Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice最新文献

Objective: Orthodontic treatments often involve the use of metal or ceramic brackets bonded to the enamel surface of teeth, which can increase the risk of developing white spot lesions (WSLs) (demineralization) due to prolonged exposure to plaque and bacterial acids. This study aimed to investigate the potential of casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP) in promoting remineralization and minimizing enamel loss without compromising the bond strength of metal and ceramic brackets.

Materials and methods: This in vitro experimental study involves a total of 44 therapeutically extracted first premolars immersed in artificial saliva and subjected to periodic demineralization cycles. Among these, 11 premolars were treated with a CPP-ACP remineralizing agent bonded with metal brackets, while another 11 premolars were treated with a CPP-ACP remineralizing agent and bonded with ceramic brackets. The remaining premolars were bonded with metal brackets (n = 11) or ceramic brackets (n = 11) without CPP-ACP treatment. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis was conducted after debonding the brackets.

Results: One-way ANOVA revealed a statistically significant difference among groups (p < 0.0001). Group IV (ceramic brackets with CPP-ACP) had the highest number of samples with score 0 (90.9%), indicating complete surface remineralization. Group III (metal brackets with CPP-ACP) followed with a 72.72% score 0. In contrast, both control groups (I and II) had 81.81% score 3, indicating severe surface damage. Scanning electron microscope analysis corroborated these findings, with group IV showing a smoother, more uniform enamel surface.

Conclusion: The premolars treated with CPP-ACP and bonded with ceramic brackets exhibited significantly higher remineralization potential compared to those treated with CPP-ACP and bonded with metal brackets. How to cite this article: Anbarasu P, Bhattacharyya A, Dinesh S, et al. Evaluation of the Preventive Effect of Casein Phosphopeptide-Amorphous Calcium Phosphate (CPP-ACP) on White Spot Lesions during Fixed Orthodontic Treatment Using Scanning Electron Microscopy. J Contemp Dent Pract 2025;26(11):1087-1091.

Aim and background: In a controlled, simulated root canal environment, this study examined and contrasted the resistance to cyclic fatigue of three heat-treated nickel-titanium (NiTi) rotary file systems. The goal of this work was to find systems with greater fatigue endurance because cyclic fatigue is a primary mode of instrument failure in current endodontics.

Materials and methods: A total of 30 NiTi rotary instruments-10 from Hero Gold, NeoEndo Flex, and T-Pro-were put to the test. The dimensions of all instruments were the same: Size 25, taper 0.04, and length 21 mm. A specially designed device simulated a 60° canal curvature (8 mm from the tip) was used. Time to fracture (TTF) was recorded while the instruments were run at the torque and speed recommended by the manufacturer until they failed. A conventional procedure was used to calculate cycles to fracture (NCF). Measurements of fragment lengths were made, and one-way ANOVA and post hoc analysis were used to evaluate the significance of the findings.

Results: Hero Gold outperformed NeoEndo Flex and T-Pro regarding fatigue resistance, as evidenced by considerably higher TTF and NCF values (p < 0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in fragment lengths between groups, suggesting that instruments consistently failed in the same places.

Conclusion: Hero Gold rotary files displayed the best fatigue resistance, indicating enhanced performance and durability in root canal applications.

Clinical significance: Understanding the differences in fracture resistance aids clinicians in selecting the appropriate instrumentation system for curved canals. How to cite this article: Boreak N. Assessment of Fatigue Resistance in Heat-treated Nickel-titanium Rotary Instruments with Single Canal Curvatures: An In Vitro Evaluation. J Contemp Dent Pract 2025;26(11):1047-1049.

Aim: This review aims to investigate the main observed and detected salivary biomarkers, such as cytokines, chemokines, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), and antioxidant enzymes, among patients with periodontal diseases.

Background: The emergence of periodontal diseases worldwide has increased nowadays; the early detection of these diseases' incidence and occurrence via laboratory testing is now promising.

Materials and methods: A total of 1,051 studies were collected from different search engines such as Web of Science (WOS), Scopus, Google Scholar, and PubMed.

Results: About 18 studies were selected for further analysis according to the obtained eligibility criteria. Cytokines, oxidative stress mediators, nucleic acids, and MMPs each provide valuable insights into disease mechanisms. However, integrated biomarker panels outperform individual markers, reflecting the multifactorial etiology of periodontal diseases. While challenges remain in standardization and validation, collective evidence strongly supports saliva-based biomarkers as a cornerstone of future precision dentistry.

