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Huff and Puff by Flue Gas for Tight Oil Recovery to Achieve Sustainable Energy Future 利用烟气吞吐法开采致密油实现可持续能源的未来
Q3 Environmental Science Pub Date : 2023-01-31 DOI: 10.13052/spee1048-5236.4225
Xu Chen, Zubo Zhang, Qingjie Liu, Ling Sun, H. Xiao, Jian Gao, Hao Kang
Due to its distribution and reserve characteristics, tight oil has become one of the main targets for future oil and gas exploration. The use of waste flue gas for oil displacement can not only reduce carbon emissions but also enhance oil recovery, which is a technology with great prospects nowadays. In this paper, the pore structure of the tight reservoir core was first characterized by scanning electron microscopy and casting thin section test. Based on these foundations, the displacement experiment was carried out on the tight oil recovery modelling platform, and the pressure distribution and recovery percent of reserves by flue gas huff and puff were innovatively characterized. Study shows that the formation pressure can be maintained in a good level by this technology and the final recovery can be improved a lot than depletion exploitation method. Therefore, the flue gas huff and puff is an effective and advanced technology for tight oil recovery. In the end, specific suggestions are also provided concerning future studies on the field application of flue gas flooding for enhanced oil recovery.
致密油由于其分布和储量特点,已成为未来油气勘探的主要目标之一。利用废烟气驱油不仅可以减少碳排放,还可以提高原油采收率,这是一项极具发展前景的技术。本文首次采用扫描电子显微镜和铸轧薄片试验对致密储层岩心的孔隙结构进行了表征。在此基础上,在致密油采收率建模平台上进行了驱替实验,创新性地表征了烟气吞吐压力分布和采出率。研究表明,采用该技术可以使地层压力保持在一个良好的水平,与贫化开采方法相比,最终采收率可以提高很多。因此,烟气吞吐是一种有效、先进的致密油开采技术。最后,对今后烟气驱提高采收率的现场应用研究提出了具体建议。
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引用次数: 0
LSTM Based Forecasting of PV Power for a Second Order Lever Principle Single Axis Solar Tracker 基于LSTM的二阶杠杆原理单轴太阳跟踪器光伏功率预测
Q3 Environmental Science Pub Date : 2023-01-31 DOI: 10.13052/spee1048-5236.4226
Krishna Kumba, S. P. Simon, K. Sundareswaran, P. S. R. Nayak
Nowadays solar power generation has significantly improved all over the world. Therefore, the power estimation of photovoltaic (PV) using weather parameters presents the future management of energy utilization in power system planning. This article presents the power forecast of the Second Order Lever Principle Single Axis Solar Tracker (SOLPSAST) system. A deep neural network is developed using Long Short Term Memory (LSTM) and is validated on sunny, cloudy and partially cloudy days. The performance of the proposed LSTM in comparison with Support Vector Machine (SVM) has improved the Mean Absolute Proportion Error (MAPE) forecasts accuracy to 4.29%, 5.16%, and 4.82% for sunny, cloudy and partially cloudy days, respectively. Also, the estimated Mean Relative Error (MRE) value of the LSTM model for sunny, cloudy and partially cloudy days is 3.19%, 4.10%, and 4.02%, respectively. Finally, the forecasted power generation of the SOLPSAST system’s monthly average and annual generation is found to be 2.45 Wh, and 29.44 kWh, respectively.
