Pub Date : 2020-07-09DOI: 10.37040/geografie2020125030319
Marián Halás, P. Klapka
Heterogeneity and continuity are two basic traits of geographic space that are also responsible for the problem of spatial uncertainty. In the existing research, heterogeneity and continuity have predominantly been discussed in relation to an analysis of scalar spatial information, i.e. information linked to a single place or a single region. This paper presents a possibility to express the heterogeneity and continuity of geographical space by vector information using methods of functional regional taxonomy. The first objective is to define functional regions in Slovakia based on daily travel-to-work flows (i.e. “crisp” expressions of heterogeneity of space sensu fuzzy set theory). Added value rests in the analyses and cartographic expressions of relative self-containments for resulting functional regions and an orientation of interregional commuting flows. The second objective is to express continuity of space symbolically through an analysis of uncertainty in the resulting system of functional regions.
{"title":"Heterogeneity and continuity of geographical space: an example of functional regions in Slovakia","authors":"Marián Halás, P. Klapka","doi":"10.37040/geografie2020125030319","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37040/geografie2020125030319","url":null,"abstract":"Heterogeneity and continuity are two basic traits of geographic space that are also responsible for the problem of spatial uncertainty. In the existing research, heterogeneity and continuity have predominantly been discussed in relation to an analysis of scalar spatial information, i.e. information linked to a single place or a single region. This paper presents a possibility to express the heterogeneity and continuity of geographical space by vector information using methods of functional regional taxonomy. The first objective is to define functional regions in Slovakia based on daily travel-to-work flows (i.e. “crisp” expressions of heterogeneity of space sensu fuzzy set theory). Added value rests in the analyses and cartographic expressions of relative self-containments for resulting functional regions and an orientation of interregional commuting flows. The second objective is to express continuity of space symbolically through an analysis of uncertainty in the resulting system of functional regions.","PeriodicalId":35714,"journal":{"name":"Geografie-Sbornik CGS","volume":"76 6","pages":"319-342"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72394133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-09DOI: 10.37040/geografie2020125020139
K. Hulíková Tesárková
The COVID-19 Pandemic has become an object of many studies and research papers Although knowledge of the demographic features of the illness could be important for targeting the prevention, or treatment and evaluation, of the situation, demographic research was rather limited in the initial phases of the pandemic This paper aims to present the basic demographic aspects of the illness (age-specific and crude rates) and to estimate the effects of age-specific rates and age structures on the overall, generally used measures For this analysis, Italy, Spain, Germany, and South Korea were selected The most important differences among these countries were traced based on the age-specific measures and age structures The demographic method of decomposition was used for the most crucial part of the analysis It was proven that the level of incidence (particularly at higher ages) is noticeably significant regarding the observed differences The effects of population age structure and the level of fatality are somewhat weaker
{"title":"Demographic aspects of the COVID-19 pandemic in Italy, Spain, Germany, and South Korea","authors":"K. Hulíková Tesárková","doi":"10.37040/geografie2020125020139","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37040/geografie2020125020139","url":null,"abstract":"The COVID-19 Pandemic has become an object of many studies and research papers Although knowledge of the demographic features of the illness could be important for targeting the prevention, or treatment and evaluation, of the situation, demographic research was rather limited in the initial phases of the pandemic This paper aims to present the basic demographic aspects of the illness (age-specific and crude rates) and to estimate the effects of age-specific rates and age structures on the overall, generally used measures For this analysis, Italy, Spain, Germany, and South Korea were selected The most important differences among these countries were traced based on the age-specific measures and age structures The demographic method of decomposition was used for the most crucial part of the analysis It was proven that the level of incidence (particularly at higher ages) is noticeably significant regarding the observed differences The effects of population age structure and the level of fatality are somewhat weaker","PeriodicalId":35714,"journal":{"name":"Geografie-Sbornik CGS","volume":"21 1","pages":"139-170"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80828820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-09DOI: 10.37040/geografie2020125020211
M. Borowska-Stefańska, M. Kowalski, S. Wiśniewski
This article has two major goals – a methodological and a research one. The former is the development of a method enabling the prediction of the load of the road network, while the latter focuses on determining the influence commuting has on the load of the road network and changes in travel time within the Łódź Voivodeship. For the purposes of this study proprietary we used software based on a greedy algorithm. The applied method in combination with the proprietary software returns good results when directions of traffic flows are under scrutiny. The assumptions made herein do simplify reality, a simplification which stems from the quality of the available data and the calculating capacity of computers. On the other hand, the research goal has only been partially reached with regard to the method applied in the article.