Conclusion: This review consolidates evidence from 18 studies, underscoring the diagnostic promise of salivary and serum biomarkers in periodontal diseases.

Clinical significance: This review sheds light on the main observed and detected biomarkers in different types found in saliva. As well, it can predict the most abundant types and how to test, measure, and control. How to cite this article: Yaghmoor WE. Salivary Biomarkers for Early Detection of Periodontal Diseases: A Systematic Review. J Contemp Dent Pract 2025;26(11):1115-1124.

Aim: This study aims to evaluate the antimicrobial effectiveness and smear layer removal of Piper longum extract as a natural irrigant in root canal therapy compared to ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), a commonly used irrigant.

Materials and methods: A total of 0.5 gm of powdered P. longum fruit was extracted using distilled water and heat. Eighteen freshly extracted human maxillary central incisors were selected and decoronated to a length of 16 mm. Root canals were prepared and divided into two groups (n = 9 each): Group I was treated with 17% EDTA (control), and group II was treated with P. longum extract (test). Irrigants were activated using gutta-percha cones. Samples were sectioned for SEM evaluation at coronal, middle, and apical regions. SEM imaging was performed at ×200 (debris) and ×1,000 (smear layer). The antimicrobial analysis was done by incubating a fresh suspension of microorganisms, and the sterile wells bored were filled with varying concentrations of P. longum, and inhibition zones were measured using a vernier caliper for positive, negative, and experimental groups. Data were recorded and statistically analyzed using SPSS software.

Results: Mean smear layer scores were 2.11 ± 0.60 EDTA and 1.66 ± 0.70 (P. longum). Mean debris scores were 2.22 ± 0.44 EDTA and 2.11 ± 0.33 (P. longum). Piper longum demonstrated enhanced smear layer removal and comparable debris clearance. Antimicrobial zones of inhibition for P. longum at 150 µL ranged from 12 mm (Streptococcus mutans) to 11 mm (Candida albicans), comparable to the positive control, ampicillin (bacteria) and fluconazole (fungi). The differences in inhibition zones between P. longum and the positive control were statistically significant (p < 0.05). No zones were observed for negative controls (distilled water).

Conclusion: Piper longum extract demonstrated substantial efficacy in removing the smear layer and reducing microbial load within the root canal system, comparable to conventional EDTA.

Clinical significance: There is a growing need for biocompatible and sustainable alternatives to synthetic irrigants, which may cause adverse effects such as tissue toxicity or dentin erosion. This study explores the potential of P. longum, a natural herbal extract with known antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties, as an adjunctive irrigant in root canal therapy. How to cite this article: Varshasree S, Sinduja P, Manjesh D, et al. Effectiveness of Piper longum Extract as Natural Irrigant on Antimicrobial Properties and Smear Layer Removal: A Scanning Electron Microscope Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2025;26(11):1073-1078.

Aim: To compare the effectiveness of liquid and cream toothpastes containing Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) in reducing dental plaque and gingivitis.

Materials and methods: This randomized controlled crossover clinical trial recruited 30 dental students aged 18-24 years. The study consisted of two phases (each lasting 1 week) separated by a 2-week washout period. During phase I, group A used liquid toothpaste, while group B used cream toothpaste; in phase II, the groups switched products. All participants used their assigned dentifrice with the modified bass brushing technique. Bleeding on probing (BOP), gingival index (GI), and plaque index (PI) were recorded at baseline (T₀) and after 1 week (T₁) in each phase. Patient satisfaction was assessed at T₁ in each phase.

Results: Use of liquid toothpaste resulted in significant reductions in BOP (40.8 ± 18.57 to 35.05 ± 18.17), GI (1.84 ± 0.20 to 1.79 ± 0.23), and PI (89.32 ± 10.79 to 85.84 ± 14.16) (all p < 0.05). Cream toothpaste significantly decreased BOP (45.80 ± 25.32 to 38.83 ± 17.15) and PI (88.28 ± 11.43 to 84.78 ± 13.82) but did not significantly affect GI. For patient satisfaction, the cream formulation was consistently preferred over the liquid, particularly for cleaning effectiveness, ease of use, aroma, and purchase intention, whereas gum health and absence of irritation were rated similarly.

