Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice最新文献

Aim: To evaluate the efficacy of ridge splitting through the split crest method incorporating 1% metformin (MF) and platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) in comparison to the split crest technique (SCT) utilizing PRF alone.

Materials and methods: A total of 24 patients were recruited and randomly assigned to three distinct groups. Group I consisted of patients who underwent the SCT with implant placement alone. Group II included patients who received SCT with both implant placement and PRF, while group III comprised patients who experienced SCT with implant placement supplemented by a 1% MF gel combined with PRF. Clinical parameters, such as implant stability and crestal bone width, were measured for each implant immediately after insertion and again after a period of 6 months.

Results: The combination of MF and the PRF group exhibited the lowest level of crestal bone loss (CBL) relative to the other two groups. There was a notable increase in implant stability in both the control group and the study group (PRF + MF). Although there was also an increase in the PRF group, this change was not statistically significant.

Conclusion: This study indicates that, within its limitations, the concurrent application of 1% MF and PRF in ridge splitting procedures may lead to a reduction in CBL and an enhancement in implant stability.

Clinical significance: The introduction of a novel biomaterial has shown promise in enhancing the predictability of horizontal ridge augmentation procedures. Metformin 1%, a second-generation biguanide primarily utilized for blood glucose regulation, has been documented to promote osteoblast differentiation and proliferation, facilitate new bone formation, and increase type I collagen levels. This study seeks to evaluate the effectiveness of MF 1% in horizontal ridge augmentation procedures, both as a standalone treatment and in conjunction with a well-established PRF material. The findings aim to expand the array of biomaterials available for alveolar ridge augmentation. How to cite this article: El-Destawy MT, AboAmo AAKA, Abdel-Wahab MM, et al. Evaluation of Horizontal Ridge Augmentation Using 1% Metformin Gel and PRF in Split Crest Technique: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial. J Contemp Dent Pract 2025;26(8):759-766.

Aim: To compare the morphology of the maxillary arch in individuals with vestibular vs palatal impacted maxillary canines.

Materials and methods: This comparative cross-sectional study evaluated 100 CT scans of individuals with impacted maxillary canines. Participants were divided into two groups based on the type of impaction: Buccal (n = 50) and palatal (n = 50). Two trained and calibrated investigators assessed the shape of the maxillary arch, as well as the dimensions of the basal and alveolar widths between the first premolar and first molar, and the depth of the palatal vault. Chi-square tests, Student's t-tests, and multiple linear regression analyses were performed (p < 0.05).

Results: A triangular shape was observed more frequently in cases of buccal impaction (48%), while a parabolic shape was predominant in palatal impactions (64%) (p = 0.011). The transverse measurements of basal and alveolar widths between the first premolar and first molar, as well as the depth of the palatal vault, were similar across both groups (p > 0.05). The male gender was associated with an increase in transverse width at the molar level, while age had a slight inverse effect on molar basal width.

Conclusions: The shape of the maxillary arch differs between individuals with buccally vs palatally impacted maxillary canines. Specifically, buccally impacted canines typically present with a triangular arch shape, whereas palatally impacted canines exhibit a parabolic shape. The transverse dimensions of the maxillary arch at both the alveolar and bone levels are generally comparable, with variations primarily influenced by gender and age.

Clinical significance: Maxillary morphology can be affected by the specific conditions of impacted canines. Orthodontists should take this into account when planning their treatments. How to cite this article: Llanos-Chavez T, Lluncor-Leon X, Llaguno-Rubio JM, et al. Maxillary Arch Morphology in Individuals with Buccal vs Palatal-impacted Maxillary Canines: A Comparative Cross-sectional Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2025;26(8):732-737.

Background and aim: A light-curing unit (LCU) is an important factor in restorative dental treatment, and its light intensity output (LIO) must be monitored regularly by using a radiometer. Thus, this cross-sectional study aimed to evaluate and measure the LIO values produced by assessed LCUs using two brands of radiometers, relative to the number of years in dental clinical services, tip condition, and the presence of periodic maintenance.

