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Analyzing approaches to figurative-sign environment modeling for solving special tasks 解决特殊任务的形象符号环境建模方法分析
Q4 Earth and Planetary Sciences Pub Date : 2023-06-20 DOI: 10.22389/0016-7126-2023-995-5-34-42
B. A. Fisich, D. I. Novoselov, A.Yu. Malevan
The progress of computer technology has led to significant changes in the practice of spatial data graphical representation forming. The authors discuss the prospects of using cartographic animations to assess the situation on the ground, planning and managing the activities of operational services’ units in the course of solving special tasks, ways of increasing the automation level in the process of forming the situation’s spatial-temporal geo-information model. The goal is to solve a definite special problem due to the widespread use of the global navigation satellite systems consumer equipment, integrated with a wide range of onboard sensors (measuring instruments) in both stationary and mobile versions. It is justified that processing of point clouds obtained as a result of periodic measurements tied to a single time scale and spatial coordinate system will provide the management of operational services with a relevant geo-information model of the situation in the area of solving the mentioned matters. Various approaches to creating a figurative-sign model of the situation and formation of conventional signs used for its making are also considered. It is proposed to move from a traditional system of grouping spatial data in a geo-information model by thematic layers to an object-oriented hierarchy of spatial items, where the more global objects will be the "owners" of the constituent ones from the spatial or semantic point of view of the local features, that will provide increased flexibility of algorithms of automatic formation of a frame of cartographic animation due to application of recursive call of rendering methods for each component entering the hierarchy with arguments specific for each one.
计算机技术的进步使空间数据图形表示形成的实践发生了重大变化。作者讨论了使用制图动画评估地面局势的前景,在解决特殊任务的过程中规划和管理作战服务单位的活动,以及在形成局势时空地理信息模型的过程中提高自动化水平的方法。目标是解决一个明确的特殊问题,因为全球导航卫星系统消费设备的广泛使用,与固定和移动版本的各种车载传感器(测量仪器)集成在一起。有理由认为,对作为与单个时间尺度和空间坐标系相关的定期测量结果而获得的点云进行处理,将为运营服务的管理提供解决上述问题领域的相关地理信息模型。还考虑了创建一个形象符号模型的各种方法,以及用于制作该模型的传统符号的形成。建议从传统的按主题层对地理信息模型中的空间数据进行分组的系统转移到面向对象的空间项目层次结构,其中从局部特征的空间或语义角度来看,更多的全局对象将是组成对象的“所有者”,这将提供地图动画帧的自动形成的算法的增加的灵活性,这是由于对于进入具有针对每个组件的特定参数的层次结构的每个组件应用了渲染方法的递归调用。
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引用次数: 0
Modeling of pipeline transportation facilities based on remote sensing data 基于遥感数据的管道运输设施建模
Q4 Earth and Planetary Sciences Pub Date : 2023-06-20 DOI: 10.22389/0016-7126-2023-995-5-43-51
D. Dolgopolov
The author considers the results of geospatial modeling of a production facility based on data from various types of surveys obtained during monitoring. The essence is to combine it in a single coordinate space for subsequent modeling with remote methods. The technological solutions are described; they enable performing geospatial modeling of pipeline transport objects on the basis of a single coordinate space due to the data from various types of remote studies. The site of the oil refinery, where reconstruction must have been carried out, was chosen as the object of the research. The remote sensing data were obtained through ground-based laser scanning and digital aerial photography using a drone. A scheme for remote sensing, information preprocessing and geospatial modeling of pipeline transportation facilities is provided. As a methodological basis for geospatial modeling, constructive methods are used, assuming the finiteness of the elements and the use of its basic components as an information unit.