Conclusion: Both formulations reduced plaque and gingivitis, supporting the antioxidative role of CoQ10, regardless of toothpaste type. Liquid toothpaste may be considered an effective option for daily oral hygiene. Consideration of user acceptability is therefore important in the future development of novel dentifrice formulations.

Clinical significance: Coenzyme Q10-enriched liquid dentifrices provide comparable benefits to traditional cream formulations for controlling plaque and gingivitis, thus expanding options for home oral care. At the same time, patient acceptability should be considered in the development of future dentifrice formulations. How to cite this article: Buranasin P, Nantakeeratipat T, Thongsiri C, et al. Effectiveness of Liquid Toothpaste Containing Coenzyme Q10 in Reducing Dental Plaque and Gingivitis: A Crossover Randomized Controlled Trial. J Contemp Dent Pract 2025;26(11):1041-1046.

Objective: The study compares enamel loss following debonding of ceramic brackets using two different adhesive systems, namely: (1) methacryloyloxydodecylpyridinium bromide (MDPB) adhesive system (Clearfil Protect SE) and (2) conventional adhesive system (3M Unitec), using atomic force microscopy (AFM).

Materials and methods: The study's sample size consists of 56 premolars. Group I with 28 premolar brackets bonded using the conventional adhesive system, and group II with 28 premolar brackets bonded using Clearfil Protect SE. After debonding and cleanup procedures, surface roughness was evaluated using AFM. The paired sample t-test and the independent sample t-test were used for intragroup and intergroup comparisons of average roughness (Ra), root mean square roughness (Rs), and maximum peak-to-valley height (Rz) prior to and following bonding. The statistical analysis was carried out using the SPSS Version 16.

Results: The Ra value of the enamel surface after debonding in group I was 141 ± 24.4, while in group II it was 115.7 ± 5.05. The Rs value after debonding in group I was 183.9 ± 24.0, compared to 149.4 ± 5.06 in group II. The Rz in group I was 1662.1 ± 48.1, while in group II it was 1337.1 ± 10.13. Both groups showed increased surface roughness after debonding, but group II exhibited significantly lower roughness values than group I.

Conclusions: The Rs bromide adhesive system resulted in significantly less enamel surface roughness after debonding compared to conventional adhesive systems. Clearfil Protect SE can be considered a superior bonding agent for minimizing enamel loss post-debonding. How to cite this article: Saikia T, Baskaranarayana B, Anbarasu P, et al. Comparative Evaluation of Post-debond Enamel Loss of Ceramic Brackets Bonded with Antibacterial Monomer-containing Adhesive Bonding System and Conventional Adhesive Bonding Systems: An In Vitro Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2025;26(10):965-969.

Aim of study: This study aimed to histologically evaluate and compare the bone regenerative potential of two grafting materials, demineralized bone matrix (DBM) putty and nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite (ncHA) putty, applied to surgically created intrabony defects in a rat's model, in conjunction with the decortication technique.

Materials and methods: Thirty rats were included. A surgical bone defect measuring W × L × D; 2 × 2 × 1.5 mm with decortication was prepared by small round bur, and the rats were randomly divided into three groups (10 rats each), group I (control): Defect induction and decortication, group II: Defect induction and decortication then, ncHA putty insertion, group III: Defect induction and decortication then DBM allograft putty insertion. Five rats from each group were euthanized at 2 and 4 weeks, respectively. Maxilla excised for histological processing and evaluation using H&E stains to assess the percentage area of newly formed bone. Data were statistically analyzed by one-way ANOVA and post hoc test.

Results: The mean ± SD values at 2 and at 4 weeks were (1.05 ± 0.07, 1.25 ± 0.04) for groups I, group II (8.14 ± 0.16, 15.94 ± 0.21), and group III (8.20 ± 0.25, 13.40 ± 0.55), respectively. Both experimental groups showed significantly greater bone formation than the control at both intervals (p < 0.001). At 4 weeks, group II (ncHA) recorded higher bone regeneration compared to group III DBM (p < 0.001), while the control group showed only a slight increase.

Conclusion: Both DBM and ncHA putties enhanced bone regeneration, with ncHA showing superior performance at 4 weeks.

Clinical significance: Intrabony defects are a clinical challenge, and selecting an effective graft material is crucial for achieving predictable periodontal regeneration. How to cite this article: Dao AM, Abdulrahman M, Mira ES, et al. Histological Comparison of Bone Regeneration Using Two Putty Bone Grafts in Surgically Created Intrabony Defect in Rats with Intramarrow Penetration. J Contemp Dent Pract 2025;26(10):938-944.

