Pub Date : 2017-03-22DOI: 10.22439/CJAS.V34I2.5310
Vaishali Singh
{"title":"Thomas Fingar (ed.), The New Great Game: China and South and Central Asia in the Era of Reform","authors":"Vaishali Singh","doi":"10.22439/CJAS.V34I2.5310","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22439/CJAS.V34I2.5310","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":35904,"journal":{"name":"Copenhagen Journal of Asian Studies","volume":"34 1","pages":"114-116"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47832968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-20Epub Date: 2016-12-02DOI: 10.1074/jbc.M116.739565
Zhichao Yan, Qi Fang, Yang Liu, Shan Xiao, Lei Yang, Fei Wang, Chunju An, John H Werren, Gongyin Ye
To ensure successful parasitism, parasitoid wasps inject venom along with their eggs into their hosts. The venom serves to suppress host immune responses, including melanization. Venom from Pteromalus puparum, a pupal endoparasitoid, inhibits melanization of host hemolymph in vitro in a dose-dependent manner. Using assay-guided fractionation, a serpin splicing isoform with phenoloxidase inhibitory activity was identified as P puparum serpin-1, venom isoform (PpS1V). This serpin gene has 16 predicted splicing isoforms that differ only in the C-terminal region. RT-PCR results show that the specific serpin isoform is differentially expressed in the venom gland. Recombinant PpS1V (rPpS1V) suppresses host prophenoloxidase (PPO) activation rather than inhibiting the phenoloxidase directly. Pulldown assays show that PpS1V forms complexes with two host hemolymph proteins, here named Pieris rapae hemolymph proteinase 8 (PrHP8) and P. rapae prophenoloxidase-activating proteinase 1 (PrPAP1), based on gene sequence blasting and phylogenetic analysis. The role of rPrPAP1 in the PPO activation cascade and its interaction with rPpS1V were confirmed. The stoichiometry of inhibition of PrPAP1 by PpS1V is 2.3. PpS1V also inhibits PPO activation in a non-natural host, Ostrinia furnacalis, through forming a complex with O. furnacalis serine protease 13 (OfSP13), an ortholog to PrPAP1. Our results identify a venom-enriched serpin isoform in P. puparum that inhibits host PPO activation, probably by forming a complex with host hemolymph proteinase PrPAP1.
{"title":"A Venom Serpin Splicing Isoform of the Endoparasitoid Wasp Pteromalus puparum Suppresses Host Prophenoloxidase Cascade by Forming Complexes with Host Hemolymph Proteinases.","authors":"Zhichao Yan, Qi Fang, Yang Liu, Shan Xiao, Lei Yang, Fei Wang, Chunju An, John H Werren, Gongyin Ye","doi":"10.1074/jbc.M116.739565","DOIUrl":"10.1074/jbc.M116.739565","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>To ensure successful parasitism, parasitoid wasps inject venom along with their eggs into their hosts. The venom serves to suppress host immune responses, including melanization. Venom from Pteromalus puparum, a pupal endoparasitoid, inhibits melanization of host hemolymph in vitro in a dose-dependent manner. Using assay-guided fractionation, a serpin splicing isoform with phenoloxidase inhibitory activity was identified as P puparum serpin-1, venom isoform (PpS1V). This serpin gene has 16 predicted splicing isoforms that differ only in the C-terminal region. RT-PCR results show that the specific serpin isoform is differentially expressed in the venom gland. Recombinant PpS1V (rPpS1V) suppresses host prophenoloxidase (PPO) activation rather than inhibiting the phenoloxidase directly. Pulldown assays show that PpS1V forms complexes with two host hemolymph proteins, here named Pieris rapae hemolymph proteinase 8 (PrHP8) and P. rapae prophenoloxidase-activating proteinase 1 (PrPAP1), based on gene sequence blasting and phylogenetic analysis. The role of rPrPAP1 in the PPO activation cascade and its interaction with rPpS1V were confirmed. The stoichiometry of inhibition of PrPAP1 by PpS1V is 2.3. PpS1V also inhibits PPO activation in a non-natural host, Ostrinia furnacalis, through forming a complex with O. furnacalis serine protease 13 (OfSP13), an ortholog to PrPAP1. Our results identify a venom-enriched serpin isoform in P. puparum that inhibits host PPO activation, probably by forming a complex with host hemolymph proteinase PrPAP1.</p>","PeriodicalId":35904,"journal":{"name":"Copenhagen Journal of Asian Studies","volume":"5 1","pages":"1038-1051"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5247638/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90560502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-10-27DOI: 10.22439/CJAS.V34I1.5186
J. K. Kirkegaard
This article presents a case study on the development of China's wind power market. As China's wind industry has experienced a quality crisis, the Chinese government has intervened to steer the industry towards a turn to quality, indicat-ing a pragmatist and experimental mode of market development. This increased focus on quality, to ensure the sustainable and scientific development of China's wind energy market, requires improved indigenous Chinese innovation capabili-ties in wind turbine technology. To shed light on how the turn to quality impacts upon the industry and global competition, this study adopts the micro-proces-sual, socio-technical, relational and empiricist lens of Science & Technology Stud-ies (STS). It illustrates how Sino-foreign collaborative relations around the core technology of software (in control systems and simulation tools) have become politicised, and how controversies unfold over issues associated with intellectual property rights (IPRs), certification and standardisation of software algorithms. The article concludes that the use of this STS lens makes a fresh contribution to the often path-dependent, structuralist and hierarchical China literature, offering instead a possibility- and agency-filled account that can shed light on the dynam-ics of China's fragmented governance and experimental market development.
