{"title":"Rynek surowców żelaza i stali w początkach XXI wieku","authors":"A. Paulo, M. Krzak","doi":"10.7306/2022.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7306/2022.8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":35787,"journal":{"name":"Przeglad Geologiczny","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71111756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Iron and steel complementary raw materials market at of the 21 st century. Prz. Geol., 70: 172–179; A b s t r a c t. The equipment and processes of steel production require the use of a variety of raw materials, of which only the two most abundant groups are discussed herein: reducers and alloying additives. In the 20 th century, the basic reducer was coke, initially produced in inde-pendent coking plants to serve many purposes. Its properties were not optimized for blast furnace processes. Currently, metallurgy uses about 80% of the coke produced, i.e. over 500 million tonnes per year, and coking plants have been integrated with iron and steel mills for several decades. The coke market is disappearing in favour of metallurgical coal, the chemical and physical parameters of which have been standardized. In view of the strict quality require-ments and intensive use, the resources of metallurgical coal will be exhausted relatively quickly, and many smelters are already replacing coking coal with cheaper and more abundant gas-coking coal and ultra-pure hard coal dust. On a global scale, in 2015, coke accounted for 2/3 of the mass of reducing agents in the charge, and non-coked forms of coal – the remainder.
{"title":"Rynek surowców komplementarnych żelaza i stali na początku XXI wieku","authors":"A. Paulo, M. Krzak","doi":"10.7306/2022.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7306/2022.9","url":null,"abstract":"Iron and steel complementary raw materials market at of the 21 st century. Prz. Geol., 70: 172–179; A b s t r a c t. The equipment and processes of steel production require the use of a variety of raw materials, of which only the two most abundant groups are discussed herein: reducers and alloying additives. In the 20 th century, the basic reducer was coke, initially produced in inde-pendent coking plants to serve many purposes. Its properties were not optimized for blast furnace processes. Currently, metallurgy uses about 80% of the coke produced, i.e. over 500 million tonnes per year, and coking plants have been integrated with iron and steel mills for several decades. The coke market is disappearing in favour of metallurgical coal, the chemical and physical parameters of which have been standardized. In view of the strict quality require-ments and intensive use, the resources of metallurgical coal will be exhausted relatively quickly, and many smelters are already replacing coking coal with cheaper and more abundant gas-coking coal and ultra-pure hard coal dust. On a global scale, in 2015, coke accounted for 2/3 of the mass of reducing agents in the charge, and non-coked forms of coal – the remainder.","PeriodicalId":35787,"journal":{"name":"Przeglad Geologiczny","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71112468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Piaskowiec w architekturze Poznania – formy jego deterioracji na przykładzie elewacji budynku Collegium Iuridicum","authors":"Małgorzata Szczepaniak","doi":"10.7306/2022.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7306/2022.7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":35787,"journal":{"name":"Przeglad Geologiczny","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71111693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Kamienie i znaki apotropaiczne w murach romańskich kościołów w Siewierzu i Mokrsku Dolnym","authors":"J. Bromowicz, J. Magiera","doi":"10.7306/2022.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7306/2022.5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":35787,"journal":{"name":"Przeglad Geologiczny","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71111981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Współczesne obszary występowania mołdawitów – wnioski z eksperymentu transportowania ich przez Nysę Łużycką","authors":"Tomasz Brachaniec","doi":"10.7306/2022.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7306/2022.4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":35787,"journal":{"name":"Przeglad Geologiczny","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48051433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Walory geoedukacyjne i geoturystyczne kamieniołomu Zygmuntówka na Czerwonej Górze (G. Świętokrzyskie)","authors":"Karol Jewuła, A. Fijałkowska-Mader, S. Salwa","doi":"10.7306/2022.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7306/2022.1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":35787,"journal":{"name":"Przeglad Geologiczny","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71111014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Uwarunkowania stratygraficzno-środowiskowe występowania nagromadzeń złożowych bursztynu na północnej Lubelszczyźnie","authors":"B. Słodkowska, J. Kasiński, M. Żarski","doi":"10.7306/2022.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7306/2022.3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":35787,"journal":{"name":"Przeglad Geologiczny","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47559113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Górska-Zabielska, D. Wieczorek, R. Zabielski, Andrzej Stoiński
{"title":"Głazy narzutowe z okolic Przedborza jako obiekty geodziedzictwa oraz ich znaczenie w geologii czwartorzędu i geoturystyki","authors":"M. Górska-Zabielska, D. Wieczorek, R. Zabielski, Andrzej Stoiński","doi":"10.7306/2022.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7306/2022.2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":35787,"journal":{"name":"Przeglad Geologiczny","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71111530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Variability of physicochemical parameters of peats in the subsurface zone of the fen in the Struga Wodna valley (Lubartów Pla- teau). Prz. Geol., 69: 867–872: doi: 10.7306/2021.48 A b s t r a c t. The paper presents the results of research on variability of basic physical and chemical parameters of peats from a small fen in the Struga Wodna valley on the Lubartów Plateau. The variability of organic matter content, moisture content, pH and cation exchange capacity (CEC) was analysed. Apart from descriptive statistics, geostatistical methods were also used, including the analysis of semivariograms. All determined parameters showed high variability, including spatial variability. The analysis of the semivariograms showed that for each of the parameters there is a nugget effect, indicating high local variability. The statistically highest varia- bility, expressed by the coefficient of variation, was shown by peat moisture content,while the moisture content showed the highest spatial autocorrelation. The use of geostatistical methods allowed identifying zones with different properties within the fen, and descri-bing the spatial autocorrelation of individual parameters.
{"title":"Zmienność parametrów fizykochemicznych torfów w strefie przypowierzchniowej torfowiska w dolinie Strugi Wodnej (Wysoczyzna Lubartowska)","authors":"P. Rydelek","doi":"10.7306/2021.48","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7306/2021.48","url":null,"abstract":"Variability of physicochemical parameters of peats in the subsurface zone of the fen in the Struga Wodna valley (Lubartów Pla- teau). Prz. Geol., 69: 867–872: doi: 10.7306/2021.48 A b s t r a c t. The paper presents the results of research on variability of basic physical and chemical parameters of peats from a small fen in the Struga Wodna valley on the Lubartów Plateau. The variability of organic matter content, moisture content, pH and cation exchange capacity (CEC) was analysed. Apart from descriptive statistics, geostatistical methods were also used, including the analysis of semivariograms. All determined parameters showed high variability, including spatial variability. The analysis of the semivariograms showed that for each of the parameters there is a nugget effect, indicating high local variability. The statistically highest varia- bility, expressed by the coefficient of variation, was shown by peat moisture content,while the moisture content showed the highest spatial autocorrelation. The use of geostatistical methods allowed identifying zones with different properties within the fen, and descri-bing the spatial autocorrelation of individual parameters.","PeriodicalId":35787,"journal":{"name":"Przeglad Geologiczny","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71110751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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