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En Route for the Accomplishment of SDG-7 in South Asian Countries: A Retrospective Study 在南亚国家实现可持续发展目标7的道路上:回顾性研究
Q3 Environmental Science Pub Date : 2021-12-18 DOI: 10.13052/10.13052/spee1048-4236.4031
V. Katekar, S. Deshmukh
With one-fifth of the world’s population, South Asian nations are home to 37 percent of the world’s poor and 50 percent of the world’s hungry children. This region experiences enormous development and infrastructure challenges. The paper investigates the progress of South Asian countries on Sustainable Development Goal-7, which is associated with access to modern energy to all. The present research also highlights significant issues and challenges behind the slow progress of South Asian countries on SDG-7. This study indicates that Bhutan and India are top-performing countries; however, Pakistan and Afghanistan are lower-performing countries on SDG-7 among all other South Asian countries. It has also been observed that South Asian countries have a narrow focus on renewable energy. South Asian nations will address their energy shortages issue and save a lot of money by using renewable energy instead of importing hydrocarbons. South Asian nations must diversify their main energy consumption patterns to achieve SDG-7. They may address their energy concerns at the policy, economic, technological, and information levels and boost cross-border energy commerce.
南亚国家人口占世界人口的五分之一,居住着世界上37%的穷人和50%的饥饿儿童。该地区面临着巨大的发展和基础设施挑战。本文调查了南亚国家在可持续发展目标7方面的进展,该目标与所有人获得现代能源有关。本研究还强调了南亚国家在可持续发展目标7方面进展缓慢背后的重大问题和挑战。这项研究表明,不丹和印度是表现最好的国家;然而,在所有其他南亚国家中,巴基斯坦和阿富汗在可持续发展目标7中的表现较低。也有人观察到,南亚国家对可再生能源的关注范围很窄。南亚国家将通过使用可再生能源而不是进口碳氢化合物来解决能源短缺问题,并节省大量资金。南亚国家必须使其主要能源消费模式多样化,以实现可持续发展目标7。他们可能会在政策、经济、技术和信息层面解决能源问题,并促进跨境能源商业。
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引用次数: 3
Rating the Sustainable Energy Problems in Manufacturing Businesses and Selecting the Best Energy Security Policy: The Case of Samsun 制造业企业可持续能源问题评价与最佳能源安全政策选择——以三星电子为例
Q3 Environmental Science Pub Date : 2021-12-15 DOI: 10.13052/10.13052/spee1048-4236.4025
M. Ergün, Saliha Memiş, Selçuk Korucuk, Çağlar Karamaşa
Today, economic development and development are extremely important. With the increasing need for energy in both the world and Turkish economy, the importance of ensuring the sustainability of the energy resources used and the security of energy supply is also increasing. Implementation of a sustainable energy system; It includes important factors such as efficient energy use together with sufficient, economical, safe and environmentally compatible energy supply. Energy is one of the main factors to consider in discussions of sustainable development. The main dimensions of sustainability in energy production are environmental protection and the economically and socially sustainable supply of energy resources in a way that is reliable, sufficient and financially accessible in the long run. For this reason, it is important for Turkey to identify sustainable energy problems and determine the right energy policy. In this study, the determination of sustainable energy problems and the problems of determining the right energy security policy in manufacturing enterprises in Samsun province in Turkey were made with multi-criteria decision making methods. As a result of this research, the most ideal energy security policy was “Resource Sharing” in the selection created by using the degrees of sustainable energy related problems in manufacturing enterprises. On the other hand, the most ideal energy security alternatives were realized as Resource Sharing (A4)>> Source Distribution (A3)>> Resource Diversification (A1)>> Price Security (A2), respectively.
