conducting detailed field research.
由于原材料枯竭和减少对石油和天然气的依赖,太阳能发电厂的可再生能源越来越受欢迎,而且对自然环境无害。目前,土地资源的管理和合理利用是包括乌克兰在内的世界各国面临的一个紧迫问题。解决办法之一是发展利用这些地区的技术和建立减少空气污染的环境友好技术,即电力设施- -基于使用光电板的太阳能发电厂。选择合适的地点获取太阳能取决于许多因素和限制。太阳能发电场的最佳位置对于最大限度地发挥项目的优势,同时最大限度地减少负面影响至关重要。开发了在大城市附近寻找适合安装发电厂的地方的方法。该方法采用层次分析法、网络分析法、布尔逻辑和加权线性组合。QGIS计划。该方法已成功用于扎波罗热市,但它可以直接在任何其他地区实施。这就是为什么所展示的作品构成了一个方案,可以很容易地用于估计大面积,以便在大城市附近最佳地选择一个太阳能公园的地方。这种模式对于投资者在进行详细的实地研究之前找到太阳能的潜在地点非常有用。
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引用次数: 5
Evaluating the perceived visual complexity of multidirectional hill-shading 评估多向山丘阴影的视觉复杂性
Q4 Earth and Planetary Sciences Pub Date : 2023-11-06 DOI: 10.24425/GAC.2020.131085
N. Tzelepis, Alexandra Kaliakouda, Vassilios Krassanakis, Loukas-Moysis Misthos, B. Nakos
: Eye tracking recordings could reveal the visual behavior for different carto-graphic visualization techniques, such as hill-shading, while at the same time eye tracking metrics (ETMs) can summarize the associated complexity levels in a concise and quantitative manner. In the present study, three different hill-shading methods, including: (i) the standard method based on ideal diffuse reflection, (ii) the Multidirectional Oblique-Weighted method – MDOW and (iii) the combination of a MDOW’s variation with standard hill-shading, are evaluated and ranked in terms of their perceived visual complexity. The performed examination is based on both eye tracking techniques and expert judgement procedures. A weighted combination of basic ETMs has been used, implemented by the Landscape Rating Index – LRI. The weights resulted from an experts’ judgement process where the opinions of experts in geoinformatics, cartography, geovisualization, experimental psychology, cognitive science, neuroscience and eye tracking were analyzed. Fifteen (15) individuals participated in an eye tracking experiment with hill-shading images produced by the three methods under evaluation, while 41 experts participated in an online questionnaire in order to collect all the analysis data. The final evaluation was based on the computation of three LRI models. The outcomes indicate that implementing hill-shading with more than one light sources results in similar perceptual behaviors, allowing for a seamless exploitation of the advantages of using multidirectional illumination.
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引用次数: 6
Research on reference frames and reference networks in Poland in 2015–2018 2015-2018年波兰参考框架和参考网络研究
Q4 Earth and Planetary Sciences Pub Date : 2023-11-06 DOI: 10.24425/gac.2019.126093
J. Krynski, J. Rogowski, T. Liwosz
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引用次数: 2
On the reduction of geodetic and gravimetric measurements on technogenic and geodynamic polygons 关于减少技术成因和地球动力学多边形的大地测量和重力测量
Q4 Earth and Planetary Sciences Pub Date : 2023-11-06 DOI: 10.24425/GAC.2020.131074
L. Perovych, I. Perovych, Valeriy Gorlachuk
: When conducting geodetic and gravimetric measurements, there is a problem of projecting them to the reference surface. Since the gravitational field is inhomogeneous under the real conditions, the problem arises of determining the corrections to the measured values of gravitational acceleration in order to use the obtained data for the subsequent so-lutions of projection problems. Currently, the solution to this problem is performed using a Bouguer reduction, which requires information about the internal structure of the up-per layer of the earth’s surface, topography, etc. The purpose of this study is to develop a methodological approach that would allow to determine the reduction (projection) corrections for gravitational acceleration on technogenic and geodynamic polygons without using data about the distribution of surface layer density and topography. The research process is based on the use of mathematical analysis methods and a wide range of experimental geodetic and gravimetric measurements. In the course of the performed researches, an algo-rithm was obtained and a practical implementation of the determination of the corrections in the measured values of gravitational acceleration on the basis of geodetic and gravimetric measurements was carried out at the certain geodynamic polygon in order to bring all corrections to one level surface.