如今,太阳能发电在世界各地都有了显著的进步。因此,利用天气参数对光伏(PV)的功率进行估计,为未来电力系统规划中的能源利用管理提供了依据。本文介绍了二阶杠杆原理单轴太阳跟踪器(SOLPSAST)系统的功率预测。使用长短期记忆(LSTM)开发了一个深度神经网络,并在晴天、阴天和部分阴天进行了验证。与支持向量机(SVM)相比,所提出的LSTM的性能将晴天、阴天和部分阴天的平均绝对比例误差(MAPE)预测精度分别提高到4.29%、5.16%和4.82%。此外,LSTM模型在晴天、阴天和部分阴天的估计平均相对误差(MRE)值分别为3.19%、4.10%和4.02%。最后,SOLPSAST系统的月平均发电量和年发电量的预测发电量分别为2.45 Wh和29.44 kWh。
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引用次数: 0
Production of Nanocarbon from Local Raw Materials 利用当地原料生产纳米碳
Q3 Environmental Science Pub Date : 2022-12-29 DOI: 10.13052/spee1048-5236.4219
Kholmirzaeva Khilola, Fayzullayev Normurot Ibodullayevich, Normurodov Otajon Uktamovich, Haydarov Gayrat Shoyimovich
This research aims at extraction of nanocarbon from local raw materials through a detailed study of its characteristics. The research involves study of thermal properties of fruit kernels (apricots) and walnut kernels, determining the optimal modes of the carbonization process for each type of raw material, developing a method for the synthesis of spherical granules by liquid granulation and determining the optimum concentration of the sulfuric acid solution used in granulation. Analysis of the results on the dynamic sorption of petroleum products showed that maximum sorption is achieved when using a sorbent obtained at 400∘C for 30 minutes. Temperature regimes have been optimized for obtaining sorbent from walnut shells with different carbon content. The hydrophobicity and oleophilic of their surface are common to all these materials. The dynamic conditions of the adsorption capacity processes under the sorbents were studied. Sorption efficiency and the specific capacity of sorbents were determined. It has been shown that the technological cycle of the studied sorbents can be repeated by repeated purification. When activated charcoal is used to purify water from petroleum products, the process of leaching with colloidal and finely dispersed mixtures – it was found that deaeration is necessary. The individual composition of the ether fraction OV-1 has a fixed liquid phase, Connected to Finuigan 4023 Automated GC/MS System mass spectrometer, It was determined by chromato-mass spectrometry in a capillary column 40 m long and 0.25 mm in internal diameter. The results of the Fure-IR spectroscopy study of samples based on the apricot peel, walnut peel, and walnut peel showed that winning symmetrical bands (2920 and 2851 cm−1) were observed in them, these bands belong to the C-H-valence oscillation belonging to the methyl and methylene groups. In the spectrum taken from a sample of apricot peel, absorption bands belonging to cellulose (1377 cm−1 and 1069 cm−1 ) were observed. Thermogravimetric studies were performed on an STA 449C Jupiter synchronous thermal analysis instrument in the inert environment at a heating rate of 10∘ C/min in the temperature range of 25–1000∘C. Analysis of the porous structure parameters of carbon sorbents were carried out using the high-speed analyzer of gas sorption NOVA-1200e by the method of imaging nitrogen adsorption isotherms at a temperature of 77K.