{"title":"Changes in travel time and the load of road network, depending on the diversification of working hours: case study the Łódź Voivodeship, Poland","authors":"M. Borowska-Stefańska, M. Kowalski, S. Wiśniewski","doi":"10.37040/geografie2020125020211","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37040/geografie2020125020211","url":null,"abstract":"This article has two major goals – a methodological and a research one. The former is the development of a method enabling the prediction of the load of the road network, while the latter focuses on determining the influence commuting has on the load of the road network and changes in travel time within the Łódź Voivodeship. For the purposes of this study proprietary we used software based on a greedy algorithm. The applied method in combination with the proprietary software returns good results when directions of traffic flows are under scrutiny. The assumptions made herein do simplify reality, a simplification which stems from the quality of the available data and the calculating capacity of computers. On the other hand, the research goal has only been partially reached with regard to the method applied in the article.","PeriodicalId":35714,"journal":{"name":"Geografie-Sbornik CGS","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83448650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-09DOI: 10.37040/geografie2020125020171
V. Pászto, J. Burian, K. Macků
Due to the current situation, and preventive measures taken to tackle COVID-19, it is crucial to keep society well-informed Besides media and official news, that often include tabular data, it has also become a new standard for information sources to incorporate a map application or geovisualization This paper offers a comprehensive and systematic overview describing the most prominent and useful map applications and map visualizations News outlets should place the same importance on data analysis and interpretation as they place on data visualization This paper emphasizes the role of geospatial data and analysis during the COVID-19 pandemic and aims to provide insights into the topic in order to better understand the consequences caused by the disease Specifically, the paper deals with the COVID-19 Community Mobility Reports dataset, offering unique information about changes in human activity due to the pandemic We show how this dataset can be utilized in terms of geovisual analytics and clustering in order to reveal the spatial pattern of such changes in human behavior
{"title":"COVID-19 data sources: evaluation of map applications and analysis of behavior changes in Europe’s population","authors":"V. Pászto, J. Burian, K. Macků","doi":"10.37040/geografie2020125020171","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37040/geografie2020125020171","url":null,"abstract":"Due to the current situation, and preventive measures taken to tackle COVID-19, it is crucial to keep society well-informed Besides media and official news, that often include tabular data, it has also become a new standard for information sources to incorporate a map application or geovisualization This paper offers a comprehensive and systematic overview describing the most prominent and useful map applications and map visualizations News outlets should place the same importance on data analysis and interpretation as they place on data visualization This paper emphasizes the role of geospatial data and analysis during the COVID-19 pandemic and aims to provide insights into the topic in order to better understand the consequences caused by the disease Specifically, the paper deals with the COVID-19 Community Mobility Reports dataset, offering unique information about changes in human activity due to the pandemic We show how this dataset can be utilized in terms of geovisual analytics and clustering in order to reveal the spatial pattern of such changes in human behavior","PeriodicalId":35714,"journal":{"name":"Geografie-Sbornik CGS","volume":"20 1","pages":"171-209"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79501132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-03-30DOI: 10.37040/GEOGRAFIE2020125010093
D. Čermák, Renáta Mikešová
The aim of this manuscript is to analyze notions of democracy among Czech mayors. Czechia is dotted with municipalities of various sizes, each with its own mayor, each of whom has a vision of how democracy at the local level should be practiced. Our focus here is on two types of democracies that are seen as alternatives: participatory democracy and representative democracy. For the analyses, two mutually interleaved data sources concerning the Czech mayors were employed: Political Leaders in European Cities (2015) and European Mayor II (2016). Based on an analysis of mayors’ attitudes towards local democracy, our findings suggest that municipal size is an important predictor of local democracy in Czechia - although an association of these attitudes with the mayor’s partisanship and age was found as well. The data also shows a relatively strong connection between attitudes towards local democracy and the mayors’ support for reform at the local level, including the instruments of direct democracy.
