Pub Date : 2020-12-01DOI: 10.1177/02560909211015457
Mohd Yasir Arafat, Javed Ali, A. Dwivedi, I. Saleem
Executive Summary In the present era, the role of women entrepreneurship has been recognized in the process of economic development worldwide; hence, it must be promoted. Before designing any policy intervention to boost women entrepreneurship, it is important to understand the factors driving women to become entrepreneurs. The previous research on women entrepreneurship was preoccupied with performance of businesses run by women. This research aimed at answering the question: ‘What motivates or discourages the women of a society or an economy from becoming an entrepreneur?’ More specifically, this research investigates factors affecting the entrepreneurial propensity of Indian women through the lenses of cognitive and social capital perspectives. The present study is steered to enhance the understanding of women entrepreneurship at a niche level. Scholars have tried to explain factors affecting women entrepreneurship using myriad of approaches. However, these approaches have been criticized on methodological, conceptual and predictive ability weaknesses. Recently, cognitive and social capital perspectives have gained currency in explaining entrepreneurship. The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of cognitive factors—opportunity perception (Hypothesis 1), risk perception (Hypothesis 2) and perceived capabilities (Hypothesis 3)—and social capital factors—social networks (Hypothesis4) and informal investment (Hypothesis 5)—on women’s entrepreneurial propensity in India, a developing country. A data set of Global Entrepreneurship Monitor Adult Population Survey including a sample of 1305 Indians was used and binary logistic regression technique was employed to analyse the data. The finding shows that the entrepreneurial opportunities have no significant influence on women entrepreneurship; risk perception discourages women from becoming entrepreneurs, and perceived capabilities influence the decision of women to engage in entrepreneurship; social network motivates women to be entrepreneurial, and being an informal investor encourages them to start their venture. Surprisingly, we do not find support for opportunity perception. Therefore, policymakers should pay more attention to these factors of perception and social networks so that, the propensity of a woman to become entrepreneur would be increased.
{"title":"Social and Cognitive Aspects of Women Entrepreneurs: Evidence from India","authors":"Mohd Yasir Arafat, Javed Ali, A. Dwivedi, I. Saleem","doi":"10.1177/02560909211015457","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02560909211015457","url":null,"abstract":"Executive Summary In the present era, the role of women entrepreneurship has been recognized in the process of economic development worldwide; hence, it must be promoted. Before designing any policy intervention to boost women entrepreneurship, it is important to understand the factors driving women to become entrepreneurs. The previous research on women entrepreneurship was preoccupied with performance of businesses run by women. This research aimed at answering the question: ‘What motivates or discourages the women of a society or an economy from becoming an entrepreneur?’ More specifically, this research investigates factors affecting the entrepreneurial propensity of Indian women through the lenses of cognitive and social capital perspectives. The present study is steered to enhance the understanding of women entrepreneurship at a niche level. Scholars have tried to explain factors affecting women entrepreneurship using myriad of approaches. However, these approaches have been criticized on methodological, conceptual and predictive ability weaknesses. Recently, cognitive and social capital perspectives have gained currency in explaining entrepreneurship. The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of cognitive factors—opportunity perception (Hypothesis 1), risk perception (Hypothesis 2) and perceived capabilities (Hypothesis 3)—and social capital factors—social networks (Hypothesis4) and informal investment (Hypothesis 5)—on women’s entrepreneurial propensity in India, a developing country. A data set of Global Entrepreneurship Monitor Adult Population Survey including a sample of 1305 Indians was used and binary logistic regression technique was employed to analyse the data. The finding shows that the entrepreneurial opportunities have no significant influence on women entrepreneurship; risk perception discourages women from becoming entrepreneurs, and perceived capabilities influence the decision of women to engage in entrepreneurship; social network motivates women to be entrepreneurial, and being an informal investor encourages them to start their venture. Surprisingly, we do not find support for opportunity perception. Therefore, policymakers should pay more attention to these factors of perception and social networks so that, the propensity of a woman to become entrepreneur would be increased.","PeriodicalId":35878,"journal":{"name":"Vikalpa","volume":"34 1","pages":"223 - 239"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87152345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-01DOI: 10.1177/02560909211020142
A. Tripathy