作者根据监测期间获得的各种类型的调查数据,考虑了生产设施的地理空间建模结果。其本质是将其组合在一个坐标空间中,以便使用远程方法进行后续建模。介绍了技术解决方案;由于来自各种类型的远程研究的数据,它们使得能够在单个坐标空间的基础上执行管道运输对象的地理空间建模。炼油厂所在地是必须进行重建的地方,被选为研究对象。遥感数据是通过地面激光扫描和使用无人机的数字航空摄影获得的。提出了一种管道运输设施的遥感、信息预处理和地理空间建模方案。作为地理空间建模的方法基础,使用了构造性方法,假设元素的有限性及其基本组件作为信息单元。
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引用次数: 0
Information support of land monitoring on the example of the Tyumen oblast, RF (application experience) 土地监测的信息支持,以秋明州为例,RF(应用经验)
Q4 Earth and Planetary Sciences Pub Date : 2023-06-20 DOI: 10.22389/0016-7126-2023-995-5-25-33
V. Okmyanskaya, E. Chernykh
Currently, among the most important priorities of any state is to ensure safety and favorable conditions for human life, limit the negative impact of economic and other activities on the environment and provide the protection and rational use of natural resources in the interests of present and future generations, as well as increasing the attractiveness of urbanized areas. In order to ensure and maintain a favorable environmental situation in the built-up and development areas and to improve the quality of life, there is a need for monitoring the lands of urbanized locations, as well as unique natural complexes and objects using modern technologies and geographic information systems. The authors propose the crowdsourcing platform “EcoZemNavigator” and the geoinformation system “Monitoring of lands of specially protected natural areas ofthe Tyumen region” for information support, exchanging up-to-date data, creating a regional monitoring system for the spatial development of the Tyumen oblast territory based on information technologies.
目前,任何国家最重要的优先事项之一是确保人类生活的安全和有利条件,限制经济活动和其他活动对环境的负面影响,为今世后代的利益保护和合理利用自然资源,以及增加城市化地区的吸引力。为了确保和维持建成区和发展区有利的环境状况,提高生活质量,有必要利用现代技术和地理信息系统监测城市化地区的土地,以及独特的自然建筑群和物体。建议利用众包平台“EcoZemNavigator”和地理信息系统“秋明地区特殊自然保护区土地监测”作为信息支持,交换最新数据,构建基于信息技术的秋明州区域空间发展监测系统。
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引用次数: 0
Archaeological sites interpretation based on segmentation of multispectral aerial data 基于多光谱航空数据分割的考古遗址解释
Q4 Earth and Planetary Sciences Pub Date : 2023-06-20 DOI: 10.22389/0016-7126-2023-995-5-52-63
I. Zhurbin, A. Zlobina, A. Shaura, A. Bazhenova
Comprehensive study of a large territory is necessary for a reliable assessment of the boundaries of archaeological sites, the territory of which has been used as agricultural land for a long time. Multispectral remote sensing data are an effective tool for identifying areas of the cultural layer of different thickness and structure. The considered algorithm of multispectral data processing includes three main stages
对长期为农用地的大范围考古遗址进行综合研究,对其边界进行可靠评估是必要的。多光谱遥感数据是识别不同厚度和结构文化层区域的有效工具。所考虑的多光谱数据处理算法包括三个主要阶段
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引用次数: 0
Working at the concept of an interactive atlas The history of the Engineering Geodesy Department development 致力于交互式地图集的概念工程大地测量系发展的历史
Q4 Earth and Planetary Sciences Pub Date : 2023-06-20 DOI: 10.22389/0016-7126-2023-995-5-9-17
N. Kopylova, K.V. Grigorev, S.M. Slobodkin, A. Romanchikov, N.S. Pavlov
The authors describe the work at an interactive atlas concept, reflecting the historical facts of formation and development of the Engineering Geodesy Department. The onset of the atlas is associated with the use of advanced geoinformation and web technologies. Creating digital maps was carried out in the software environment QGIS (version 3.26.3), distribution using web browsers in the programming languages HTML, CSS, JavaScript, PHP. The source of the information for making thematic maps was archival materials, resources of the library fund, video libraries, open data of evidence and participants in the educational process, findings from websites and geoportals. The atlas is divided into 7 sections
作者以交互式图集的概念描述了这项工作,反映了工程大地测量系形成和发展的历史事实。地图集的出现与先进的地理信息和网络技术的使用有关。创建数字地图是在软件环境QGIS(3.26.3版)中进行的,使用HTML、CSS、JavaScript和PHP编程语言的web浏览器进行分发。制作专题地图的信息来源是档案材料、图书馆基金的资源、视频图书馆、公开的证据数据和教育过程的参与者、网站和地理门户网站的调查结果。该图集分为7个部分
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引用次数: 0
Substitution of the kinematic mode for dynamic one at hydrodynamic leveling 水动力调平中运动模式对动力模式的替代
Q4 Earth and Planetary Sciences Pub Date : 2023-06-20 DOI: 10.22389/0016-7126-2023-995-5-2-8
H. Petrosyan, P. Hambardzumyan, A. Tsaturyan, G.P. Nalbandyan
