Stomatologiya最新文献

Objective: To compare the results of surface electromyography in patients with functional disorders of the masticatory muscles at all stages of complex therapy and to demonstrate the need for the introduction of a generally accepted comprehensive approach to the examination and treatment of patients with this pathology.

Material and methods: EMG studies were conducted in 127 patients of both sexes aged 35 to 54 years, who were divided into 2 groups. The first (control group) consisted of 20 patients without signs of functional disorders in the masticatory muscles. The second (main) group included 107 patients of both sexes with functional disorders in the masticatory muscles. The examination was carried out using a portable electromyograph "Synapsis" (Neurotech), adapted for dental purposes.

Results: The application of surface electromyography in patients with functional disorders of the masticatory muscles revealed statistically significant differences in the values of the compared indices. EMG allowed for a visual assessment of the work of the masticatory musculature based on the results of qualitative and quantitative indicators of the bioelectrical activity of the masticatory muscles.

Conclusion: Performing surface EMG at all stages of rehabilitation is of undeniable value as the most accessible and informative method for diagnosing neuromuscular disorders in patients with increased tooth wear and masticatory muscle dysfunction, which improves the quality of orthopedic treatment.

The article presents an overview of the intermediate results of treatment for maxillary sinus melanoma in a 66-year-old patient. The importance of timely diagnosis and active surgical tactics for achieving the best survival results up to 5 years is noted. After further examination, the diagnosis was confirmed, the patient underwent genomic sequencing of the tumor tissue biopsy, which revealed a BRAF mutation. In this regard, adjuvant therapy was prescribed according to the dabrafenib+trametinib regimen. It was noted that this rare pathology requires careful study, monitoring of clinical outcomes and features of surgical tactics, considering the multifocal nature of the tumor and its high aggressiveness in comparison with the cutaneous form. In the future, the possibility of surgical intervention is discussed, extensive resection is considered, the expected volume, which can reach the removal of both soft tissue and bone structures up to resection of a part of the lower wall of the orbit.

Objective: To conduct a comparative analysis of the sizes and positions of maxillofacial structures in patients with distal occlusion (gnathic and dentoalveolar forms) using a new 3D analysis.

Material and methods: The object of the study were 132 patients with the gnathic form of distal occlusion of both sexes aged 18 to 45 years, including 79 women and 53 men. All patients underwent cone-beam computed tomography of the skull using KavoExam equipment with subsequent automated 3D cephalometric calculation in ViSurgery 3Dstudio software. We assessed 3D parameters on the right and left sides, as well as their 2D projection onto the midsagittal plane constructed using landmarks - cephalometric points S, N, A. Linear and angular parameters of the position and relative position of the jaws were determined using the values of Witts, SNA, SNB, ANB, B-A-Pg, S-N-Pg, ML-R/NSL, ML-L/NSL, NL-R/ML-R, NL-L/ML-L, ML/OcP, GoR - PNS, GoL-PNS and their projection onto the midsagittal plane. The angular parameters determining the direction of facial skull growth on the right and left corresponded to N-S-ArR, N-S-ArL, ArR-GoR-Me, ArL-GoL-Me, CoR-GoR-Me, CoL-GoL-Me. The angles and sizes of the position of the upper (∠SNA, PNS-A'), lower (∠SNB, Go-Pg) jaw relative to the anterior base of the skull, and the intermaxillary angle (∠ANB) were determined.

Results: In both males and females, the gnathic form of distal occlusion was caused by lower retro-, micrognathia with prevalence of the horizontal type of growth of the facial part of the skull. For males and females with the dentoalveolar form of distal occlusion, the vertical type of growth of the facial part of the skull was characteristic; at the same time, lower micrognathia was noted, as in individuals with the gnathic form of distal occlusion.

Conclusion: The proposed cephalometric analysis in the ViSurgery software allows for an automated detailed study of the cranial-maxillary relationships in three-dimensional space and a complete picture of the severity and determinacy of the existing anomaly.

Objective: The aim the studi is to evaluation of the effectiveness of the method of adaptation of children with autism spectrum disorders to a dental appointment using augmented reality technology.

Materials and methods: 76 children with autism spectrum disorders aged 3 to 16 years were examined and divided into 2 comparable groups. In group 1, standard adaptation of children to a dentist's appointment was carried out, in group 2, a method of adaptation of children developed using augmented reality (AR) technology was additionally used. To determine the degree of anxiety of children with autism, the Frankl behavioral scale was used before and after the application of the developed adaptation method.

