Stomatologiya最新文献

Objective: To study the prevalence of periodontal disease (PD) among adolescents in the Nenets autonomous area (NAO).

Materials and methods: A total of 250 adolescents aged 15-17 years participated in a cross-sectional study as a part of State Assignment No. 056-00121-18-00 in the NAO. Periodontal status was assessed using a periodontal button probe. Results were presented as proportions for the prevalence and as arithmetic means for the number of affected sextants with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Categorical data were analyzed using chi-square tests, and discrete data were analyzed using Poisson regression. Risk ratios (RR) with CIs were calculated using robust standard errors to account for overdispersion.

Results: The prevalence of PD was 38.8% (95% CI: 33.0-45.0). The prevalence of bleeding and calculus was 19.2% (95% CI: 14.8-24.5) and 28.4% (95% CI: 23.2-34.3), respectively. The mean number of sextants was 0.91 (95% CI: 0.73-1.10), while the mean number of sextants with bleeding was 0.37 (95% CI: 0.25-0.49), and with calculus was 0.57 (95% CI: 0.42-0.71) Girls had fewer affected sextants (RR=0.61 (95% CI: 0.41-0.91)). The number of affected sextants among the Nenets was twice as high compared to the Russians (RR=2.07 (95% CI: 1.14-3.76)). Urban residents had fewer affected sextants than rural residents (RR=0.38 (95% CI: 0.18-0.80)). Seventeen-year-olds had twice as many affected sextants as the 15-year-olds (RR=1.94 (95% CI: 1.09-3.46)).

Conclusion: The results of the study can be used to develop effective dental preventive programs considering the socio-demographic characteristics of adolescents in the NAO.

Objective: To analyze the oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) among school children and young adults before and 6 months after orthodontic treatment.

Material and methods: The study included 83 school children from 7 to 17 years old, and 190 young adults from 18 to 44 years old. The OHIP-14 questionnaire was used to assess OHRQoL.

Results: Among the school children enrolled in the study, children of primary and secondary school age 7-15 years (88.0%) prevailed, and among adults - people aged 18-29 years (70.5%). More than two thirds of the patients, both among school children and adults, were female. The self-assessment of OHRQoL given by adults was significantly worse than the assessment given by school children. Before orthodontic treatment, children and adults suffered the most from the components of OHRQoL associated with social and psychological distress: «psychological discomfort», «psychological disability» and «social disability». Adult patients also reported «physical pain». There was a significant improvement in OHRQoL, both among children and adults, 6 months after completion of orthodontic treatment.

Conclusion: The data obtained in the study can be used in the organization, planning and evaluation of the results of orthodontic treatment.

The objective: Was to study the effect of complex electrical resistance of teeth on the electrical sensitivity testing values.

Material and methods: The study of complex electrical resistance during electrical sensitivity testing was carried out in 70 patients aged 18 to 57 years. Males made up 48.6% and females 51.4%. A total of 254 teeth were examined. All the examined teeth had mature roots; 65 teeth were intact, 52 had previously been treated for caries, 38 teeth had dentine caries, 33 were diagnosed with pulpitis, 21 with periodontitis, 45 teeth had previously undergone endodontic treatment.

Results: The main contribution to the complex electrical resistance during electrical sensitivity testing is made by the condition of the hard tissues of the teeth. In intact teeth, the impedance modulus was 3148±236.8. In the teeth where caries was treated, the impedance modulus was 2675±327.4 kOhm. In case of caries, i.e. when the active electrode was placed on the dentine of the tooth during the study, the module of complex electrical resistance decreased to 852±445.3 kOhm. The lowest values of the impedance modulus were in cases when the active electrode was located at the bottom of the tooth cavity, in the mouths of the root canals of teeth that had not previously undergone endodontic treatment, with pulpitis and periodontitis. Its values were 294±121.5 kOhm. In teeth with previously sealed root canals, the complex electrical resistance was 1253±297.8 kOhm.

Conclusion: The results of the study showed that the module of complex electrical resistance, and, consequently, the electrical conductivity of tooth tissues during electrical sensitivity testing, can be in a wide range. These circumstances should be considered when choosing a technique for conducting electrical sensitivity testing in specific clinical situations.

The article presents a literature review and a clinical case of an adenomatoid odontogenic tumor in a 3-year-old child. After the surgical treatment, an morphological and immunohistochemical (with antibodies to Ki-67, CK7, CK 14 and CK 18) studies of the remote material were performed. The histological features of the neoplasm are shown, and its origin from the odontogenic epithelium is substantiated.

Objective: To compare the results of surface electromyography in patients with functional disorders of the masticatory muscles at all stages of complex therapy and to demonstrate the need for the introduction of a generally accepted comprehensive approach to the examination and treatment of patients with this pathology.

Material and methods: EMG studies were conducted in 127 patients of both sexes aged 35 to 54 years, who were divided into 2 groups. The first (control group) consisted of 20 patients without signs of functional disorders in the masticatory muscles. The second (main) group included 107 patients of both sexes with functional disorders in the masticatory muscles. The examination was carried out using a portable electromyograph "Synapsis" (Neurotech), adapted for dental purposes.

Results: The application of surface electromyography in patients with functional disorders of the masticatory muscles revealed statistically significant differences in the values of the compared indices. EMG allowed for a visual assessment of the work of the masticatory musculature based on the results of qualitative and quantitative indicators of the bioelectrical activity of the masticatory muscles.

Conclusion: Performing surface EMG at all stages of rehabilitation is of undeniable value as the most accessible and informative method for diagnosing neuromuscular disorders in patients with increased tooth wear and masticatory muscle dysfunction, which improves the quality of orthopedic treatment.