250 BHEL SMART WALL BLOWING SYSTEM: NEW PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT IN MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY Creative Commons Non Commercial CC BY-NC: This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons AttributionNonCommercial 4.0 License (http://www.creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits non-Commercial use, reproduction and distribution of the work without further permission provided the original work is attributed as specified on the SAGE and Open Access pages (https:// us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/open-access-at-sage). D I A G N O S E S BHEL Smart Wall Blowing System: New Product Development in Manufacturing Industry
{"title":"BHEL Smart Wall Blowing System: New Product Development in Manufacturing Industry: Case Analysis","authors":"A. Tripathy","doi":"10.1177/02560909211020142","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02560909211020142","url":null,"abstract":"250 BHEL SMART WALL BLOWING SYSTEM: NEW PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT IN MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY Creative Commons Non Commercial CC BY-NC: This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons AttributionNonCommercial 4.0 License (http://www.creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits non-Commercial use, reproduction and distribution of the work without further permission provided the original work is attributed as specified on the SAGE and Open Access pages (https:// us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/open-access-at-sage). D I A G N O S E S BHEL Smart Wall Blowing System: New Product Development in Manufacturing Industry","PeriodicalId":35878,"journal":{"name":"Vikalpa","volume":"42 1","pages":"250 - 252"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85805649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this paper, we critique the initiative for public private partnership in passenger train operations, started by the Ministry of Railways in July 2020. First, we examine each of the clusters in terms of parameters having implications on market and design coherence. The parameters include category of service (based on running time), train kms per week, train hours per week and average speed. Second, we present the salient features of bid parameters and conditions as per the documents released by the Ministry of Railways. Third, we assess the public private partnership initiative and bid conditions on parameters such as drivers for the initiative, market coherence, design coherence, bidding process and timeline, bid criteria, concession period, issues of competition, financial capacity, entry costs, train set features, fare and ticketing, terminals, schedule and stoppages, haulage and other charges and operations & maintenance. We also draw lessons from our understanding of the public private partnership experience of container train operators, where applicable. Finally, we suggest a way forward for the stakeholders in this public private partnership initiative.
{"title":"A Critique of the Initiative for Public–Private Partnership in Passenger Train Operations","authors":"G. Raghuram, R. Gangwar, C. Rastogi","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3704731","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3704731","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we critique the initiative for public private partnership in passenger train operations, started by the Ministry of Railways in July 2020. First, we examine each of the clusters in terms of parameters having implications on market and design coherence. The parameters include category of service (based on running time), train kms per week, train hours per week and average speed. Second, we present the salient features of bid parameters and conditions as per the documents released by the Ministry of Railways. Third, we assess the public private partnership initiative and bid conditions on parameters such as drivers for the initiative, market coherence, design coherence, bidding process and timeline, bid criteria, concession period, issues of competition, financial capacity, entry costs, train set features, fare and ticketing, terminals, schedule and stoppages, haulage and other charges and operations & maintenance. We also draw lessons from our understanding of the public private partnership experience of container train operators, where applicable. Finally, we suggest a way forward for the stakeholders in this public private partnership initiative.","PeriodicalId":35878,"journal":{"name":"Vikalpa","volume":"33 1","pages":"7 - 20"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85622004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-01DOI: 10.1177/0256090920979695
Venuka Aggarwal, Khushdeep Dharni
VIKALPA • VOLUME 45 • ISSUE 3 • JULY-SEPTEMBER 2020 Creative Commons Non Commercial CC BY-NC: This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons AttributionNonCommercial 4.0 License (http://www.creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits non-Commercial use, reproduction and distribution of the work without further permission provided the original work is attributed as specified on the SAGE and Open Access pages (https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/open-access-at-sage). Deshelling the Shell Companies Using Benford’s Law: An Emerging Market Study