今天,经济发展和发展是极其重要的。随着世界和土耳其经济对能源的需求日益增加,确保所使用能源资源的可持续性和能源供应安全的重要性也在增加。实施可持续能源系统;它包括诸如有效利用能源以及充足、经济、安全和环境相容的能源供应等重要因素。能源是讨论可持续发展时要考虑的主要因素之一。能源生产的可持续性的主要方面是环境保护和以可靠、充足和长期在财政上可获得的方式在经济和社会上可持续地供应能源。因此,土耳其必须确定可持续能源问题并确定正确的能源政策。本研究采用多准则决策方法对土耳其Samsun省制造企业的可持续能源问题的确定和正确的能源安全政策的确定问题进行了研究。研究结果表明,在利用制造业企业可持续能源相关问题的严重程度所创建的选择中,最理想的能源安全政策是“资源共享”。另一方面,最理想的能源安全替代方案分别为资源共享(A4)、资源分配(A3)、资源多样化(A1)、资源多样化(4)、价格安全(A2)。
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引用次数: 1
Renewable Energy and Economic Efficiency in the Framework of Sustainable Development: Malmquist Index and Tobit Model 可持续发展框架下的可再生能源与经济效率:Malmquist指数和Tobit模型
Q3 Environmental Science Pub Date : 2021-12-08 DOI: 10.13052/10.13052/spee1048-4236.4024
Eda Bozkurt
Today, energy is as important as labour, capital and technology for the growth of countries. As countries grow economically, they try to achieve the same or more amounts of output with fewer inputs. In other words, countries target efficiency based growth. As the economic growth of countries increases, their energy requirements also increase. Regarding countries that are not rich in domestic resources, this increase, imposes significant costs. On the other hand, the finite energy supply in countries rich in domestic resources is an important problem. That is why the phenomenon of renewable energy has become a trend all over the world. In addition to reducing import dependence on energy, new policies are required to reduce the effects of climate changes and to protect natural resources. That is why; renewable energy and economic efficiency are an attractive research area. In the study, efficiency scores were obtained by calculating the Malmquist total factor productivity index in the period 1992–2018 for 10 countries among the N11 countries. Then, the efficiency values obtained by using the two stage estimation method were used as the dependent variables. The test results based on Tobit regression indicated that the increase in the supply of renewable energy positively increases economic efficiency. It can be said that the supply of renewable energy will lead to economic efficiency in the future.
今天,能源与劳动力、资本和技术对国家增长同样重要。随着各国经济的增长,它们试图用更少的投入实现相同或更多的产出。换句话说,各国的目标是基于效率的增长。随着各国经济增长,其能源需求也在增加。对于国内资源不丰富的国家来说,这一增长带来了巨大的成本。另一方面,国内资源丰富的国家的能源供应有限是一个重要问题。这就是为什么可再生能源现象已经成为全世界的一种趋势。除了减少对能源的进口依赖外,还需要制定新的政策来减少气候变化的影响并保护自然资源。这就是为什么;可再生能源和经济效率是一个有吸引力的研究领域。在这项研究中,效率得分是通过计算1992年至2018年期间11个国家中10个国家的Malmquist全要素生产率指数获得的。然后,使用通过使用两阶段估计方法获得的效率值作为因变量。基于Tobit回归的测试结果表明,可再生能源供应的增加正提高经济效率。可以说,可再生能源的供应将提高未来的经济效率。
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引用次数: 1
PEST Analysis of Sports Characteristic Town Construction Under the Background of “Healthy China” “健康中国”背景下体育特色小镇建设的PEST分析
Q3 Environmental Science Pub Date : 2021-12-08 DOI: 10.13052/10.13052/spee1048-4236.4023
Mengnan Xie
Sport is psychoactive and work, other than for professional sport, is generally not taken into account. The important distinctive defining feature of sport is that competition must occur against, or against, an opponent. In order to remain competitive, an activity must be declared a victor by one of the participants. The activity is simply stress free without competition. This paper analyzes the macro environment of the construction of small towns with Chinese sports characteristics by literature study, logical analysis and PEST analysis. The results are as follows: the political environment: national policies and regulations are clear, and local governments can actively promote and carry out the construction of small towns with sports characteristics; the economic environment: the sports industry will be the pillar industry of stable economic growth, and the construction of small towns with sports contains huge economy consumption potential; social environment: people have a strong interest in sports culture, and national health has become a national strategy; technology environment: “Internet plus” and science & technology can provide huge technical support for the construction of sports featured towns. Optimization path: improve policies and government supervision, and plan reasonably; strengthen environmental protection, and carry forward traditional sports culture; create “sports plus” industrial ecosystem, and enhance regional economic development; innovate scientifically and cultivate construction talents.