Materials and methods: Light-curing units were collected from selected dental clinics in the Aseer region, Saudi Arabia. Then, LCU data included clinical dental age (<1 year, between 1 and 3, and >3 years). The nozzle condition was visually checked for contamination, damaged nozzles, and the presence of debris. To record LIO, two brands of digital radiometers, namely, Woodpecker and Ivoclar, were used. In addition, LIO values were categorized into three subgroups, <700, between 700 and 1000, and >1000 mW/cm², and labeled as adequate, sufficient, and both adequate and sufficient LIO, respectively. Each LCU was assessed three times at 1-minute intervals. Descriptive statistics of parameters were assessed and recorded using SPSS. One-way ANOVA, along with dependent and independent t-tests, was used to evaluate significant differences among and between groups, with a significance level set at p < 0.05.

Results: A total of 112 LCUs were surveyed. With regard to tip conditions for either Woodpecker or Ivoclar radiometers across all radiant power categories, no statistically significant differences in LIO values were found. The highest mean difference in LIO values between the two radiometers was recorded in the 700-1000 mW/cm² category. No statistically significant differences in LIO values were found across age-groups for either radiometer (all p-values > 0.05), except for the Ivoclar radiometer in the >1000 mW/cm² category, which showed a significant difference (p < 0.001).

Conclusion: All assessed LCUs provided adequate LIO, with only a slight effect observed due to age. However, their LIO tends to decrease over time, highlighting the need for routine inspection to maintain the required output levels.

Clinical significance: Daily monitoring of the clinical performance of LCU and their LIO will result in proper composite resin restorations and prolonged clinical durability. How to cite this article: Alwadai GS, Abogazalah NN, Alamoudi NA, et al. The Performance of Light-curing Units Used in Different Clinics at Aseer Region, Saudi Arabia: A Cross-sectional Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2025;26(8):784-790.

Aim: The current study's aim was to assess the wear resistance of three commercially available, distinct denture teeth.

Materials and methods: A total of 60 denture teeth were considered. There were 20 corresponding artificial denture teeth in each group: Group I: Vivodent-highly cross-linked PMMA, group II: Finex-UDMA, Inorganic filler, group III: Vita Physiodens-PMMA, inorganic microparticle filler. Steel split molds measuring 6 mm in diameter and 30 mm in length were used to develop acrylic rods. Before wear testing, all teeth were kept in distilled water at 37°C for 24 hours to allow for water absorption. Using a load of 300 grams, wear testing was carried out by repeatedly sliding the contact in the buccolingual direction at 4.5 cycles/s and 20 mm sliding distance each cycle. A digital measuring microscope was used to measure each tooth's height (mm) both before and after the wear test, with an accuracy of 0.001 mm. Data was recorded and statistically analyzed.

Results: At baseline, the mean tooth wear in the Vivodent group was 10.20 ± 0.04, the Finex group was 10.34 ± 0.08, and the Vita Physiodens group was 10.16 ± 0.06. There was no significant difference between the denture teeth groups. After 1,00,000 cycles, the minimal tooth wear was found in Vita Physiodens groups, i.e., 9.68 ± 0.12, followed by Vivodent group (9.36 ± 0.02) and Finex group (9.22 ± 0.10). There was a significant difference obtained between the three denture tooth groups.

Conclusion: In conclusion, the current study found that the Vita Physiodens groups had the least amount of tooth wear, followed by the Vivodent and Finex groups.

Clinical significance: In order to preserve the long-term functioning of artificial teeth in dental prosthesis, wear resistance is one of the characteristics that must be taken into account. The tooth's construction technique, composition, chewing force, and connection to the antagonist tooth can all change this characteristic. In clinical dentistry, wear or degradation of intraoral usable materials is an issue. Tooth wear is still an important problem for those with artificial teeth. How to cite this article: Ramanna PK, Basavaraj GG, Mishra D, et al. Assessment of Wear Resistance of Three Commercially Available Different Denture Teeth: A Comparative Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2025;26(8):791-794.

Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of thermocycling and Saudi coffee staining on the fracture forces and failure types of four computer-aided design and manufacturing (CAD/CAM) ceramic materials.

Materials and methods: Ninety-six specimens were prepared from four CAD/CAM ceramics (n = 24 specimens per material): Vitablocs Mark II (feldspathic), Ceramill Zolid PS (zirconia), Vita Suprinity (zirconia-reinforced lithium silicate), and IPS e.max CAD (lithium disilicate). For each material, specimens were allocated equally into two subgroups (n = 12) according to thermocycling exposure: with thermocycling (n = 12) and without thermocycling (n = 12). All specimens underwent 2-month Saudi coffee immersion; thermocycled subgroups were subsequently subjected to 15,000 cycles between 5°C and 55°C. Fracture strength (N) was measured using a universal testing machine, and failure types were classified under a stereomicroscope. Statistical analysis used Shapiro-Wilk, Mann-Whitney, Kruskal-Wallis, and Fisher's exact tests (p < 0.05).

Results: Zirconia exhibited the highest fracture forces in both conditions (768.06 N with thermocycling; 766.53 N without thermocycling), whereas Vitablocs Mark II showed the lowest (331.69 N with thermocycling; 341.28 N without). No significant differences between both conditions were observed for any ceramic type (all p > 0.05). For failure types, significant differences were detected among ceramic types in both conditions (p < 0.001). Reparable failure (type I) dominated in zirconia (66.7-75.0%) and IPS e.max CAD (50.0%), and nonreparable failure (type III) was prevalent in Vita Suprinity (33.3%-41.7%) and Vitablocs Mark II (41.7%-50.0%). No thermocycling-related differences in failure type were found (p > 0.05).

Conclusion: Thermocycling had no significant effect on fracture forces or failure types for any of the ceramic types, suggesting that thermal aging does not substantially alter their mechanical performance.

Clinical significance: Clinicians should consider patients' coffee consumption habits when selecting ceramic materials for dental restorations. Given the daily fluctuations in oral temperature, CAD/CAM materials must possess high fracture strength to ensure their resistance to forces encountered during daily oral functions, contributing to the long-term clinical success of dental prostheses. How to cite this article: ALhendi KD, Impact of Thermocycling on the Fracture Strength and Failure Type of Different CAD/CAM Ceramics after Saudi Coffee Staining. J Contemp Dent Pract 2025;26(8):752-758.

Aim: The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of feather-edge finish line and deep chamfer finish line on gingival position and marginal adaptation.

Methods: Thirty patients requiring restoration of a posterior tooth received zirconia crowns (BruxZir shaded 200). Fifteen patients received subgingival featheredge finish line preparations (intervention group), and the other 15 patients received subgingival deep chamfer finish line preparations (comparator group). CAD/CAM milled zirconia crowns were cemented with resin cement. Position of crown margin (gingival recession) and marginal adaptation measurements were taken at baseline, 6 months, and 1 year. Results were tabulated, and statistical analysis was performed.

Results: The results of gingival recession and marginal adaptation showed no significant difference between featheredge and deep chamfer designs at baseline, 6 months, and 1 year.

Conclusions: Monolithic zirconia crowns with subgingival restorative margin designs can be used with deep chamfer and featheredge margin designs, as both designs showed clinically acceptable results regarding gingival recession and marginal adaptation. Both margin designs behaved similarly after 1 year of clinical service, so special attention should be given to the position of the finish line and conservation in the choice of design.

Clinical significance: Both margin designs behave comparatively regarding gingival recession and marginal adaptation with zirconia crowns. To favor the more conservative approach that would preserve tooth structure, the featheredge margin design would be preferred, if not otherwise needed. The clinical trial was registered with the Clinical Trial Registry of clinicaltrials.gov (NCT04729569). How to cite this article: El-Khayat H, Anwar EM, Nabil O, et al. Gingival Recession and Marginal Adaptation of Zirconia Crowns with Two Subgingival Margin Designs: A Randomized Clinical Trial. J Contemp Dent Pract 2025;26(8):767-775.