{"title":"Deshelling the Shell Companies Using Benford’s Law: An Emerging Market Study","authors":"Venuka Aggarwal, Khushdeep Dharni","doi":"10.1177/0256090920979695","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0256090920979695","url":null,"abstract":"VIKALPA • VOLUME 45 • ISSUE 3 • JULY-SEPTEMBER 2020 Creative Commons Non Commercial CC BY-NC: This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons AttributionNonCommercial 4.0 License (http://www.creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits non-Commercial use, reproduction and distribution of the work without further permission provided the original work is attributed as specified on the SAGE and Open Access pages (https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/open-access-at-sage). Deshelling the Shell Companies Using Benford’s Law: An Emerging Market Study","PeriodicalId":35878,"journal":{"name":"Vikalpa","volume":"40 1","pages":"160 - 169"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88829160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-01DOI: 10.1177/0256090920976765
P. Dutta, Rupjit Saikia
Executive Summary In the contemporary time, the reliability of any product has become a big issue from the customer’s perspective due to exponentially mushrooming markets of electronics and digital gadgets. Since the use of digital equipment is tremendously increasing, as a consequence, the production and availability of products are also increasing rampantly. Due to the flooding of digital products, customers often end up in a dilemma regarding the abundant choice and subsequently, become very much dependent upon the reviews of experts and fellow customers as well. In many cases, unfortunately, it is encountered that the products are not reliable enough as suggested by the reviewers. Besides, it is often seen that the manufacturing companies provide almost similar types of features and facilities for products and customers usually end up in a dilemma The confusion gets triggered when varieties of commodities are manufactured and supplied by different manufacturers bearing almost the same features nearly at the same price. In such situations, the reviews of experts and customers already using the product become essential. The reliability of a product relies upon the reviews of the previous customers of the same product. In this article, fuzzy multi-criteria decision-making methodology has been employed to find the reliability of a product considering different features of the product based on the reviews of customers and experts. This paper presents a neo distance measure on hesitant fuzzy set which is found on the notion of score function and mean deviation. Explanatory instances are provided to reveal the distinctiveness and merit of our proposed idea on distance measure over existing distance measures. After that, the proposed distance measure is applied in the decision-making approach for taking up the best electronic products. It is evidenced that the proposed distance measure is beneficial to measure distance degree between two unequal Hesitant Fuzzy Elements (HFEs) without putting extra elements in the shorter HFE. The proposed distance measures can be utilized in the decision-making field in the near future under diverse conditions to display undetermined particulars in a much-clarified manner.
{"title":"A Decision-making Approach for Choosing a Reliable Product under the Hesitant Fuzzy Environment via a Novel Distance Measure","authors":"P. Dutta, Rupjit Saikia","doi":"10.1177/0256090920976765","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0256090920976765","url":null,"abstract":"Executive Summary In the contemporary time, the reliability of any product has become a big issue from the customer’s perspective due to exponentially mushrooming markets of electronics and digital gadgets. Since the use of digital equipment is tremendously increasing, as a consequence, the production and availability of products are also increasing rampantly. Due to the flooding of digital products, customers often end up in a dilemma regarding the abundant choice and subsequently, become very much dependent upon the reviews of experts and fellow customers as well. In many cases, unfortunately, it is encountered that the products are not reliable enough as suggested by the reviewers. Besides, it is often seen that the manufacturing companies provide almost similar types of features and facilities for products and customers usually end up in a dilemma The confusion gets triggered when varieties of commodities are manufactured and supplied by different manufacturers bearing almost the same features nearly at the same price. In such situations, the reviews of experts and customers already using the product become essential. The reliability of a product relies upon the reviews of the previous customers of the same product. In this article, fuzzy multi-criteria decision-making methodology has been employed to find the reliability of a product considering different features of the product based on the reviews of customers and experts. This paper presents a neo distance measure on hesitant fuzzy set which is found on the notion of score function and mean deviation. Explanatory instances are provided to reveal the distinctiveness and merit of our proposed idea on distance measure over existing distance measures. After that, the proposed distance measure is applied in the decision-making approach for taking up the best electronic products. It is evidenced that the proposed distance measure is beneficial to measure distance degree between two unequal Hesitant Fuzzy Elements (HFEs) without putting extra elements in the shorter HFE. The proposed distance measures can be utilized in the decision-making field in the near future under diverse conditions to display undetermined particulars in a much-clarified manner.","PeriodicalId":35878,"journal":{"name":"Vikalpa","volume":"42 1","pages":"147 - 159"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90746924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-01DOI: 10.1177/0256090920969398