体育是一种精神活动,而工作,除了职业体育,一般不被考虑在内。体育运动最重要的特点是,比赛必须与对手对抗。为了保持竞争力,一项活动必须由一名参与者宣布获胜。这项活动完全没有压力,没有竞争。本文采用文献法、逻辑分析法和PEST分析法对中国体育特色小城镇建设的宏观环境进行了分析。结果是:政治环境:国家政策法规明确,地方政府能够积极推动和开展体育特色小城镇建设;经济环境:体育产业将是经济稳定增长的支柱产业,体育小城镇建设蕴含巨大的经济消费潜力;社会环境:人们对体育文化兴趣浓厚,全民健康已成为国家战略;科技环境:“互联网+”和科技可以为体育特色小镇的建设提供巨大的技术支撑。优化路径:完善政策和政府监管,合理规划;加强环境保护,弘扬传统体育文化;打造“体育+”产业生态系统,促进区域经济发展;科学创新,培养建筑人才。
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引用次数: 0
Evaluation of Digital Rural Development from the Perspective of Rural Revitalization – Take Zhejiang Province as an Example 乡村振兴视野下的数字乡村发展评价——以浙江省为例
Q3 Environmental Science Pub Date : 2021-12-08 DOI: 10.13052/10.13052/spee1048-4236.4022
Songyan Zhang, Simin Wu
The construction of the digital village is a combination of the concept of digital economy and the strategy of rural revitalization, which requires a correct understanding and scientific evaluation. Taking Zhejiang Province as the research object, based on the actual situation and the connotation of digital villages, a digital village indicator system was constructed from the two dimensions of digital village development capacity and development effectiveness, and the relative entropy TOPSIS method was used to analyze the digital villages in Zhejiang Province from 2016 to 2019. Compare and evaluate the development level. The results show that the development of digital villages in Zhejiang Province has achieved remarkable results, and the development level of digital villages has been improved year by year. Among them, the index scores of industry digitalization, governance digitalization, service digitalization, digital life, agricultural production, farmers’ prosperity, and rural prosperity have achieved stable or rapid growth. The close value of TOPSIS is increasing year by year. Finally, it puts forward countermeasures and suggestions to promote the development of digital villages across the country.