本研究旨在通过对纳米碳特性的详细研究,从当地的原材料中提取纳米碳。该研究包括研究果仁(杏)和核桃仁的热特性,确定每种原料的最佳碳化过程模式,开发一种通过液体造粒合成球形颗粒的方法,并确定造粒时使用的硫酸溶液的最佳浓度。对石油产品动态吸附结果的分析表明,使用在400°C下获得的吸附剂30分钟可达到最大的吸附效果。对从不同碳含量的核桃壳中获得吸附剂的温度进行了优化。它们表面的疏水性和亲油性是所有这些材料所共有的。研究了吸附剂吸附容量过程的动态条件。测定了吸附剂的吸附效率和比容量。研究表明,所研究的吸附剂可以通过重复纯化来重复工艺循环。当使用活性炭净化石油产品的水时,用胶体和精细分散的混合物浸出的过程中,发现脱氧是必要的。醚组分OV-1为固定液相,连接Finuigan 4023全自动GC/MS系统质谱仪,在长40 m,内径0.25 mm的毛细管柱上进行色谱质谱测定。对杏皮、核桃皮和核桃皮样品进行了红外光谱分析,结果表明,杏皮、核桃皮和核桃皮均存在2920和2851 cm−1的对称谱带,这些谱带属于甲基和亚甲基c - h价振荡。在杏皮样品的光谱中,观察到纤维素的吸收带(1377 cm−1和1069 cm−1)。热重研究在STA 449C木星同步热分析仪器上进行,在25-1000°C的温度范围内,以10°C/min的升温速率在惰性环境中进行。采用高速气体吸附分析仪NOVA-1200e,采用成像氮气吸附等温线法在77K温度下对碳吸附剂的孔隙结构参数进行了分析。
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引用次数: 0
Smart Grid Technology Acceptance Barriers: Indian Consumers Perspective 智能电网技术接受障碍:印度消费者视角
Q3 Environmental Science Pub Date : 2022-12-29 DOI: 10.13052/spee1048-5236.4215
Archana
The several challenges confronted by the energy sector in India have impelled to adopt advanced technologies to make the grid more effective, sustainable, and secure. In this context, this study proposes a hierarchical model with identified barriers to smart grid acceptance by consumers in India. Seventeen barriers to consumers’ acceptance of smart grid technology were identified through a literature survey. Data were collected from 221 respondents through a questionnaire survey, and variables were measured on a 5-point Likert scale. EFA was used for data validation and extraction of the hidden construct. Six hidden constructs were identified, and a “hierarchical model” was developed by applying the Fuzzy-TISM methodology. The result highlights that barriers like lack of government policies and lack of public resources and monetary benefits are prominent factors that affect consumers’ involvement in the successful implementation of smart grid technology.
印度能源部门面临的几个挑战促使人们采用先进技术,使电网更加有效、可持续和安全。在这种背景下,本研究提出了一个分层模型,其中确定了印度消费者接受智能电网的障碍。通过一项文献调查,确定了消费者接受智能电网技术的17个障碍。数据通过问卷调查从221名受访者中收集,变量采用5分Likert量表进行测量。EFA用于数据验证和隐藏结构的提取。识别了六个隐藏的结构,并应用模糊TISM方法开发了一个“层次模型”。研究结果强调,缺乏政府政策、缺乏公共资源和货币利益等障碍是影响消费者参与智能电网技术成功实施的突出因素。
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引用次数: 0
Design of Renewable Energy Consumption Scheduling Model Based on Quantitative Feedback Theory 基于定量反馈理论的可再生能源消耗调度模型设计
Q3 Environmental Science Pub Date : 2022-12-29 DOI: 10.13052/spee1048-5236.4214
Hongyan Wang, Zihong Zhang, Ning Gao
In the renewable energy consumption scheduling, due to the large fluctuation of wind power output, the renewable energy consumption rate is low, and the energy consumption scheduling effect is poor. Therefore, a new renewable energy consumption scheduling model based on quantitative feedback theory is designed. For the first time, calculate the output response of wind power generation, obtain the output change rate of the wind farm at the time scale, and determine the response curve of wind power generation according to the power generation process is divided into three stages: the initial stage, the peak stage and the end stage, and the response output during the peak period, so as to obtain the transfer rate of output during the peak period. Build a mathematical model of renewable energy power generation, calculate the output state of wind power generation, and analyze the output characteristics of renewable energy storage system; Secondly, the objective weight coefficient of renewable energy consumption is determined by using quantitative feedback theory, the objective function of renewable energy consumption is constructed, the power injected by parameter nodes is determined, the quantitative feedback controller is designed by using loop shaping technology, the control structure of two degrees of freedom is determined, the objective function of renewable energy consumption is constructed, and the constraint range of renewable energy consumption capacity is determined according to static constraints such as current constraints and voltage constraints; Then, the quantitative feedback theoretical controller is designed, the input and output transfer functions of the consumption system are determined, and the renewable energy consumption scheduling model is constructed. The renewable energy consumption scheduling model is solved by particle swarm optimization through a variety of index parameters in the renewable energy consumption determined by the QFT controller. The experimental results show that the proposed model can effectively improve the renewable energy consumption rate and optimize the consumption scheduling effect.
