Stomatologiya最新文献

A study of the scientific literature on the topographical and anatomical features of the mandibular canal (canalis mandibulae) has been conducted with the priority of searching for classical dissection anatomical experiments. Scientific achievements of recent years have been identified: the microstructure of bone walls throughout the canal has been studied, the intracanal functional organization of the neurovascular bundle has been studied, variants of the position of the inferior alveolar artery in relation to the inferior alveolar nerve have been studied, and the microcirculatory bed has been studied. The features of the anatomy of the mandibular canal in the pathology of tumor growth of benign cavities of the jaws and inflammatory diseases of the jaws, as well as the anatomy of the canal in its close proximity to the roots of the third molars, remain poorly understood. The scientific novelty is the study of the shape, diameter and length of the canal at the level of pathological formations of the jaws, as well as options for lysis of the bone walls of the canal in dental pathology and developmental disorders of the mandible.

Objective: The aim of the study is differential diagnosis of primary chronic osteomyelitis (PCO) and fibrous dysplasia (FD) of the mandible.

Material and methods: A retrospective comparative study of the case histories of 36 patients with PCO (average age 8.9 years) and 12 patients with FD (average age 8.5 years) who were treated at the Department of Maxillofacial surgery of the RCCH in the period from 2015 to 2023 was conducted. The features of clinical manifestations were evaluated: pain, swelling of soft tissues, trismus of the masticatory muscles, bone deformity, numbness of the lips, increased skin temperature in the area of lesions. The condition of the bone structures was assessed according to both panoramic radiographs and computed tomography (CT) scans. The bone structure, involvement of the condyle of the mandible, tooth displacement, displacement and width of the mandibular canal were evaluated.

Results: Both study groups were dominated by girls (PCO 1:2.6; FD 1:1) and unilateral jaw lesion (PCO 1:1.31; PD 1:1.4). Patients with PCO mainly complained of pain (94.4%), soft tissue edema (100.0%) and masticatory muscle trismus (100%), while patients with FD had no pain and an increase in volume of bone (83.3%) without trismus. Computed tomography of patients with PCO showed the formation of the subcortical bone, lysis of the cortical layer, dilation of the mandibular canal on the affected side, whereas in patients with FD, moderate or pronounced bone swelling, a well-defined cortical layer, displacement of teeth and the mandibular canal from the node of FD were mainly observed.

Conclusion: The data obtained emphasize the importance of clinical and radiological signs in various diseases. Pain, edema, formation of the subcostal bone, unilateral expansion of the mandibular canal, the clarity of the boundary of the cortical and medulla and the continuity of the cortical bone are the key points allowing for the differential diagnosis of these conditions.

Mandibular canal walls bone defects in the area of impacted teeth and follicular cysts can be a predisposing factor for inferior alveolar nerve injury during surgical intervention, followed paresthesia development. The aim of the study is to optimize surgical treatment of mandible bone defects involving mandibular canal to reduce the level of neurological complications.

Material and methods: The treatment of 49 patients with follicular cysts of the jaws in the area of the lower third molars was performed. The presence of a cyst cavity that projects onto or displaces the mandibular canal was the main criterion for inclusion in the study group. Based on CBCT and video endoscopy data, bone defects and mandibular canal structure of the within the boundaries of cavity formations of different volumes was determined.

Results: Three types of bone defects in the mandibular canal were identified, which are important in choosing surgical treatment approaches. In 18.0% of cases (in 9 patients out of 49), according to CBCT, the mandibular canal did not have bone walls at the border of the cyst. The video-endoscopic examination allowed us to assess the completeness of the tooth extraction and cystectomy in each case. In particular, when examining the socket of the extracted tooth, we found fragments of roots and alveolar fragments, which were removed under the control of the endoscope. Flexible endoscope light was sufficient to examine the entire area of the jaw defect and take measurements. The actual size of bone defects measured under the control of an endoscope was 22.0% (p<0.01) smaller than the measurements based on CBCT data. The incidence of postoperative paresthesia was 25%.

Conclusion: Video-endoscopic examination during cystectomy and tooth extraction allows for the assessment of bone defects in the mandibular canal and the integrity of the neurovascular bundle.

The healing process at the osteotomy site can result in visible mandibular contour irregularities, compromising aesthetic outcomes and requiring secondary corrective procedures. This study provides a literature review on the risk factors for mandibular notching following bilateral sagittal split osteotomy (BSSO) while also proposing an original preventative technique.

