Pub Date : 2020-09-23DOI: 10.22439/CJAS.V38I1.6064
Skvirskaja Vera, Trine Brox
{"title":"On Changes and Legacies - Rethinking ‘Asia’ and ‘Copenhagen’","authors":"Skvirskaja Vera, Trine Brox","doi":"10.22439/CJAS.V38I1.6064","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22439/CJAS.V38I1.6064","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":35904,"journal":{"name":"Copenhagen Journal of Asian Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42472451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-23DOI: 10.22439/CJAS.V38I1.6061
B. Sørensen
This article examines how China’s Communist Party (CCP) sought to justify its policies fostering inequality at the urban factory floor in the early years after Mao’s death through publications in the People’s Daily. The article focuses on three issues that emerged frequently in the newspaper: the increased prevalence of incentive wages, the abolishment of life-time employment for workers and the evolving discourse related to worker influence at their workplace. The article shows that the People’s Daily did not simply seek to persuade the public that the reforms were compatible with socialism, the newspaper also took great care to showcase which kinds of behaviours and emotions would be appropriate for the new working subject. The CCP’s dedication to reforming the population through the press makes the People’s Daily an excellent source for tracking norm intransigence on the part of the population. Based on the observation that the CCP sought to legitimate policies ending employment security many years before such policies were adopted, the article also suggests that public opinion had a direct influence on the timing of the
{"title":"The Beginning of the End for the Chinese Proletariat","authors":"B. Sørensen","doi":"10.22439/CJAS.V38I1.6061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22439/CJAS.V38I1.6061","url":null,"abstract":"This article examines how China’s Communist Party (CCP) sought to justify its policies fostering inequality at the urban factory floor in the early years after Mao’s death through publications in the People’s Daily. The article focuses on three issues that emerged frequently in the newspaper: the increased prevalence of incentive wages, the abolishment of life-time employment for workers and the evolving discourse related to worker influence at their workplace. The article shows that the People’s Daily did not simply seek to persuade the public that the reforms were compatible with socialism, the newspaper also took great care to showcase which kinds of behaviours and emotions would be appropriate for the new working subject. The CCP’s dedication to reforming the population through the press makes the People’s Daily an excellent source for tracking norm intransigence on the part of the population. Based on the observation that the CCP sought to legitimate policies ending employment security many years before such policies were adopted, the article also suggests that public opinion had a direct influence on the timing of the","PeriodicalId":35904,"journal":{"name":"Copenhagen Journal of Asian Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48756950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-05-20DOI: 10.22439/cjas.v38i1.6059
M. Marsden
Historians increasingly analyse the cultural diversity of life in the Afro-Eurasian arena of ‘Muslim dominion’ in terms of its cosmopolitanism. By contrast, critical scholarship has recently brought attention to declining levels of religious diversity in present-day Muslim Asia – a term that refers to Asia’s Muslim-majority population zones. This article, by contrast, explores the ongoing legacy of urban cosmopolitanism in Muslim Asia. It focuses on a small but lively community of Jews from the Afghan cities of Kabul and Herat, and does so in comparison to a considerably larger community of Jews from formerly Soviet Central Asian Republics, especially Uzbekistan and Tajikistan, who identify themselves as ‘Bukharan’. Investigating ethnographic material relating to Afghan and Bukharan Jewish communities based in New York, the article sheds light an alternative and ongoing history of cosmopolitanism in Muslim Asia. More broadly, it also argues that field research amongst migrant and diasporic communities from Muslim Asia living in the West can offer important insights into the afterlives of the region’s historic cities.