Objective: Improving the effectiveness of primary surgery of uranoplasty and re-reconstruction of the palate in patients with cleft palate through the use of an axial flap of the fat body of the cheek.

Material and methods: In the period from 2023-2024, 41 patients with cleft palate aged from 1 to 19 years were operated on. Of these, 28 people had a flap of the cheek fat body used in risk groups during primary uranoplasty (group 1) and in 13 patients to eliminate postoperative palate defects of various localization and extent (group 2).

Results: In patients of group 1, healing of the postoperative wound by primary tension was noted. The result of the operation was a movable palate, rising and remaining in ascent with phonation with a pronounced pharyngeal reflex. In 12 patients of group 2, the integrity of the palate was completely restored. In one patient, the size of the defect decreased from 2.0×1.8 cm to 0.2×0.2 cm. There were no complications associated with the mobilization of a fat flap or a donor site in any patient.

Conclusion: The use of an axial flap is a reliable, simple and convenient method of treating and preventing defects of the hard and soft palate in patients with cleft lip and palate, which reduces the risk of defects during primary surgery and increases the percentage of successful reconstruction during repeated operations. Due to its unique properties, this flap increases the survival of the mucous-periosteal flaps, and in cases of tissue deficiency it can serve as the only substitute for the oral mucosa.

The review of modern literature on congenital hyperinsulinism in children is presented, highlighting the features of the clinical course, nutrition treatment and dynamic monitoring of children. Only a few publications have hypothesized about possible dental problems in children with congenital hyperinsulinism, without specifying and describing them. The risk factors for caries, the specifics of dental care, and ways to improve the quality of life have not been sanctified. The general condition of the child can be so severe that dental problems are not taken into account by specialists of other profiles. The study of risk factors for dental diseases (dental caries, diseases of the oral mucosa, chronic oral sepsis) in children with congenital hyperinsulinism, their prevention, and treatment features is relevant for planning dental support, and it is important to route children in connection with the expected behavioral risk factors for treatment, both underlying and concomitant diseases.

Objective: To develop a method for reconstructing the distal soft palate in cleft closure using reproducible anatomical landmarks.

Material and methods: A total of 110 patients with congenital cleft lip and/or palate were included in two cohorts (53 and 57 patients). Each cohort was divided into three groups based on the surgical technique: Group 1 - anatomical landmark-based technique; Group 2 - Ivanov-Ageeva technique; Group 3 - traditional methods. Outcomes were assessed using a custom aesthetic scoring scale, parental satisfaction questionnaires, and measurements of operative time and intraoperative blood loss.

Results: The landmark-based technique provided the best and most consistent aesthetic results. Surgeon-assigned aesthetic scores were 14/6±0.4 (Group 1), 12.3±0.9 (Group 2), and 8.8±1.2 (Group 3), p < 0.001. Operative time was shorter in Group 1 (155.1±29/4 min) than in Group 2 (197.5±33.8 min), p < 0.001. Parental satisfaction was also highest in Group 1 (4.77±0.44), p < 0.001.

Conclusion: Incorporating anatomical landmarks in cleft palate repair standardizes the surgical approach and significantly improves aesthetic and functional outcomes.

Objective: To propose and validate a new method of treatment planning for orthodotic-surgical cases based on digital 3D-technologies.

Materials and methods: A clinical case is presented demonstrating the planning of comprehensive orthodontic-surgical treatment for a patient with a skeletal form of distal occlusion using the developed method. This method is based on creating a digital simulation model of the dentoalveolar complex by combining medical images of different modalities (CBCT, digital dental arch models) into a single workspace for subsequent virtual surgical and orthodontic treatment simulation as a foundation for later implementation.

Results: The method of planning orthodontic-surgical treatment using digital 3D technologies was described and tested on a patient with a skeletal form of distal occlusion. As a result, a sequential simulation of bimaxillary orthognathic surgery and preparatory orthodontic treatment was performed on the digital simulation model of the dentoalveolar complex.

Conclusion: The digital simulation model of the dentoalveolar complex serves as a basis for virtual simulation of comprehensive treatment by maxillofacial surgeons, orthodontists, and prosthodontists. This technology allows visualization of the treatment outcome before its initiation and reduces the likelihood of complications during the orthodontic and surgical stages of comprehensive treatment. Integration of a patient's digital data and working with it in specialized computer programs with high accuracy enables determination of the necessary extent and biomechanical nuances of tooth movement, as well as monitoring the dynamics of orthodontic treatment.

Objective: : to determine by the analysis of literature data whether molar-incisor hypomineralization (MIH) affects the efficiency of dental filling.

Materials and methods: The analysis was conducted based on articles found on the PubMed and E-library portals using the keywords: "molar-incisor hypomineralization", "MIH", "rehabilitation in MIH", "enamel pretreatment in MIH", "enamel adhesion in MIH", "treatment of molar-incisor hypomineralization".

Results: Enamel of teeth with MIH differs from healthy enamel: the content of organic matter, including proteins and lipids in hypomineralized enamel is eight times higher than in normal enamel. Increased content of organic matter and phosphorus suggests that the enamel does not reach the maturation stage, and its structure becomes more porous. Many authors indicate a decrease in the adhesion force to demineralized enamel in MIH. To improve it several strategies are used: complete removal of visible demineralized enamel, remineralizing therapy, deproteinization, chemical or mechanical microabrasion of enamel before filling.

Conclusion: The effect of these strategies is inconclusive; in the long term, direct restorations are often complicated by marginal leakage and caries, which in turn leads to the loss of a large amount of hard tissues. Alongside with complete removal of demineralized enamel recommended by some authors this results in an increase of the defect area often corresponding to the indication for tooth restoration by indirect restoration.