数字乡村建设是数字经济理念与乡村振兴战略的结合,需要正确认识和科学评价。以浙江省为研究对象,基于数字乡村的实际情况和内涵,从数字乡村发展能力和发展成效两个维度构建了数字乡村指标体系,并运用相对熵TOPSIS方法对浙江省2016-2019年数字乡村进行了分析。比较和评估发展水平。结果表明,浙江省数字乡村发展成效显著,数字乡村发展水平逐年提升。其中,产业数字化、治理数字化、服务数字化、数字生活、农业生产、农民富裕、农村富裕等指标得分实现稳定或快速增长。TOPSIS的收盘价在逐年上升。最后,提出了促进全国数字乡村发展的对策和建议。
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引用次数: 3
Asta-Ja and Energy Security in Nepal 亚洲和尼泊尔的能源安全
Q3 Environmental Science Pub Date : 2021-11-20 DOI: 10.13052/spee1048-4236.4021
D. Poudel
Energy independence and sustainable renewable energy sources are the two main components of energy security for Nepal. More than 2/3rd of energy consumed in Nepal comes from biofuels and waste and about 1/4th of energy consumed comes from coal and petroleum products. With increasing number of motor vehicles and rising demand for cooking gas, Nepal’s coal and petroleum import bills in recent years have reached over Rs. 200 billion. With its vast water resources, Nepal has a great potential for energy independence and sustainability and achieve energy security. Nepal’s current 1,689 MW hydroelectricity capacity is expected to reach over 5,000 MW in next three to five years, which means Nepal will have a large amount of clean energy in the market. This increased hydropower production will also require an increased domestic consumption by making hydroelectricity affordable, reliable, and high-quality energy by improving its distribution system. Nepal also has a very high potential for solar power, which need to be harnessed and brought to the national grid. Nepal needs to harness all energy sources, which consist of hydropower, solar power, wind power, biofuels, and biogas, in a sustainable way for its energy independence and security. Because Nepal is in a geologically active and natural disasters prone area, it is critical to ensure ecological balance of Asta-Ja elements, Nepali letter, Jal (water), Jamin (land), Jungle (forest), Jadibuti (medicinal and aromatic plants), Janashakti (manpower), Janawar (animal), Jarajuri (crop plants) and Jalabayu (climate) while developing energy resources. Asta-Ja Framework serves as the connecting bridge between the energy resources and the end users. Strategic planning for comprehensive energy development considering ecological balance of Asta-Ja resources, decarbonization and electrification of energy end uses, improvement of energy infrastructures, continuous monitoring and evaluation of energy sector, and development of hydropower plants and alternative energy sources such as solar and wind is suggested for energy security in Nepal.
能源独立和可持续可再生能源是尼泊尔能源安全的两个主要组成部分。尼泊尔超过三分之二的能源消耗来自生物燃料和废物,约四分之一的能源消费来自煤炭和石油产品。随着机动车数量的增加和对燃气需求的增加,尼泊尔近年来的煤炭和石油进口账单已超过2000亿卢比。尼泊尔拥有丰富的水资源,在能源独立和可持续发展以及实现能源安全方面具有巨大潜力。尼泊尔目前1689兆瓦的水力发电能力预计在未来三到五年内将达到5000兆瓦以上,这意味着尼泊尔将在市场上拥有大量清洁能源。水力发电产量的增加还需要通过改善配电系统,使水力发电成为负担得起、可靠和高质量的能源,从而增加国内消费。尼泊尔的太阳能也有很高的潜力,需要加以利用并接入国家电网。尼泊尔需要以可持续的方式利用所有能源,包括水电、太阳能、风能、生物燃料和沼气,以实现其能源独立和安全。由于尼泊尔处于地质活跃和自然灾害多发地区,在开发能源的同时,确保Asta Ja元素、尼泊尔字母、Jal(水)、Jamin(土地)、Jungle(森林)、Jadibuti(药用和芳香植物)、Janashakti(人力)、Janawar(动物)、Jarajuri(作物)和Jalabayu(气候)的生态平衡至关重要。Asta-Ja框架是连接能源资源和最终用户的桥梁。为了尼泊尔的能源安全,建议对综合能源发展进行战略规划,考虑阿斯塔贾资源的生态平衡、能源最终用途的脱碳和电气化、能源基础设施的改善、能源部门的持续监测和评估,以及水电站和太阳能、风能等替代能源的开发。
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引用次数: 2
Towards Smart Green Cities: Analysis of Integrated Renewable Energy Use in Smart Cities 走向智能绿色城市:智能城市可再生能源综合利用分析
Q3 Environmental Science Pub Date : 2021-10-07 DOI: 10.13052/SPEE1048-5236.4015
N. Vukovic, Ulyana Koriugina, Daria Illarionova, Daria Pankratova, Polina Kiseleva, A. Gontareva
This study aims to estimate and explore the experience of introducing renewable energy use in the context of the world’s smart cities. In this regard, the study points out that the use of green energy is an important part of sustainable development. Environmental problems are a matter of global concern. Hence sustainable development is one of the approaches to end the harmful anthropogenic impact. The work includes quantitative assessment methods, for example, statistics, quantitative analysis, analogy, and synthesis. As a result, the analysis confirms that the effective development of a smart green city is impossible without the introduction of several renewable energy sources, the integrated use of which will reduce the likelihood of problems with the city’s energy supply. Likewise, the outcome accentuates that the desire to fully switch to renewable energy sources (RES) can be accompanied by several problems as the creation of RES technologies does not always take the risk of abnormal situations into account. In conclusion, the research findings are recommended to be taken into consideration by researchers in the field of smart and sustainable cities development, as well as urbanists and economists for designing future smart green cities based on renewable energy sources.