{"title":"The Alternative Histories of Muslim Asia’s Urban Centres: De-Cosmopolitanisation and Beyond","authors":"M. Marsden","doi":"10.22439/cjas.v38i1.6059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22439/cjas.v38i1.6059","url":null,"abstract":"Historians increasingly analyse the cultural diversity of life in the Afro-Eurasian arena of ‘Muslim dominion’ in terms of its cosmopolitanism. By contrast, critical scholarship has recently brought attention to declining levels of religious diversity in present-day Muslim Asia – a term that refers to Asia’s Muslim-majority population zones. This article, by contrast, explores the ongoing legacy of urban cosmopolitanism in Muslim Asia. It focuses on a small but lively community of Jews from the Afghan cities of Kabul and Herat, and does so in comparison to a considerably larger community of Jews from formerly Soviet Central Asian Republics, especially Uzbekistan and Tajikistan, who identify themselves as ‘Bukharan’. Investigating ethnographic material relating to Afghan and Bukharan Jewish communities based in New York, the article sheds light an alternative and ongoing history of cosmopolitanism in Muslim Asia. More broadly, it also argues that field research amongst migrant and diasporic communities from Muslim Asia living in the West can offer important insights into the afterlives of the region’s historic cities.","PeriodicalId":35904,"journal":{"name":"Copenhagen Journal of Asian Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48159104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-07DOI: 10.22439/cjas.v37i1.5906
Y. Chan
In recent years, China has sought to extend its Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) from Central Asia and Southeast Asia to Africa. This article argues that Chinese officials, aided by Chinese maritime archaeologists, journalists and researchers, have used discourses of heritage and history as a form of soft padding to justify China's infrastructure projects in Africa. Zheng He, a Ming dynasty admiral, who had allegedly visited East Africa in four of his seven famous voyages across the Indian Ocean, is particularly important in China's narrative of its historical relations with Africa. The details of Zheng He's engagement with Africa remain contested by historians, especially those in Western academia. The Chinese government thus supports 'sub-initiatives' of heritage and history construction, namely maritime archaeology, travel journalism and student fellowships, to substantiate the legacy of Zheng He in Africa. By suggesting that China and Africa also share the legacy of having been exploited, humiliated and victimized by European colonial powers, Chinese intellectuals have fashioned the BRI into an anti-imperialist discourse for acceptance by their African counterparts.
{"title":"Zheng He Remains in Africa","authors":"Y. Chan","doi":"10.22439/cjas.v37i1.5906","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22439/cjas.v37i1.5906","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, China has sought to extend its Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) from Central Asia and Southeast Asia to Africa. This article argues that Chinese officials, aided by Chinese maritime archaeologists, journalists and researchers, have used discourses of heritage and history as a form of soft padding to justify China's infrastructure projects in Africa. Zheng He, a Ming dynasty admiral, who had allegedly visited East Africa in four of his seven famous voyages across the Indian Ocean, is particularly important in China's narrative of its historical relations with Africa. The details of Zheng He's engagement with Africa remain contested by historians, especially those in Western academia. The Chinese government thus supports 'sub-initiatives' of heritage and history construction, namely maritime archaeology, travel journalism and student fellowships, to substantiate the legacy of Zheng He in Africa. By suggesting that China and Africa also share the legacy of having been exploited, humiliated and victimized by European colonial powers, Chinese intellectuals have fashioned the BRI into an anti-imperialist discourse for acceptance by their African counterparts.","PeriodicalId":35904,"journal":{"name":"Copenhagen Journal of Asian Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43403665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-07DOI: 10.22439/cjas.v37i1.5907
Chin Yee Whah
This article describes and explains the evolution of Malaysia's locally owned banks in a series of mergers and acquisitions within national borders and beyond. It argues that state intervention, external economic and financial crises and the liberalization of the financial sector have compelled the consolidation of local banks in Malaysia. The consolidation process has resulted in the increased size of state-owned banks, decreased the number of local Chinese-owned banks and seen a decline in family shareholding in the remaining Chinese-controlled banks. Through regional expansion both Chinese-controlled and stateowned operations have become large-scale regionally based banking groups or global banks, deepening the financial integration in ASEAN countries.