Background: The most relevant parameters of teeth bleaching systems are their pH value and the concentration of the peroxide compound as the basic active component.

Objective: The aim of this study was to examine the pH parameter of available bleaching systems to predict the possible risk of enamel demineralization and the occurrence of increased sensitivity of hard dental tissues during and after clinical and home bleaching procedures. A total of 26 different materials were studied in the work.

Materials and methods: The studies were carried out on samples of bleaching systems that have a valid expiration date, proper storage and transportation in the Testing Laboratory Center of the Federal Institution of Healthcare "Center for Hygiene and Epidemiology" in Moscow in the period 2022-2024. For measurements, a laboratory pH meter "Anion 4100" was used, which allows measuring the activity of hydrogen ions (pH) and the oxidation-reduction potential Eh (mV). Measurements for each sample taken by us were made at the initial pH, after mixing the system components together, and also after the application time recommended by the manufacturer, in order to understand the stability of the pH change during the procedure.

Results: The results of testing the bleaching systems presented on the Russian market showed that their pH level was determined within the normal range, no critical values were identified.

Conclusion: In clinical practice, the technical parameters of peroxide gels are critically important, first of all, acidity, and secondly, concentration, which will significantly affect the patient's comfort during the procedure and the occurrence of sensitivity of hard dental tissues. Obviously, the lower the concentration of the peroxide compound and the lower its acidity, the higher the chances of comfortable and painless clinical bleaching.

Objective: Study of cytocompatibility of hydroxyapatite coating for titanium implants applied by high-frequency magnetron sputtering at low pressures in an inert gas atmosphere.

Materials and methods: Hydroxyapatite was deposited on titanium substrates using the HF magnetron sputtering method. The cytocompatibility of the materials was assessed by incubating with multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) using the MTT assay. Adhesion properties were studied by staining cells with fluorescent dyes and using scanning electron microscopy.

Results: The studied titanium materials possess high cytocompatibility. The number of living cells on the 7th day was 100.0±5.6% and 108.5±8.7% for materials with and without coating, respectively. Furthermore, coating titanium substrates with hydroxyapatite resulted in a statistically significant 1.7±0.4-fold increase in the number of adhered MSCs compared to uncoated materials.

Conclusion: The hydroxyapatite coating applied using HF magnetron sputtering significantly improves cell adhesion to titanium materials. Thus, the obtained results provide a basis for the development of new implants with functionalized surfaces.

The favorable course of postoperative healing is a crucial stage in surgical treatment and a significant factor in achieving successful outcomes. The rehabilitation of patients with cleft lip and palate also depends on various other factors. To a great extent, the success of treatment depends on an integrated approach that includes both surgical interventions and subsequent rehabilitation measures. Wound healing of oral mucosal tissues has specific characteristics, and therefore, when choosing wound dressings, it is essential to consider the environment and the nature of the wound healing process. It has been observed that the correction of palatal defects in patients following a series of surgeries for clefts is further complicated by the scarring of palatal tissues. The main objectives of modern wound dressings are to protect and stimulate regenerative processes in the surgical site. We have successfully developed and tested a novel wound dressing based on alginate sodium that is designed to stimulate tissue regeneration in individuals with pathology in the maxillofacial area and a complicated wound healing process, particularly those with pronounced scarring of the hard palate that is common in this patient group.

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has emerged as one of the most significant innovations in dentistry, enabling the efficient analysis of large volumes of data and enhancing the quality of diagnosis and treatment.

The aim of this study: Is to conduct a systematic review of the existing literature related to the application of AI in dental imaging. T.

Materials and methods: The study included works where AI was used for the analysis of dental images, with a focus on deep learning methods and convolutional neural networks. The search was conducted in six leading databases, including PubMed, IEEE Xplore and others.

Results: AI significantly improves the accuracy of diagnosing dental conditions, such as caries and periodontitis, and promotes a more personalized approach to patient treatment. However, existing studies are often limited by small data sets, highlighting the need for further research.

Conclusion: AI has the potential to greatly enhance dental practice, but its full integration into clinical practice requires additional studies. The legal regulation of AI use is also an important aspect to consider.

The article presents the results of an analysis of the legislative framework and regulatory legal framework for the requirements for maintaining medical records in dental medical organizations, as well as information obtained in the process of studying records in medical records of a dental patient in dental medical organizations of state, municipal and private health systems.