在可再生能源消耗调度中,由于风电出力波动较大,可再生能源消耗率较低,能耗调度效果较差。因此,设计了一种新的基于定量反馈理论的可再生能源消耗调度模型。首次计算风力发电的输出响应,获得风电场在时间尺度上的输出变化率,并根据发电过程分为三个阶段确定风力发电的响应曲线:初期、高峰期和末期,以及高峰期的响应输出,从而获得峰值时段期间的输出的传输速率。建立可再生能源发电的数学模型,计算风力发电的输出状态,分析可再生能源存储系统的输出特性;其次,利用定量反馈理论确定可再生能源消耗的目标权重系数,构建可再生能源消耗目标函数,确定参数节点注入的功率,利用环路成形技术设计定量反馈控制器,确定两个自由度的控制结构,构建了可再生能源消耗的目标函数,根据电流约束、电压约束等静态约束确定了可再生能源消费能力的约束范围;然后,设计了定量反馈理论控制器,确定了消耗系统的输入和输出传递函数,构建了可再生能源消耗调度模型。通过QFT控制器确定的可再生能源消耗中的各种指标参数,通过粒子群优化求解可再生能源消耗调度模型。实验结果表明,该模型能够有效地提高可再生能源的消耗率,优化消耗调度效果。
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引用次数: 0
Modelling a Sustainable Smart City Based on Human and User Centred Design 基于以人为本和用户为中心设计的可持续智能城市建模
Q3 Environmental Science Pub Date : 2022-12-29 DOI: 10.13052/spee1048-5236.4218
Guoan Wei
A smart, sustainable city that employs ICTs (information and communication technologies) improves urban businesses and services’ quality of life, productivity, and competitiveness. A sustainable smart city’s significant challenges are legislation and regulations, financing, technical and infrastructural dimensions. While at the same time providing for the economic, social, environmentally, and cultural needs of the present and future generations. Continuous population and urban development have stepped up creative ways of tackling urbanization, with limited implications supporting smart cities’ environments. This cram aimed to build a user-centred design using a sustainable big data analytics assisted optimization framework (SBDAAO) to step up creative ways of tackling urbanization with limited environmental implications. This research represents a first move to provide perspectives and value in creating intelligent cities to instil sustainability. Simulation analysis has been carried out based on the data collected based on city infrastructure. The experimental results have been executed, and the suggested method achieves an accuracy ratio (98.2%), the efficiency ratio (95.5%), energy consumption (20.1%), average communication delay (17.6%), and renewable power (93.9 %).
一个使用ICT(信息和通信技术)的智能、可持续城市可以提高城市企业和服务的生活质量、生产力和竞争力。可持续智慧城市面临的重大挑战包括立法和法规、融资、技术和基础设施方面。同时满足今世后代的经济、社会、环境和文化需求。持续的人口和城市发展加快了应对城市化的创造性方法,对智能城市环境的支持作用有限。该补习班旨在使用可持续的大数据分析辅助优化框架(SBDAAO)建立一个以用户为中心的设计,以加强应对环境影响有限的城市化的创造性方法。这项研究代表着为创建智能城市以灌输可持续性提供视角和价值的第一步。基于基于城市基础设施收集的数据进行了仿真分析。实验结果表明,该方法的准确率为98.2%,效率为95.5%,能耗为20.1%,平均通信时延为17.6%,可再生能源为93.9%。
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引用次数: 0
Laboratory Evaluation of CO2 Flooding: A Strategic Technology for Sustainable Development of Oil Companies 二氧化碳驱油的实验室评价:石油公司可持续发展的战略技术
Q3 Environmental Science Pub Date : 2022-12-28 DOI: 10.13052/spee1048-5236.4212
Hao Kang, Jian Gao, Gang Hui
With the development of humankind, energy demand and climate change have both faced with serious situations now. In order to find new technologies for solving these problems, long core displacement experiment concerning CO2 flooding is conducted with 11 different core samples from N formation in M oilfield. Results show that oil production rate will be greatly improved and the oil recovery can reach nearly 25% by the CO2 huff and puff process using 3 rounds which is much higher than the real recovery factor in M oilfield. Considering the enhanced oil recovery and carbon storage effects generated by this technique at the same time, CO2 flooding is definitely a promising technique with great potential both for sustainable development of oil companies and humankind. For large scale field application, it is suggested that oil companies and governments should provide corresponding support policy concerning further study of this technology. Particularly, further studies should focus on the application of CO2 flooding with other EOR technologies, optimal CO2 injection mode, optimal CO2 injection rate, optimal CO2 injection pressure and so on.