Results: In the second group, more children with autism spectrum disorders adapted to dental visits. Specifically, the percentage of children displaying absolutely negative behavior dropped significantly (from 26.3% to 2.6%, p<0.05), as did those with negative behavior (from 23.7% to 2.6%, p<0.05). Conversely, the number of children exhibiting absolutely positive behavior increased (from 26.3% to 50%, p<0.05). Overall, the percentage of children with negative or absolutely negative behavior decreased dramatically, from 50% to 5.2% (p<0.05). These findings demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed methodology and support its recommendation for practical use.

Conclusion: The use of the technique for adapting children with ASD to a dental appointment, developed using PAP and AR technology, helps to reduce the manifestation of undesirable behavior in children with ASD and can be used to prepare a child for a dental appointment and dental manipulations.

Objective: The aim of the study to assess the prevalence of MIH among adolescents in the Nenets Autonomous Okrug (NAO), the Komi Republic (KR), and the Murmansk region (MR), as well as associations between MIH and caries experience.

Material and methods: This cross-sectional study included 250, 189, and 126 adolescents aged 15-17 years, residing in NAO (Naryan-Mar and 3 rural settlements), KR (Syktyvkar), and MR (Murmansk), respectively. The Weerheijm criteria were used to diagnose MIH. Caries experience was assessed using the WHO methodology (2013) with the calculation of the DMFT index and its components. All indicators were calculated with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Differences in categorical and numeric variables were analyzed using non-parametric Pearson's chi-squared and Mann-Whitney tests, respectively.

Results: The prevalence of MIH in the studied regions was 5.20% in NAO, 3.70% in KR, and 4.76% in MR. The CPI index was significantly higher in adolescents with MRC of 7.62 than in those with normal enamel structure of 5.48 due to a greater number of carious teeth of 2.23 and 1.13, respectively. When assessing the prevalence of MIH by gender, it was determined that in the of Komi Republic, the frequency of MIH among girls was significantly higher - 6.00% versus 1.12% among boys, while statistical significance was not achieved.

Conclusions: The prevalence of MIH among adolescents in the studied areas of the Russian North is significantly lower than in most other countries. However, adolescents with MIH exhibit a significantly higher intensity of carious lesions, warranting the development of preventive measures targeting MIH.

This review considers the potential use of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) for bone regeneration in osteoporosis. Studies on the effect of BMP-2 on bone regeneration in vitro and in vivo are analysed. The results of clinical application of osteoinducers and possible complications are described.

The objective: Of this work is to study the effectiveness of a method for determining the activity of a galvanic cell in the absence and presence of galvanic syndrome and diseases of the oral mucosa, the development of which may be associated with the irritating effect of direct electric current.

Material and methods: Three groups of 50 patients were examined. All patients had at least 2 metal structures in the oral cavity. The first group consisted of patients without diseases of the oral mucosa and the absence of complaints specific to galvanic syndrome. The second group included patients without signs of pathological changes in the oral mucosa but with complaints are specific to galvanic syndrome. The third group consisted of patients with diseases of oral mucosa, the development of which could be due to the irritating effect of direct electric current. The electrochemical potential of each metal structure was determined and the difference between the potential obtained was calculated to detect metal structures that could form a galvanic pair. To determine the activity of a galvanic cell formed by galvanic vapors, the hydrogen index of the gingival fluid in the area of these structures was determined.

The results of the study: The difference in the electrochemical potentials of metal structures in the studied groups had no statistically significant differences (p>0.05) and amounted to: 129±24.7 mV in the first group, 138±35.3 mV in the second, 135±19.8 mV in the third. In the first group, 92% of patients had no significant difference in the hydrogen parameters of gingival fluid near pairs of metal structures (p>0.05). The hydrogen values were 6.6±0.26 at the cathode and 6.9±0.35 at the anode. In the second group, 88% of patients showed significant credible differences (p<0.05) in the hydrogen parameters of the gingival fluid near metal structures, at the cathode - 7.9±0.42, and at the anode - 6.3±0.31. In the third group, 86% of patients also showed a high difference in the hydrogen parameters of the gingival fluid near metal structures, at the cathode - 7.8±0.29, at the anode - 6.3±0.22 (p<0.05).

Conclusion: A method for detecting the activity of a galvanic element in the oral cavity, which consists in measuring the hydrogen parameters of the gingival fluid near metal structures forming a galvanic pair, allows you to objectively assess whether the galvanic element is in a passive or active state. In the absence of galvanic syndrome and diseases of the oral mucosa, the detection rate of active galvanic cells was only 8%, wwhile in the presence of galvanic syndrome it was 88%, and in diseases of the oral mucosa it was 86%.

Objective: Evaluation of the effectiveness of treatment of chronic generalized periodontitis by PDT method based on PCR diagnostic data.