本研究旨在评估和探索在世界智慧城市背景下引入可再生能源使用的经验。对此,研究指出,绿色能源的利用是可持续发展的重要组成部分。环境问题是全球关注的问题。因此,可持续发展是消除有害的人为影响的途径之一。这项工作包括定量评估方法,例如统计、定量分析、类比和综合。因此,分析证实,如果没有几种可再生能源的引入,智慧绿色城市的有效发展是不可能的,这些可再生能源的综合利用将减少城市能源供应问题的可能性。同样,结果强调,完全转向可再生能源(RES)的愿望可能伴随着几个问题,因为RES技术的创造并不总是考虑到异常情况的风险。综上所述,本文的研究结果可供智慧和可持续城市发展领域的研究人员以及城市学家和经济学家参考,以设计基于可再生能源的未来智慧绿色城市。
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引用次数: 3
Setting Up Optimal Meteorological Networks: An Example From Italy 建立最佳气象网络:以意大利为例
Q3 Environmental Science Pub Date : 2021-10-07 DOI: 10.13052/SPEE1048-5236.4013
R. Aromolo, V. Moretti, T. Sorgi
A permanent assessment of climate regime in forest sites has a key role in forest resource conservation and preservation of ecosystem services, biodiversity and landscape multi-functionality, informing sustainable forest management. In this view, time-series of meteorological data relative to several monitoring sites from the ICP-Forest network in Italy, were analyzed with the aim to define the number of site-specific observations, which can be considered adequate for further analysis on forest resource management. The relative importance of each factor accounted in our analysis (season, year, variable, plot, sampling proportion) was investigated comparing results through the use of descriptive statistics.
对森林地区气候状况的永久评估在森林资源保护和生态系统服务、生物多样性和景观多功能保护方面发挥着关键作用,为可持续森林管理提供信息。根据这一观点,对意大利国际比较项目森林网络中几个监测点的气象数据的时间序列进行了分析,目的是确定特定地点观测的数量,这些观测可以被认为足以对森林资源管理进行进一步分析。通过使用描述性统计数据比较结果,调查了我们分析中考虑的每个因素(季节、年份、变量、图、抽样比例)的相对重要性。
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引用次数: 1
Real Power Loss Reduction by Cinnamon ibon Search Optimization Algorithm 肉桂ibon搜索优化算法降低实际功率损耗
Q3 Environmental Science Pub Date : 2021-10-07 DOI: 10.13052/SPEE1048-5236.4014
L. Kanagasabai
In this paper Cinnamon ibon Search Optimization Algorithm (CSOA) is used for solving the power loss lessening problem. Key objectives of the paper are Real power Loss reduction, Voltage stability enhancement and minimization of Voltage deviation. Searching and scavenging behavior of Cinnamon ibon has been imitated to model the algorithm. Cinnamon ibon birds which are in supremacy of the group are trustworthy to be hunted by predators and dependably attempt to achieve a improved position and the Cinnamon ibon ones that are positioned in the inner of the population, drive adjacent to the nearer populations to dodge the threat of being confronted. The systematic model of the Cinnamon ibon search Algorithm originates with an arbitrary individual of Cinnamon ibon. The Cinnamon ibon search algorithm entities show the position of the Cinnamon ibon. Besides, the Cinnamon ibon bird is supple in using the cooperating plans and it alternates between the fabricator and the cadger. Successively the Cinnamon ibon identifies the predator position; then they charm the others by tweeting signs. The cadgers would be focussed to the imperilled regions by fabricators once the fear cost is more than the defence threshold. Likewise, the subterfuge of both the cadger and the fabricator is commonly used by Cinnamon ibon. The dispersion of the Cinnamon ibon location in the solution area is capricious. An impulsive drive approach was applied when dispossession of any adjacent Cinnamon ibon in the purlieu of the present population. This style diminishes the convergence tendency and decreases the convergence inexorableness grounded on the controlled sum of iterations. Authenticity of the Cinnamon ibon Search Optimization Algorithm (CSOA) is corroborated in IEEE 30 bus system (with and devoid of L-index). Genuine power loss lessening is attained. Proportion of actual power loss lessening is amplified.