随着人类的发展,能源需求和气候变化都面临着严峻的形势。为了寻找解决这些问题的新技术,对M油田N组11个不同岩心样品进行了CO2驱长岩心驱替实验。结果表明,在M油田,采用3轮CO2吞吐工艺将大大提高采油率,采油率可达到近25%,远高于实际采收率。考虑到该技术同时产生的提高石油采收率和碳储存效果,CO2驱油无疑是一种很有前途的技术,对石油公司和人类的可持续发展都具有巨大潜力。对于大规模的现场应用,建议石油公司和政府对该技术的进一步研究提供相应的支持政策。特别是,进一步的研究应该集中在CO2驱与其他EOR技术的应用、最佳CO2注入模式、最佳CO2注射速率、最佳CO2喷射压力等方面。
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引用次数: 0
Technical Convergence and the Adaptive Resilience of Regional Economies 技术趋同与区域经济的适应能力
Q3 Environmental Science Pub Date : 2022-12-28 DOI: 10.13052/spee1048-5236.42111
Luoyi Jia
This article investigates the impact of various regional technical profiles on local economies’ resistance to external shocks. It uses panel assessments of level information from 2015 to 2020 to conduct an empirical investigation of the causes of resilience. It begins by developing a calculable broad balance prototype that integrates key features of financing and the time-path of the financial system. Using a dynamic, calculable broad balance prototype recuperates with and without vibrant business adaptability. An adaptive resilience of the regional economic model (ARREM) is suggested in this paper. That integrates key features of financing and vestiges the economic growth time-path as it recuperates with and without vibrant economic adaptability. The findings show that areas with technically integrated – rather than just diverse – knowledge sets are better suited to weather adversity and exhibit adaptive resiliency. Furthermore, even while businesses’ net entrance doesn’t contribute considerably to durability, the domestic economy is more flexible if they develop in industries with the best development prospects. The iterative simulation results of the ARREM are examined in terms of correlation and regression. An increase in the number of iterations is made from a lower level to a higher level by 10 iterations. Because of this, the proposed ARREM’s simulation results improve with increasing iteration size.