{"title":"State Intervention, Globalization and the Evolution of Malaysian Banks' Identities","authors":"Chin Yee Whah","doi":"10.22439/cjas.v37i1.5907","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22439/cjas.v37i1.5907","url":null,"abstract":"This article describes and explains the evolution of Malaysia's locally owned banks in a series of mergers and acquisitions within national borders and beyond. It argues that state intervention, external economic and financial crises and the liberalization of the financial sector have compelled the consolidation of local banks in Malaysia. The consolidation process has resulted in the increased size of state-owned banks, decreased the number of local Chinese-owned banks and seen a decline in family shareholding in the remaining Chinese-controlled banks. Through regional expansion both Chinese-controlled and stateowned operations have become large-scale regionally based banking groups or global banks, deepening the financial integration in ASEAN countries.","PeriodicalId":35904,"journal":{"name":"Copenhagen Journal of Asian Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43853890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-07DOI: 10.22439/cjas.v37i1.5903
Kjeld Erik Brødsgaard
{"title":"The Copenhagen Journal of Asian Studies returns to Copenhagen University","authors":"Kjeld Erik Brødsgaard","doi":"10.22439/cjas.v37i1.5903","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22439/cjas.v37i1.5903","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":35904,"journal":{"name":"Copenhagen Journal of Asian Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46758798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-07DOI: 10.22439/cjas.v37i1.5904
Hongyi Lai
Statistical tests are conducted on two explanations of soft power. One is Joseph Nye’s argument that political values, foreign policy, and cultural appeals shape soft power, and the other is the positive peace argument which suggests the significant effect of the Global Peace Index (GPI) on soft power. Two measures of soft power are employed—the favorability of major powers in global public opinion polls and the Soft Power 30 index. The latter gauges the magnitude of soft power. When the former measure which indicates the positiveness of soft power is adopted, the three soft power resources provide less explanatory power than per capita GDP and especially the GPI. When the Soft Power 30 index is used, only foreign policy independent of the US contributes positively to soft power. The GPI and non-soft-power related cultural exports (NSPCE) take on a negative role because a number of nations in the index achieved very high rankings with a relatively poor GPI or small NSPCE.
{"title":"Soft Power Determinants in the World and Implications for China","authors":"Hongyi Lai","doi":"10.22439/cjas.v37i1.5904","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22439/cjas.v37i1.5904","url":null,"abstract":"Statistical tests are conducted on two explanations of soft power. One is Joseph Nye’s argument that political values, foreign policy, and cultural appeals shape soft power, and the other is the positive peace argument which suggests the significant effect of the Global Peace Index (GPI) on soft power. Two measures of soft power are employed—the favorability of major powers in global public opinion polls and the Soft Power 30 index. The latter gauges the magnitude of soft power. When the former measure which indicates the positiveness of soft power is adopted, the three soft power resources provide less explanatory power than per capita GDP and especially the GPI. When the Soft Power 30 index is used, only foreign policy independent of the US contributes positively to soft power. The GPI and non-soft-power related cultural exports (NSPCE) take on a negative role because a number of nations in the index achieved very high rankings with a relatively poor GPI or small NSPCE.","PeriodicalId":35904,"journal":{"name":"Copenhagen Journal of Asian Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43260344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-07DOI: 10.22439/cjas.v37i1.5908
J. Reyes, K. Ayo, Maria Baluyan, Alan Balaguer
The importance of indigenous knowledge in reducing risk from disasters andnatural calamities has been widely discussed in the social sciences by scholarsarguing for integrative frameworks and participatory processes. This type ofknowledge is vital for archipelagic developing countries, such as the Philippines, situated in a geographical area exposed to natural hazards. However, despite itspotential contribution to disaster prevention, mitigation, response, rehabilitationand recovery, along with possible combination strategies with western scientificknowledge towards reducing vulnerability and disaster risk management, theliterature on the integration of specific communities' indigenous knowledgebaseddisaster preparedness and adaptation is still limited. The novel contributionof this article is in the discussion of the unique indigenous knowledgeidentified in the cases of San Miguel Island, Camotes Island and Alabat Island, which is utilized even up to the present. Particularly, this study identifies substantialaspects of indigenous knowledge that contribute to disaster risk reductionin the three selected cases. Findings reveal myriad indigenous knowledgepertaining to intensity, height, direction and movement of ocean waves; intensityof winds; sudden surfacing of deep-sea creatures and unease of animals; differentpatterns of clouds, darkening of skies and foggy horizons, among others. In closely examining indigenous knowledge, this study sheds new light byproviding meaningful insights for its contribution to disaster preparedness. (Less)