本文将肉桂-伊本搜索优化算法(CSOA)用于求解功率损耗减少问题。本文的主要目标是降低实际功率损耗、提高电压稳定性和最小化电压偏差。该算法模拟了肉桂的搜索和清除行为。在种群中占据优势的肉桂伊本鸟值得信赖,会被捕食者猎杀,并可靠地试图获得更好的位置,而位于种群内部的肉桂伊本鸟则会靠近较近的种群,以躲避面临的威胁。肉桂ibon搜索算法的系统模型源于肉桂ibon的任意个体。肉桂ibon搜索算法实体显示肉桂ibon的位置。此外,肉桂伊本鸟在使用合作计划时很灵活,它在制造商和搬运工之间交替。肉桂ibon依次识别捕食者的位置;然后他们通过发微博来吸引其他人。一旦恐惧成本超过防御阈值,制造商就会将注意力集中在危险区域。同样,肉桂伊本也经常使用骗子和制造者的伎俩。肉桂ibon位置在溶液区域的分散是多变的。在取代现有人群的情况下,当丢弃任何相邻的肉桂ibon时,采用了脉冲驱动方法。这种风格减少了收敛的趋势,并减少了基于迭代控制和的收敛的不确定性。Cinnamon ibon搜索优化算法(CSOA)在IEEE 30总线系统(有和无L索引)中得到了验证。实现了真正的功率损耗降低。实际功率损耗减少的比例被放大。
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引用次数: 0
Adaptive Dragonfly Optimization Based Placement of Capacitor Banks for Voltage Stability Enhancement in Distribution Networks 基于自适应蜻蜓优化的配电网电压稳定性增强电容器组布局
Q3 Environmental Science Pub Date : 2021-10-07 DOI: 10.13052/SPEE1048-5236.4012
B. Babu
The present day ever escalating power demand moves the operating point of the distribution networks in the vicinity of the voltage stability boundaries. Any small reactive power unbalance between the generation and demand may trigger voltage instability, which makes the voltage magnitude to fall slowly until a rapid change occurs. This paper presents an adaptive dragonfly optimization based method for placement of shunt capacitor banks with a view of improving the voltage stability besides enhancing the voltage profile and lowering the network losses. Simulation results on 33 and 69-node distribution networks exhibit the greater performances of the suggested algorithm.
当前不断升级的电力需求将配电网的操作点移动到电压稳定边界附近。发电和需求之间的任何小的无功功率不平衡都可能引发电压不稳定,这使得电压幅值缓慢下降,直到发生快速变化。本文提出了一种基于自适应蜻蜓优化的并联电容器组布置方法,目的是在提高电压分布和降低网络损耗的同时,提高电压稳定性。在33和69节点配电网上的仿真结果表明,该算法具有更好的性能。
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引用次数: 3
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Strategic Planning for Energy and the Environment
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