本文研究了不同区域技术概况对地方经济抵御外部冲击的影响。它使用2015年至2020年水平信息的小组评估,对韧性的原因进行实证调查。它首先开发了一个可计算的广义余额原型,该原型集成了融资的关键特征和金融系统的时间路径。使用一个动态的、可计算的宽平衡原型,可以恢复和不恢复充满活力的业务适应性。本文提出了一种区域经济模型的自适应弹性。这整合了融资的关键特征,并在有或没有充满活力的经济适应性的情况下恢复经济增长的时间路径。研究结果表明,具有技术集成(而不仅仅是多样化)知识集的领域更适合抵御逆境,并表现出适应性。此外,即使企业的净进入对持久性没有太大贡献,但如果它们在发展前景最好的行业发展,国内经济就会更加灵活。从相关性和回归的角度对ARREM的迭代模拟结果进行了检验。迭代次数从较低级别增加到较高级别10次迭代。正因为如此,所提出的ARREM的模拟结果随着迭代大小的增加而改进。
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引用次数: 0
Environment Pollution Analysis on Smart Cities Using Wireless Sensor Networks 基于无线传感器网络的智慧城市环境污染分析
Q3 Environmental Science Pub Date : 2022-12-28 DOI: 10.13052/spee1048-5236.42112
Qing Zhang
One of the numerous independent sensing devices in this sector, WSNs can monitor physical and environmental parameters and thousands of applications in other disciplines. A large environmental change has numerous harmful repercussions on human beings, such as air pollution. Using a cloud that communicates through wireless sensor networks (WSNs), environmental factors such as pollution can be monitored with greater precision. If cities are considered smart, they will have to address air pollution, a significant environmental problem in cities. It negatively impacts human health, discouraging individuals from relocating to cities, resulting in a lack of economic development. This means that WSN nodes could monitor the pollution levels in and around the city and along major thoroughfares. In this paper, wireless sensor network-based environmental pollution analysis (WSN-EPA) has been suggested to reduce air pollution in a smart city. WSN nodes have been installed to continuously monitor the city’s air quality levels and the movement of public transit vehicles. Passenger vehicles and public transit buses return to their original locations after passing through stationary nodes across the city with data on air pollution particles, such as gases, smoke, and other pollutants, collected by sensors onboard. Nodes on public transportation, buildings, and automobiles wirelessly gather data from stationary nodes. Once the nodes returned to the pollution monitoring system, the data would be processed. The findings show that the suggested system is a visually effective environmental monitoring system.
作为该领域众多独立的传感设备之一,wsn可以监测物理和环境参数,并在其他学科中应用数千种。巨大的环境变化对人类有许多有害的影响,例如空气污染。使用通过无线传感器网络(wsn)进行通信的云,可以更精确地监测污染等环境因素。如果城市被认为是聪明的,它们就必须解决空气污染问题,这是城市中一个重要的环境问题。它对人类健康产生负面影响,使个人不愿迁往城市,导致经济发展不足。这意味着WSN节点可以监测城市内外以及主要道路沿线的污染水平。本文提出了基于无线传感器网络的环境污染分析(WSN-EPA),以减少智慧城市的空气污染。已经安装了WSN节点,以持续监测城市的空气质量水平和公共交通车辆的运动。乘用车和公共交通巴士通过城市的固定节点后,会返回到原来的位置,车上的传感器会收集到空气污染颗粒的数据,比如气体、烟雾和其他污染物。公共交通、建筑物和汽车上的节点以无线方式从固定节点收集数据。一旦节点返回污染监测系统,数据将被处理。结果表明,该系统是一种视觉效果良好的环境监测系统。
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引用次数: 5
Air Quality Prediction Based on Wavelet Analysis and Machine Learning 基于小波分析和机器学习的空气质量预测
Q3 Environmental Science Pub Date : 2022-12-28 DOI: 10.13052/spee1048-5236.4217
J. Duan, Qiang Ren
This thesis takes the historical weather time series of Chongqing as experimental samples. Firstly, this thesis uses wavelet transform to organize the data, and then divides the sample data into training and test sets to verify the accuracy of the evaluation of the Naive Bayes Model. Secondly, the Naive Bayes Model is compared with currently used machine learning models such as SVM, XGBoost, bagging, and random forest. Finally, the results show that the Naive Bayes Model has high stability and accuracy for the air quality assessment of Chongqing, and it can be applied to the evaluation of urban ambient air quality.
本文以重庆市历史天气时间序列为实验样本。本文首先利用小波变换对数据进行整理,然后将样本数据分为训练集和测试集,验证朴素贝叶斯模型评价的准确性。其次,将朴素贝叶斯模型与目前使用的SVM、XGBoost、bagging、random forest等机器学习模型进行比较。结果表明,朴素贝叶斯模型对重庆市空气质量评价具有较高的稳定性和准确性,可应用于城市环境空气质量评价。
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引用次数: 2
期刊
Strategic Planning for Energy and the Environment
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