Material and methods: A clinical and laboratory study and treatment of chronic generalized periodontitis of moderate severity was conducted in 30 people (16 men and 14 women) aged 35 to 55 years without somatic pathology with orthognathic bite diagnosed according to ICD-10 K05.3. Complex treatment consisted of oral sanitation, removal of dental plaque and curettage of periodontal pockets followed by photodynamic therapy (4 sessions of 10 minutes each). Bacteriological examination was performed before and after PDT. The test material was collected from inflammation sites in the gingival sulcus area and from periodontal pocket areas. DNA determination of Prevotella intermedia, Tannerella forsythia (Bacteroides forsythus), Treponema denticola, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans) and Porphyromonas gingivalis was performed using the reagent kit Multident-5 by the method of accelerated sample preparation using reagents manufactured by Genlab LLC in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions. The results were assessed by a semi-quantitative method (in points from 0 to 4).

Results: According to PCR diagnostics, a positive trend was observed in patients after PDT treatment. The decrease in the frequency of A. actinomycetemcomitans DNA detection after treatment was not statistically significant. At the same time, A. actinomycetemcomitans was identified in 17 (85%), after therapy in 15 (80%) indivisuals. The frequency of P. intermedia detection after therapy decreased from 15 (40%) to 0 (0%) cases. The frequency of P. gingivalis DNA detection decreased by 1.4 times: from 18 (90%) cases before treatment to 13 (65%) after treatment. One month after PDT, the frequency of P. gingivalis DNA detection decreased by 2 times, and after 3 months by 1.4 times. T. forsythia was detected before treatment in all patients, after treatment in 18 cases (90%). One month after PDT, it decreased significantly and was completely eliminated, which remained the case after 3 months. T. denticola was detected in 16 (80%) patients before treatment and in 14 (70%) people after treatment.

Conclusions: PDT resulted in a significant reduction in the bacterial load in patients with moderate chronic generalized periodontitis.

Objective: The aim the study is determination of the features of the manifestations of sialadenitis that developed during or after radioiodine therapy.

Material and methods: We analyzed the data of 61 patients who received at least one session of radioiodine therapy. The patients were divided into two groups: with and without salivary gland pathology. Patients in the control group underwent scintigraphy and ultrasound examination of the soft tissues of the maxillofacial region and neck, as well as salivary gland structures, once every 3 months (in remission - once a year). When obstruction of the ductal system of the salivary glands was detected, patients underwent diagnostic sialoscopy.

Results: A bilateral lesion of the parotid salivary gland was found in 10 (36%) patients. Damage to the salivary glands developed after receiving at least one dose of radioiodine therapy (2.56 Gbq). The main complaint was an enlargement of the salivary gland. The first symptoms of the disease appeared at initial doses of radionuclide therapy not exceeding 6.77 Gbq(at the minimum dose 2.56 Gbq): the median time for the first symptoms of salivary gland disease was 14.5 (95% CI 11.0-113.0) months (p<0.0001).

Conclusion: The main clinical signs of sialadenitis, which broke down against the background of radioiodine therapy, are impaired saliva outflow, as well as xerostomia. Therefore, the treatment of this pathology should be aimed at restoring the patency of the ductal system and stimulating saliva production.

Objective: To assess the dental status of pediatric population in Kursk and Zheleznogorsk district and correlation with the functional area of residence.

Material and methods: The study involved 425 patients from 6 to 15 years old, living in regions of different radius from the Mikhailovsky Mining and Processing Plant: proximity of residence 10-30 km (n₁ - group 1); 31-50 km (n₂ - group 2); more than 50 km - comparison group (n₃). Age subgroups were identified within the groups: children with early mixed bite aged 6-8 years (n₁=45, n₂=41, n₃=46), children with late mixed bite aged 9-12 years (n₁=48, n₂=46, n³=50), children with permanent bite aged 13-15 years (n₁=50, n₂=48, n₃=51).

Results: The prevalence of caries among children is high (n₂ - 89.73%; n₃ - 89.12%). In the industrial risk zone, this indicator reaches 90.24%. For children of 6-8 years, there was a significant increase in the intensity of the carious process within the designated living areas: DMFT+df n₁=5.6 [5.4-5.8] (p<0.001) and n₂=5.4 [5.0-5.6] (p=0.0016) exceeds the median value of the comparison group 5.0 [4.7-5.1]. The level of caries resistance was also reduced with 95% probability for patients of Zheleznogorsk district: n₁ - 6.1 [5.8; 6.3] (p=0.0014) and n₂ - 5.9 [5.4;6.1] (p<0.001).There were no statistically significant differences in children of secondary school age and adolescence with the control group, but a negative trend was identified.

Conclusion: The results obtained demonstrate changes in the dental status of children living near an industrially active area, which is a prerequisite for careful monitoring of their health status.