The relevance and role of automatic monitoring systems for buildings-and-structures’ foundations sediments, deformations, technological equipment, etc. at preventing emergencies and elimination of man-made disasters constantly increases. In geodetic instrumentation in this field, the most easily automated method is hydrostatic leveling, where we use the characteristics of the liquids always settling at the same level in communicating vessels, and the distance is measured from the edge of the sensor’s vessel to the surface of the aqua. In order to simplify the process of this measurement, a new method was developed, where the level in all receptacle sensors rises evenly until it contacts the fixed electrodes instead of mechanical moving the contact electrode. The authors present the theoretical and experimental results of the hydrodynamic leveling system further improvement. In particular, it is proposed that instead of uniformly raising the leveling tank and creating a liquid rush under the influence of which a stationary movement is created, this pressure in relation to its level in the sensors is installed in a stationary tank in advance, equipping its solenoid valve, which opens when measurements are started.
建筑物和构筑物基础沉积物、变形、技术设备等自动监测系统在预防紧急情况和消除人为灾害方面的相关性和作用不断增强。在该领域的大地测量仪器中,最容易自动化的方法是静水水准测量,在静水水准测量中,我们使用在通信容器中始终处于同一水平的液体的特性,并测量从传感器容器边缘到水面的距离。为了简化测量过程,开发了一种新方法,即所有插座传感器中的液位均匀上升,直到它接触固定电极,而不是机械移动接触电极。作者介绍了进一步改进的水动力水准测量系统的理论和实验结果。特别是,有人提出,不是均匀地升高调平箱并在其影响下产生液体冲击,而是将传感器中与液位相关的压力预先安装在固定箱中,配备其电磁阀,该电磁阀在测量开始时打开。
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引用次数: 0
Alternative estimation of accuracy in inverse photogrammetry tasks 反摄影测量任务中精度的替代估计
Q4 Earth and Planetary Sciences Pub Date : 2023-06-20 DOI: 10.22389/0016-7126-2023-995-5-18-24
E. Voronin
This is the fifth article in a series of publications on improving the statistical quality of solving inverse photogrammetry tasks. As a consequence of the algorithms developed before, to improve the statistical quality of the equalization, the possibility of evaluating its accuracy results has become quite obvious and unexpected at the same time. The essence of the methods used to assess the exactness of direct and indirect measurements is described. Their shortcomings are noted. Based on the analysis of the algorithms for correcting, a new, alternative method for evaluating the mentioned results is proposed. Its advantages in comparison with known methods are noted. The main ones are
这是一系列出版物中关于提高反摄影测量任务解决的统计质量的第五篇文章。由于之前开发的算法,为了提高均衡的统计质量,评估其准确性结果的可能性变得非常明显,同时也出乎意料。描述了用于评估直接和间接测量准确性的方法的本质。他们的缺点被注意到了。在分析校正算法的基础上,提出了一种评估上述结果的新的替代方法。注意到它与已知方法相比的优点。主要有
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引用次数: 0
ANALYSIS OF TWO-OPTION INTEGRATION OF UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLE AND TERRESTRIAL LASER SCANNING DATA FOR HISTORICAL ARCHITECTURE INVENTORY 历史建筑清查中无人机与地面激光扫描数据双选项集成分析
Q4 Earth and Planetary Sciences Pub Date : 2023-06-09 DOI: 10.3846/gac.2023.16990
S. Sobura, K. Bacharz, Grzegorz Granek
The 3D reconstruction of historical and cultural heritage monuments is a procedure recommended by the UNESCO World Heritage Institution since 1985. It is crucial when conserving monuments and creating digital twins. Current 3D reconstruction techniques using digital images and terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) data are considered as cost-effective and efficient methods for the production of high-quality digital 3D models. In the presented study, laser scanning and close-range photogrammetry techniques and images taken by a low-cost unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) were applied to quickly and completely acquire the point cloud and texture of a historic church in Poland. The aim of this study was to evaluate two options for integrating TLS and UAV data, using ground control points (GCP) measured by two independent techniques: tachymetry and laser scanning. The study shows that the 3D model created based on ground control points acquired by the laser scanning technique has a mean square error RMSEXYZ = 2.5 cm on the check points. The result obtained is not much larger than the second variant of data integration, for which RMSEXYZ = 1.7 cm. Thus, the TLS method was positively evaluated as a GCP measurement technique for the integration of UAV and TLS data and the creation of cartometric 3D models of religious buildings.