Aim: The current study calculated and compared the percentage of remnant volume (PRV) after reinstrumentation using Reciproc Blue files and assessed the effect of ultrasonic activation.

Materials and methods: A total 40 palatal roots of maxillary first molars randomly assigned to four groups of 10. The samples were sectioned to a consistent 12 mm length and prepared using ProTaper Next (PTN) file system, then obturated with gutta-percha (GP) and sealer (MTA FILLAPEX or One-Fil BC). Reinstrumentation was performed using a reciprocation program with Reciproc Blue files. Irrigation time was standard, and samples were divided based on whether Ultra-X activation of the irrigant was used. A Planmeca ProMax CBCT machine was used to acquire images both before and after canal reinstrumentation. The volume of the primary obturation and the remnants after reinstrumentation were calculated by using Mimics and 3-Matic Medical program. The PRV was made for the entire canal as well as for the coronal, middle, and apical thirds independently. The Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests were used for statistical analysis, with a significance threshold of p < 0.05.

Results: There was statistically significant difference between MTA and BC, with BC materials showing significantly more remnants than MTA, particularly when using the needle irrigation technique (p < 0.05). The Ultra-X groups showed statistically significant difference than the needle groups, especially in the apical and middle thirds for both BC and MTA.

Conclusion: Apical sections retained the highest amount of remnants across all groups, and BC materials resulted in significantly more remnants than MTA. Ultra-X activation was more effective overall than the needle method, especially in reducing the apical and middle remnants for both BC and MTA.

Clinical significance: The removal of sealer is essential for the success of endodontic retreatment procedure. This study assesses two types of sealer removability and also the effect of ultrasonic activation during the reinstrumentation. How to cite this article: Dawod KM, Al-Hashimi RA. Assessing Volume of Two Sealers' Remnants after Reinstrumentation Using 3D Imaging Technology: An In Vitro Comparative Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2025;26(8):743-751.

Aim: The study aimed to evaluate marginal and internal adaptation of endocrowns fabricated from Nano-ceramic Hybrid and Lithium disilicate ceramic materials.

Materials and methods: A total of 22 endocrowns were fabricated for restoring endodontically treated posterior teeth. The patients were divided into two equal groups according to the type of ceramic material used: Lithium disilicate IPS e.max CAD endocrown (control group) and Grandio nano-ceramic hybrid endocrown (intervention group). Before cementation, marginal and internal adaptation of both groups was measured by using the silicon replica technique and a digital microscope. Statistical analysis was performed by using an independent t-test, while comparison between different surfaces was performed by using One Way ANOVA test followed by Tukey's post hoc test for multiple comparisons.

Results: Marginal and internal gap results showed that the Grandio nano-ceramic hybrid group was statistically significantly higher than the lithium disilicate IPS e.max CAD group with p-value, p = 0.0001, p = 0.0002, respectively.

Conclusions: Marginal adaptation of lithium disilicate IPS e.max CAD restorations is considered clinically acceptable, whereas that of Grandio nanoceramic hybrid exceeds the clinically acceptable limit. Both lithium disilicate IPS e.max CAD and Grandio nanoceramic hybrid restorations scored an acceptable internal adaptation value.

Clinical significance: Upon consideration of restoring non-vital posterior teeth with endocrowns, lithium disilicate IPS e.max CAD is the material of choice, while Grandio nano ceramic hybrid is less recommended. How to cite this article: Salah El-Din M, Adel S, Naguib A, et al. Evaluation of Marginal and Internal Adaptation of Endocrowns Fabricated from Nano-ceramic Hybrid and Lithium Disilicate Ceramic Materials: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial. J Contemp Dent Pract 2025;26(8):795-805.

Aim: The aim was to determine the prevalence and morphometric characteristics of the Canalis sinuosus (CS) and its accessory canals (ACs) in Latin American individuals using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT).