{"title":"Notions of local democracy among Czech mayors","authors":"D. Čermák, Renáta Mikešová","doi":"10.37040/GEOGRAFIE2020125010093","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37040/GEOGRAFIE2020125010093","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this manuscript is to analyze notions of democracy among Czech mayors. Czechia is dotted with municipalities of various sizes, each with its own mayor, each of whom has a vision of how democracy at the local level should be practiced. Our focus here is on two types of democracies that are seen as alternatives: participatory democracy and representative democracy. For the analyses, two mutually interleaved data sources concerning the Czech mayors were employed: Political Leaders in European Cities (2015) and European Mayor II (2016). Based on an analysis of mayors’ attitudes towards local democracy, our findings suggest that municipal size is an important predictor of local democracy in Czechia - although an association of these attitudes with the mayor’s partisanship and age was found as well. The data also shows a relatively strong connection between attitudes towards local democracy and the mayors’ support for reform at the local level, including the instruments of direct democracy.","PeriodicalId":35714,"journal":{"name":"Geografie-Sbornik CGS","volume":"1 1","pages":"93-116"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90238433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-03-30DOI: 10.37040/geografie2020125010047
Petro Marek
Both the institutionalization of regions theory and the conceptualization of regional identity by Anssi Paasi are highly cited. However, various authors work with Paasi’s classification of regional identity and meanings of its dimensions differently. This is closely related to an insufficient discussion of the existence of region as a social fact. This article discusses social constructionism and the relationship of individual dimensions of regional identity. Crucial to the existence of region are the subjective images of region that can be identified with perceptual regions. Region as a social fact exists only in the knowledge/consciousness of people. In addition to perceptual regions, “objective” regions – homogeneous/formal and functional regions – are part of the identity of region. The identity of region (perceptual regions, specifically) is a condition for the regional consciousness of people which is a mere “superstructure” of region.
{"title":"Region as a social construct and the critical discussion of the Paasi’s conceptualization of regional identity","authors":"Petro Marek","doi":"10.37040/geografie2020125010047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37040/geografie2020125010047","url":null,"abstract":"Both the institutionalization of regions theory and the conceptualization of regional identity by Anssi Paasi are highly cited. However, various authors work with Paasi’s classification of regional identity and meanings of its dimensions differently. This is closely related to an insufficient discussion of the existence of region as a social fact. This article discusses social constructionism and the relationship of individual dimensions of regional identity. Crucial to the existence of region are the subjective images of region that can be identified with perceptual regions. Region as a social fact exists only in the knowledge/consciousness of people. In addition to perceptual regions, “objective” regions – homogeneous/formal and functional regions – are part of the identity of region. The identity of region (perceptual regions, specifically) is a condition for the regional consciousness of people which is a mere “superstructure” of region.","PeriodicalId":35714,"journal":{"name":"Geografie-Sbornik CGS","volume":"25 1","pages":"47-68"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81891238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-03-30DOI: 10.37040/geografie2020125010001
D. Dzúrová, J. Jarolímek
The global health threat of the novel coronavirus virus SARS-CoV-2 has been the most severe virus since the (A) H1N1 influenza pandemic of 1918-1920 The aim of this paper is to document the spread of the COVID-19 epidemic, on the basis of daily WHO and Chinese CDC data, from the time of the first recorded outbreak of the epidemic Furthermore, the aim of the paper, based on knowledge of the epidemic cycle in the province of Hubei, is to attempt to simulate the future development of the epidemic in the Czech population According to the optimistic prediction model, it is expected that the epidemic peak could occur in Czechia in mid-April with a daily number of 700-750 new cases The total number of people with confirmed disease could reach roughly 20,000 (20% of people may experience serious health complications) The conclusion of the article points to the need for Czechia to build its own infrastructure to cover the needs of the state - especially in the areas of preparedness of medical facilities, medical staff, and the availability of protective equipment and medicines
{"title":"COVID-19 pandemic spread across geographical and social borders: Can we face it?","authors":"D. Dzúrová, J. Jarolímek","doi":"10.37040/geografie2020125010001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37040/geografie2020125010001","url":null,"abstract":"The global health threat of the novel coronavirus virus SARS-CoV-2 has been the most severe virus since the (A) H1N1 influenza pandemic of 1918-1920 The aim of this paper is to document the spread of the COVID-19 epidemic, on the basis of daily WHO and Chinese CDC data, from the time of the first recorded outbreak of the epidemic Furthermore, the aim of the paper, based on knowledge of the epidemic cycle in the province of Hubei, is to attempt to simulate the future development of the epidemic in the Czech population According to the optimistic prediction model, it is expected that the epidemic peak could occur in Czechia in mid-April with a daily number of 700-750 new cases The total number of people with confirmed disease could reach roughly 20,000 (20% of people may experience serious health complications) The conclusion of the article points to the need for Czechia to build its own infrastructure to cover the needs of the state - especially in the areas of preparedness of medical facilities, medical staff, and the availability of protective equipment and medicines","PeriodicalId":35714,"journal":{"name":"Geografie-Sbornik CGS","volume":"29 1","pages":"1-20"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81214351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-03-30DOI: 10.37040/geografie2020125010069