在进行大地测量和重力测量时,存在将测量结果投射到参考面上的问题。由于在实际条件下引力场是不均匀的,因此产生了确定对重力加速度测量值的修正以便将获得的数据用于投影问题的后续求解的问题。目前,解决这个问题的方法是使用布格约简,这需要关于地球表面上层的内部结构、地形等信息。本研究的目的是开发一种方法学方法,在不使用有关表面层密度和地形分布的数据的情况下,可以确定技术和地球动力学多边形上重力加速度的减少(投影)更正。研究过程是基于使用数学分析方法和广泛的实验大地测量和重力测量。在研究过程中,提出了一种基于大地测量和重力测量的重力加速度实测值修正的确定算法,并在一定的地球动力多边形上实现了将所有修正集中到一个水平面上的实际实现。
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引用次数: 0
Selected problems in the process of transformation of the right of perpetual usufruct into ownership title to real properties 永久用益物权转化为不动产所有权过程中的若干问题
Q4 Earth and Planetary Sciences Pub Date : 2023-11-06 DOI: 10.24425/GAC.2020.131077
A. Trembecka
: On 16 July 2019, another significant amendment to the provisions of the Act on the transformation of the right of perpetual usufruct to land built-up for residential purposes into the ownership title to that land was introduced. The purpose of this research paper is to analyse the influence of the amendments to the regulations on the scope of the real properties subject to the transformation of perpetual usufruct into ownership, to identify the problems and to assess the status of the implementation of the transformation process in practice. The conducted research has resulted in the presentation of the structure of land on the example of a selected city, in particular with reference to real estate let into perpetual usufruct for residential purposes. The author has also determined the status of the implementation of the transformation process in practice as well as the problems hindering the issuance of certificates for all transformed properties within the statutory period. The progress of the transformation process in a given area depends, inter alia, on the scope of real properties subject to this transformation, the requirement to perform additional analy-ses, including those regarding non-compliance of the legal and factual state of the property, and the assessment of the existence of public aid and related payments. This study is a con-tinuation of the earlier research, extended by the effects of the regulations introduced in July 2019, as well as by the assessment of the progress in the transformation process in practice.
2019年7月16日,对《住宅用地永久用益权转化为该土地所有权的法案》条款进行了另一项重大修订。本文的研究目的是分析条例修订对永久用益物权转化为所有权的不动产范围的影响,找出问题所在,并评估实践中转化过程的实施状况。所进行的研究以一个选定的城市为例,得出了土地结构的介绍,特别是关于住宅用途的永久用益权的房地产。并在实践中确定了转型过程的实施情况,以及阻碍所有转型财产在法定期限内发证的问题。某一地区改造进程的进展,除其他外,取决于改造的不动产的范围,是否需要进行额外的分析,包括对财产的法律和实际状况的不遵守情况的分析,以及对是否存在公共援助和有关付款的评估。本研究是早期研究的延续,通过2019年7月引入的法规的影响以及对实践中转型过程进展的评估进行了扩展。
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引用次数: 0
31st International Cartographic Conference 第三十一届国际制图会议
Q4 Earth and Planetary Sciences Pub Date : 2023-10-20 DOI: 10.22389/0016-7126-2023-999-9-52-63
D.S. Loginov
The author presents the information on the 31st International Cartographic Conference (ICC) held in August 2023 in Cape Town, South Africa. It was the main event of a two-year cycle of cartographers and geo-information technology specialists’ scientific and practical work. An overview of the scientific program of the conference, which included 48 thematic sections on the main issues of modern cartography, is given. Most popular research topics are identified and characterized according to the number of presentations at the sections and papers keywords frequency. An analytical review of the results of traditional ICC events such as exhibition of cartographic materials, Barbara Petchenik International children’s map competition, and orienteering, is presented. The achievements of Russian delegates are noted. The results of the conference are briefly characterized, including the results of the 19th General Assembly of the International Cartographic Association
作者介绍了2023年8月在南非开普敦举行的第31届国际制图会议(ICC)的资料。这是制图师和地理信息技术专家两年周期的科学和实际工作的主要事件。概述了会议的科学计划,其中包括48个关于现代地图学主要问题的专题部分。最受欢迎的研究课题是根据分会的演讲次数和论文关键词频率来确定和表征的。对国际商会传统活动如地图资料展览、芭芭拉·佩切尼克国际儿童地图比赛和定向越野等活动的结果进行了分析。委员会注意到俄罗斯代表的成就。简要介绍了会议的结果,包括国际制图协会第19届大会的结果
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引用次数: 0
Features of permafrost rocks` heave mounds geospatial monitoring at engineering survey stage 工程勘察阶段冻土岩石隆起丘的地理空间监测特征
Q4 Earth and Planetary Sciences Pub Date : 2023-10-20 DOI: 10.22389/0016-7126-2023-999-9-2-7
P.P. Murzincev, I.O. Binder, A.S. Repin
The features of the permafrost rocks’ heave mounds geospatial monitoring arrangement are revealed. A classification of heave mounds was developed, models of temperature fields for a search and evaluation well were constructed, and formulas for determining the average square error of constructing a complete heave hill model were proposed. In the normative and technical literature, as a note, it is recommended to make changes at passing a corridor of linear communications in the immediate vicinity of the heave mounds with the possibility of changing the distances between earth prisms. An example of the route passage between them is given
揭示了多年冻土岩石隆起丘地理空间监测布置的特点。建立了隆起丘的分类,建立了寻找评价井的温度场模型,提出了建立隆起丘完整模型的均方误差计算公式。在规范和技术文献中,作为一项说明,建议在通过靠近隆起土丘的线性交通走廊时作出改变,有可能改变地球棱镜之间的距离。给出了它们之间的路由传递的一个例子
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引用次数: 0
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Geodeziya i Kartografiya
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