Materials and methods: A retrospective, cross-sectional study was conducted using a sample of 136 tomographic volumes obtained from reference radiology centers in Chile (n = 47), Colombia (n = 43), and El Salvador (n = 46). The equipment used included EAGLE 3D, J. Morita, and Orthophos SL 3D (Dentsply Sirona). The study evaluated the presence or absence of the CS and its anatomical variations, including whether they were unilateral or bilateral. Furthermore, the study evaluated the terminal diameter of the CS and the position of its opening. Pearson's Chi-square test, Mann-Whitney U test, and binary logistic regression were applied.

Results: A 100% prevalence of the CS was found in 272 maxillary sides, with ACs present in 62.1% of samples. No significant differences were observed in terms of sex or age. The CS commonly terminated anterior to the incisive canal (38.7%) and at the maxillary central incisor (25.1%). Binary logistic regression showed no significant associations between sex or age and the presence of ACs. In female patients, the average sagittal diameter of the CS was 1.27 mm, and the coronal diameter was 1.28 mm (p > 0.05). Additionally, the location of the CS termination showed no significant relation to the sex of the evaluated patients (p = 0.873).

Conclusion: The Canalis sinuosus and its ACs should be regarded as typical anatomical structures due to their high frequency, irrespective of sex or age.

Clinical significance: Oral and maxillofacial radiologists need to understand the anatomical structure of the CS, mainly due to the frequency of surgical procedures performed in the anterior maxilla, to minimize the risk of complications. How to cite this article: Gonzales-Campbell V, Reyes-Veliz B, Llaguno-Rubio JM, et al. Prevalence and Morphometric Study of the Canalis Sinuosus in Latin American Individuals Using Cone-beam Computed Tomography. J Contemp Dent Pract 2025;26(8):727-731.

Aim: The aim of this research was to assess the microleakage of three different implant-abutment interface designs.

Materials and methods: A total of 60 implants were used in this investigation. These were divided into three groups. i.e., 20 samples in each group as follows: group I-conical hex implant and abutment interface, group II-internal hexagon and abutment interface, and group III-Morse taper implant and abutment interface. Staphylococcus aureus was cultivated and incubated for 24 hours at 37°C to create a bacterial suspension in brain-heart infusion broth. The assembly was taken out after 2 weeks of S. aureus culture broth submersion and allowed to remain submerged in 70% alcohol for 3 minutes. Microbial evaluation was conducted to assess the microleakage of all the samples, and scanning electron microscope with a ×1,000 magnification was used to evaluate and record the microgaps. All data were recorded and statistically analyzed.

Results: The least microleakage was found in conical hex implant and abutment interface group, i.e., 6.80 ± 2.58 followed by internal hexagon and abutment interface group (8.56 ± 3.14) and 10.24 ± 2.10 with Morse taper implant and abutment interface group. Statistically significant difference was obtained between different implant-abutment interface designs. The maximum gap was found in Morse taper implant and abutment interface group with a mean of 9.18 ± 1.62 followed by internal hexagon and abutment interface with a mean value of 7.98 ± 2.08 and conical hex implant and abutment interface group with a mean value of 7.30 ± 1.26. Statistically significant difference was obtained between different implant-abutment interface designs.

Conclusion: In conclusion, the implant abutment connection is susceptible to microleakage despite the connection design. But, implants with conical hex connections demonstrated less microleakage and microgaps than those with internal hexagon and Morse taper connection design implants.

Clinical significance: A microgap within the implant and abutment interface might be a source of microorganisms, affect clinical and histological parameters, cause inflammation, and potentially jeopardize osseointegration. As a result, knowing the components that work well together helps overcome treatment planning issues. By altering implant designs, implant-abutment connections, and procedures, several inventions are produced to reduce marginal bone loss. How to cite this article: Mondal U, Bhargava A, Roy AK, et al. Comparative Evaluation of the Microleakage of Various Implant-Abutment Interface Designs: An In Vitro Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2025;26(8):776-779.