历史文化遗产古迹的三维重建是联合国教科文组织世界遗产研究所自1985年以来建议的一项程序。在保护古迹和创建数字双胞胎时,这一点至关重要。当前使用数字图像和地面激光扫描(TLS)数据的3D重建技术被认为是生产高质量数字3D模型的具有成本效益和高效的方法。在本研究中,应用激光扫描和近距离摄影测量技术以及低成本无人机拍摄的图像,快速、完整地获取了波兰一座历史教堂的点云和纹理。本研究的目的是使用通过两种独立技术测量的地面控制点(GCP)来评估整合TLS和无人机数据的两种选择:测距和激光扫描。研究表明,基于激光扫描技术获取的地面控制点创建的3D模型在检查点上具有均方误差RMSEXYZ=2.5cm。所获得的结果并不比第二种数据集成变体大多少,其中RMSEXYZ=1.7 cm。因此,TLS方法被积极评价为一种GCP测量技术,用于集成无人机和TLS数据,并创建宗教建筑的立体测量3D模型。
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引用次数: 1
Application of a complex variable’s analytical functions at converting the points’ coordinates from one system to another 复变量分析函数在将点坐标从一个系统转换为另一个系统时的应用
Q4 Earth and Planetary Sciences Pub Date : 2023-05-20 DOI: 10.22389/0016-7126-2023-994-4-50-59
A. Vinogradov
At processing geodetic networks, it is necessary to transform the coordinates of points from one system to another. Two methods are most common
在处理大地测量网络时,有必要将点的坐标从一个系统转换到另一个系统。两种方法最常见
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引用次数: 0
On assignment of new geographic names in the Larsemann Hills oasis (East Antarctica) 东南极洲Larsemann Hills绿洲新地名的确定
Q4 Earth and Planetary Sciences Pub Date : 2023-05-20 DOI: 10.22389/0016-7126-2023-994-4-60-64
I. Florinsky
The author makes a summary for a series of geomorphometric, geological, and biological field studies by a complex team of the 68th Russian Antarctic Expedition performed at two areas of the Larsemann Hills oasis (Ingrid Christensen Coast, Princess Elizabeth Land, East Antarctica) in February 2023. The areas (a rocky island and a cape) are located to the south of the Stornes Peninsula, at the western border of the oasis with the Polararboken Glacier, on the Wilcock Bay coast. At the time of filed studies, both the areas were white spots on large scale topographic and geological maps, unexplored, and without any names given before. Guided by traditions of land explorers as well as considering the mapping practice of new territories, the 68th Russian Antarctic Expedition complex team assigned seven toponyms to the areas and their particular elements.
作者总结了俄罗斯第68次南极考察队的一个复杂团队于2023年2月在Larsemann Hills绿洲的两个地区(Ingrid Christensen海岸、伊丽莎白公主地、南极洲东部)进行的一系列地貌、地质和生物实地研究。这些地区(一个岩石岛和一个海角)位于斯托恩斯半岛以南,位于绿洲与Polararboken冰川的西部边界,位于威尔科克湾海岸。在进行实地研究时,这两个地区都是大规模地形和地质图上的白点,未经勘探,以前没有任何名称。在陆地探险家传统的指导下,并考虑到新领土的测绘实践,俄罗斯第68次南极探险队为这些地区及其特定元素指定了七个地名。
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引用次数: 1
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Geodeziya i Kartografiya
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