J. Hrabák, L. Zagata
Available studies show that organic agriculture is mainly concentrated in mountain and upland areas of Czechia. However, more detailed information about the gist of the differentiation process is missing. The main goal of this paper is to evaluate the development and regional differentiation of organic agriculture in Czechia. On this basis we will describe the diffusion process in the organic sector and discuss the relation between natural conditions and the localization of organic farming. The differentiation processes are quantitatively analyzed with the use of the secondary data on several spatial levels (regions – districts – land blocks) and visualized by cartograms. The findings of the study suggest that organic agriculture has been concentrated mainly in peripheral areas with less favorable conditions for agriculture that are typical of relatively high altitude and field slopes. The study confirms that most farms in these regions have already been converted to organic agriculture and further potential to grow remains in areas with fertile land through the conversion of arable land that is farmed conventionally.
{"title":"Development and regional differentiation of organic agriculture in Czechia","authors":"J. Hrabák, L. Zagata","doi":"10.37040/geografie2020125010069","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37040/geografie2020125010069","url":null,"abstract":"Available studies show that organic agriculture is mainly concentrated in mountain and upland areas of Czechia. However, more detailed information about the gist of the differentiation process is missing. The main goal of this paper is to evaluate the development and regional differentiation of organic agriculture in Czechia. On this basis we will describe the diffusion process in the organic sector and discuss the relation between natural conditions and the localization of organic farming. The differentiation processes are quantitatively analyzed with the use of the secondary data on several spatial levels (regions – districts – land blocks) and visualized by cartograms. The findings of the study suggest that organic agriculture has been concentrated mainly in peripheral areas with less favorable conditions for agriculture that are typical of relatively high altitude and field slopes. The study confirms that most farms in these regions have already been converted to organic agriculture and further potential to grow remains in areas with fertile land through the conversion of arable land that is farmed conventionally.","PeriodicalId":35714,"journal":{"name":"Geografie-Sbornik CGS","volume":"12 1","pages":"69-92"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73349313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.37040/geografie2020125030343
Martin Šimon, I. Křížková, A. Klsák
This article contributes to the discussion of the segregation of immigrants by presenting evidence from a new destination country of international migration. It explores residential patterns of immigrants, defined by citizenship, and their development in selected large Czech cities. The analysis is focused on six main immigrant groups. New register data provided by Alien Police of the Czech Republic are utilized for the computation of geospatial grid data. The changes in population distribution are measured by the dissimilarity index, which is commonly used in segregation research. The main result indicates a major trend of decreasing spatial dissimilarity between the Czech majority and immigrant groups. The steady and slow inflow of immigrants does not lead to distinct patterns of segregation in the country – with a few specific exceptions.
{"title":"Immigrants in large Czech cities 2008–2015: the analysis of changing residential patterns using population grid data","authors":"Martin Šimon, I. Křížková, A. Klsák","doi":"10.37040/geografie2020125030343","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37040/geografie2020125030343","url":null,"abstract":"This article contributes to the discussion of the segregation of immigrants by presenting evidence from a new destination country of international migration. It explores residential patterns of immigrants, defined by citizenship, and their development in selected large Czech cities. The analysis is focused on six main immigrant groups. New register data provided by Alien Police of the Czech Republic are utilized for the computation of geospatial grid data. The changes in population distribution are measured by the dissimilarity index, which is commonly used in segregation research. The main result indicates a major trend of decreasing spatial dissimilarity between the Czech majority and immigrant groups. The steady and slow inflow of immigrants does not lead to distinct patterns of segregation in the country – with a few specific exceptions.","PeriodicalId":35714,"journal":{"name":"Geografie-Sbornik CGS","volume":"33 1","pages":"343-374"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89316815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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