{"title":"Indigenous Knowledge in Disaster Risk Reduction","authors":"J. Reyes, K. Ayo, Maria Baluyan, Alan Balaguer","doi":"10.22439/cjas.v37i1.5908","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22439/cjas.v37i1.5908","url":null,"abstract":"The importance of indigenous knowledge in reducing risk from disasters andnatural calamities has been widely discussed in the social sciences by scholarsarguing for integrative frameworks and participatory processes. This type ofknowledge is vital for archipelagic developing countries, such as the Philippines, situated in a geographical area exposed to natural hazards. However, despite itspotential contribution to disaster prevention, mitigation, response, rehabilitationand recovery, along with possible combination strategies with western scientificknowledge towards reducing vulnerability and disaster risk management, theliterature on the integration of specific communities' indigenous knowledgebaseddisaster preparedness and adaptation is still limited. The novel contributionof this article is in the discussion of the unique indigenous knowledgeidentified in the cases of San Miguel Island, Camotes Island and Alabat Island, which is utilized even up to the present. Particularly, this study identifies substantialaspects of indigenous knowledge that contribute to disaster risk reductionin the three selected cases. Findings reveal myriad indigenous knowledgepertaining to intensity, height, direction and movement of ocean waves; intensityof winds; sudden surfacing of deep-sea creatures and unease of animals; differentpatterns of clouds, darkening of skies and foggy horizons, among others. In closely examining indigenous knowledge, this study sheds new light byproviding meaningful insights for its contribution to disaster preparedness. (Less)","PeriodicalId":35904,"journal":{"name":"Copenhagen Journal of Asian Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43715041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-07DOI: 10.22439/cjas.v37i1.5905
Kerry Liu
On 18 February 2019, China released the 'Development Plan Outline for the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area (GBA)'. This study presents the most up-to-date analysis on the GBA, including its history, importance and institutional arrangement; its significance vis-à-vis the integration of Hong Kong and Macau to China, to the One Belt One Road initiative, to the Made in China 2025 plan and to China's wider economic growth; and offers a prediction on the GBA's future and the challenges ahead.
{"title":"China's Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area: A Primer","authors":"Kerry Liu","doi":"10.22439/cjas.v37i1.5905","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22439/cjas.v37i1.5905","url":null,"abstract":"On 18 February 2019, China released the 'Development Plan Outline for the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area (GBA)'. This study presents the most up-to-date analysis on the GBA, including its history, importance and institutional arrangement; its significance vis-à-vis the integration of Hong Kong and Macau to China, to the One Belt One Road initiative, to the Made in China 2025 plan and to China's wider economic growth; and offers a prediction on the GBA's future and the challenges ahead.","PeriodicalId":35904,"journal":{"name":"Copenhagen Journal of Asian Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41307880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-02-15DOI: 10.22439/CJAS.V36I2.5649
Wei Lu
This article demonstrates how the development of labour market institutions alongside economic reform has impacted the human resource management (HRM) practices of foreign companies in China. A historical approach is applied to examine the transformation of China from a centrally planned labour administration system to a market-based labour institution. The HRM practices of foreign companies are seen being embedded in China's macro-institutional environment, which constrains and/or enables foreign companies to exercise people management. Drawing on previous research, the study shows that HRM practices in the early reform period were primarily constrained both by formal and by informal institutions. The evidence from Finnish companies operating in China shows that HRM practices in the late reform period are largely enabled by formal institutions; however, foreign companies face the need for adaptation to the demands of informal institutions. Furthermore, the scarcity of human resources and rapid yet heterogeneous socio-economic development pose additional challenges for people management in China today.
{"title":"Institutions as Constraints and Enablers: Changes in Human Resource Management Practices of Foreign Companies during Economic Reform in China","authors":"Wei Lu","doi":"10.22439/CJAS.V36I2.5649","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22439/CJAS.V36I2.5649","url":null,"abstract":"This article demonstrates how the development of labour market institutions alongside economic reform has impacted the human resource management (HRM) practices of foreign companies in China. A historical approach is applied to examine the transformation of China from a centrally planned labour administration system to a market-based labour institution. The HRM practices of foreign companies are seen being embedded in China's macro-institutional environment, which constrains and/or enables foreign companies to exercise people management. Drawing on previous research, the study shows that HRM practices in the early reform period were primarily constrained both by formal and by informal institutions. The evidence from Finnish companies operating in China shows that HRM practices in the late reform period are largely enabled by formal institutions; however, foreign companies face the need for adaptation to the demands of informal institutions. Furthermore, the scarcity of human resources and rapid yet heterogeneous socio-economic development pose additional challenges for people management in China today.","PeriodicalId":35904,"journal":{"name":"Copenhagen Journal of Asian Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42342955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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