Introduction: This study aimed to compare and evaluate the knowledge and awareness of general practitioners, specialists, and consultants in dental and medical healthcare regarding the management strategies of temporomandibular disorders (TMD) and orofacial pain (OFP) encountered in three regions: Bahrain, the UAE, and India.

Materials and methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among general practitioners, specialists, and consultants in dental and medical healthcare from Bahrain, the UAE, and India. A self-administered online Google survey was circulated via email and WhatsApp media to collect the data. The survey was sent to 250 medical and 250 dental practitioners through Google Forms. The survey consisted of 19 questions divided into four sections, which included demographics (five questions), types of TMD (four questions), treatments given for TMD (eight questions), and the fourth section contained types of OFP and treatment preferences (two questions). The collected data were recorded and statistically analyzed.

Results: Among the 296 respondents, 244 were dental professionals, and 52 were medical professionals. The respondents were from three countries, namely Bahrain (19.6%), UAE (28.7%), and India (51.7%). Of the 296, only 187 were familiar with TMD/OFP. In this target healthcare professional group, the dental professionals (28%) encountered symptomatic TMD patients more frequently than medical professionals (7%). General practitioners (30.4%) were the most represented group, followed by specialists (30.1%). Indian dentists reported seeing the highest number of OFP patients compared to those in Bahrain and the UAE. The dental practitioners often managed the cases with bite splints/occlusal guards (88.2%), followed by occlusion correction/braces (70.6%) and prescription medication (78.6%).

Conclusion: A significant level of awareness regarding TMD and OFP among healthcare professionals, particularly dental practitioners, was noted across the geographies, with a major diversity in the management of TMD/OFP.

Clinical significance: The study provides valuable insights into the frequency of TMD and OFP encountered in three diverse regions and the types of management done. The study enables the identification of the gaps in knowledge and management approaches. The findings can aid in focusing on targeted continuing education and interdisciplinary training, allowing a more patient safety approach with better quality of life. How to cite this article: Rashed HA, John RR, Sam N, et al. Awareness of Temporomandibular Disorders and Orofacial Pain among Healthcare Professionals in Bahrain, UAE, and India: A Cross-sectional Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2025;26(10):977-982.

Background: This study's objective was to measure the root canal curvature of the mandibular molars distal root using three distinct methods based on periapical radiography evaluation.

Materials and methods: Teeth from the oral and maxillofacial surgery (OMFS) department that were extracted due to a poor prognosis because of dental caries and severe periodontal disease were collected. Six hundred human mandibular molars were used in this study. Curvature angles of the distal root were measured using three different methods, Schneider's, Weine, and long (LA) axis techniques, in the mesiodistal (MD) and buccolingual (BL) dimensions using periapical x-ray, and the results were digitalized on a computer and statistically compared. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) demonstrated that the curvature angle values calculated with each method differed significantly (p < 0.001).

Results: Comparison of curvature angle values in MD dimensions by using Schneider's technique were 15.24° (±13.07), in Weine's technique were 21.15° (± 20.05), and in the LA axis technique were 27.76° (±27.76). Mean curvature angle values using BL dimensions in Schneider's technique were 11.01° (±6.66), in Weine's technique were 16.24° (±10.81), and in the LA axis technique were 14.40° (±11.71). Significant differences were found in mean curvature angle values using MD and BL measurements across techniques.

Conclusion: Long axis technique recorded the highest mean curvature angle in MD dimensions, followed by Weine's and Schneider's. The highest mean curvature angle values using the BL dimension were recorded by Weine's technique. All differences were statistically significant (p < 0.001).

Clinical significance: The knowledge of root canal curvature is crucial regarding the prevention of ledge formation, root perforation, and the possibility of endodontic instruments fracture during endodontic treatments. Failing to realize the curvature of the canal before treatment can leave the canal unprepared and compromise the outcome of the treatment. Therefore, a quantification method of the root canal curvature, as well as the applicability of these methods, is necessary. How to cite this article: Singh T, Bathla S, Gurtu A, et al. Comparative Analysis of Root Canal Curvature Measurement Methods for Permanent Mandibular Molars Distal Root: An Observational Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2025;26(10):945-949.