C. Gopinath
139 Creative Commons Non Commercial CC BY-NC: This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons AttributionNonCommercial 4.0 License (http://www.creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits non-Commercial use, reproduction and distribution of the work without further permission provided the original work is attributed as specified on the SAGE and Open Access pages (https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/open-access-at-sage). Project Management At Champaran: Revisiting Gandhi’s Satyagraha
{"title":"Project Management At Champaran: Revisiting Gandhi’s Satyagraha","authors":"C. Gopinath","doi":"10.1177/0256090920969398","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0256090920969398","url":null,"abstract":"139 Creative Commons Non Commercial CC BY-NC: This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons AttributionNonCommercial 4.0 License (http://www.creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits non-Commercial use, reproduction and distribution of the work without further permission provided the original work is attributed as specified on the SAGE and Open Access pages (https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/open-access-at-sage). Project Management At Champaran: Revisiting Gandhi’s Satyagraha","PeriodicalId":35878,"journal":{"name":"Vikalpa","volume":"11 1","pages":"139 - 146"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81613371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-01DOI: 10.1177/0256090920965420
Shital Jhunjhunwala
{"title":"Tata Sons and the Mystery of Mistry","authors":"Shital Jhunjhunwala","doi":"10.1177/0256090920965420","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0256090920965420","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":35878,"journal":{"name":"Vikalpa","volume":"53 1","pages":"170 - 182"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88447049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-01DOI: 10.1177/0256090920939809
M. S. Sahoo, Anuradha Guru
69 Creative Commons Non Commercial CC BY-NC: This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons AttributionNonCommercial 4.0 License (http://www.creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits non-Commercial use, reproduction and distribution of the work without further permission provided the original work is attributed as specified on the SAGE and Open Access pages (https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/open-access-at-sage). Indian Insolvency Law
{"title":"Indian Insolvency Law","authors":"M. S. Sahoo, Anuradha Guru","doi":"10.1177/0256090920939809","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0256090920939809","url":null,"abstract":"69 Creative Commons Non Commercial CC BY-NC: This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons AttributionNonCommercial 4.0 License (http://www.creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits non-Commercial use, reproduction and distribution of the work without further permission provided the original work is attributed as specified on the SAGE and Open Access pages (https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/open-access-at-sage). Indian Insolvency Law","PeriodicalId":35878,"journal":{"name":"Vikalpa","volume":"152 1","pages":"69 - 78"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76625019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-01DOI: 10.1177/0256090920946519
Ishita Das
VIKALPA • VOLUME 45 • ISSUE 2 • APRIL-JUNE 2020 Creative Commons Non Commercial CC BY-NC: This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons AttributionNonCommercial 4.0 License (http://www.creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits non-Commercial use, reproduction and distribution of the work without further permission provided the original work is attributed as specified on the SAGE and Open Access pages (https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/open-access-at-sage). The Need for Implementing a Cross-Border Insolvency Regime within the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, 2016
{"title":"The Need for Implementing a Cross-Border Insolvency Regime within the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, 2016","authors":"Ishita Das","doi":"10.1177/0256090920946519","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0256090920946519","url":null,"abstract":"VIKALPA • VOLUME 45 • ISSUE 2 • APRIL-JUNE 2020 Creative Commons Non Commercial CC BY-NC: This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons AttributionNonCommercial 4.0 License (http://www.creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits non-Commercial use, reproduction and distribution of the work without further permission provided the original work is attributed as specified on the SAGE and Open Access pages (https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/open-access-at-sage). The Need for Implementing a Cross-Border Insolvency Regime within the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, 2016","PeriodicalId":35878,"journal":{"name":"Vikalpa","volume":"67 1","pages":"104 - 114"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82266713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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