{"title":"China's experimental pragmatics of \"Scientific development\" in wind power: Algorithmic struggles over software in wind turbines","authors":"J. K. Kirkegaard","doi":"10.22439/CJAS.V34I1.5186","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22439/CJAS.V34I1.5186","url":null,"abstract":"This article presents a case study on the development of China's wind power market. As China's wind industry has experienced a quality crisis, the Chinese government has intervened to steer the industry towards a turn to quality, indicat-ing a pragmatist and experimental mode of market development. This increased focus on quality, to ensure the sustainable and scientific development of China's wind energy market, requires improved indigenous Chinese innovation capabili-ties in wind turbine technology. To shed light on how the turn to quality impacts upon the industry and global competition, this study adopts the micro-proces-sual, socio-technical, relational and empiricist lens of Science & Technology Stud-ies (STS). It illustrates how Sino-foreign collaborative relations around the core technology of software (in control systems and simulation tools) have become politicised, and how controversies unfold over issues associated with intellectual property rights (IPRs), certification and standardisation of software algorithms. The article concludes that the use of this STS lens makes a fresh contribution to the often path-dependent, structuralist and hierarchical China literature, offering instead a possibility- and agency-filled account that can shed light on the dynam-ics of China's fragmented governance and experimental market development.","PeriodicalId":35904,"journal":{"name":"Copenhagen Journal of Asian Studies","volume":"23 1","pages":"5-24"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68578520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-10-27DOI: 10.22439/cjas.v34i1.5190
T. Rhoden
{"title":"Pasuk Phongpaichit, and Chris Baker, eds. Unequal Thailand: Aspects of Income, Wealth and Power","authors":"T. Rhoden","doi":"10.22439/cjas.v34i1.5190","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22439/cjas.v34i1.5190","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":35904,"journal":{"name":"Copenhagen Journal of Asian Studies","volume":"34 1","pages":"112-114"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68578663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-10-27DOI: 10.22439/CJAS.V34I1.5189
Tianjiao Jiang
This article discusses both the positive and negative effects of Japan's three nuclear strategies: nuclear hedging, nuclear breakout, and the Korea-Japan Nuclear Weapons Free Zone (KJNWFZ). Nuclear hedging has been the longest established strategy to protect Japan's national security but it will become increasingly unreliable in the coming decades. Nuclear breakout, an alternative strategy, is impractical due to its high costs. In comparison, this article argues that KJNWFZ is the ideal option for Japan's future nuclear strategy. However, in recent years, the Japanese government has maintained the status quo, despite the scale of anti-nuclear protest across the country following the Fukushima crisis. Civilian anti-nuclear does not effectively in-fluence nuclear strategy decision-making, due to a combination of national electoral politics, interests groups, the 'veto players' of the right-wing, and the broader regional security context. In conclusion, the nuclear hedging policy remains the accepted balance of interests supported by decision-makers.
{"title":"From Nuclear Hedging to Korea-Japan Nuclear Weapons Free Zone: Japan's Nuclear Options","authors":"Tianjiao Jiang","doi":"10.22439/CJAS.V34I1.5189","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22439/CJAS.V34I1.5189","url":null,"abstract":"This article discusses both the positive and negative effects of Japan's three nuclear strategies: nuclear hedging, nuclear breakout, and the Korea-Japan Nuclear Weapons Free Zone (KJNWFZ). Nuclear hedging has been the longest established strategy to protect Japan's national security but it will become increasingly unreliable in the coming decades. Nuclear breakout, an alternative strategy, is impractical due to its high costs. In comparison, this article argues that KJNWFZ is the ideal option for Japan's future nuclear strategy. However, in recent years, the Japanese government has maintained the status quo, despite the scale of anti-nuclear protest across the country following the Fukushima crisis. Civilian anti-nuclear does not effectively in-fluence nuclear strategy decision-making, due to a combination of national electoral politics, interests groups, the 'veto players' of the right-wing, and the broader regional security context. In conclusion, the nuclear hedging policy remains the accepted balance of interests supported by decision-makers.","PeriodicalId":35904,"journal":{"name":"Copenhagen Journal of Asian Studies","volume":"34 1","pages":"81-111"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68578659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-10-27DOI: 10.22439/cjas.v34i1.5192
L. Clausen, M. Keita
Biculturals are increasingly viewed as a resource in global business. They are effective in multicultural teams, they are great boundary spanners between corporate headquarters and their subsidiaries, and their abilities are acknowl-edged in cross-cultural leadership. This article aims to generate typologies that will help global businesses gain a clearer understanding of the competences that biculturals can offer them. This study explores biculturalism in two set-tings: business education and global corporations. What unique skills and abilities allow biculturals to take advantage of knowledge from two or more cultures? Do they perceive their skills as resources? And how does corporate experience harness bicultural competences? Surprisingly, this study showed that the bicultural students were not aware of their strengths and advantages. In contrast, the corporate study provided ample evidence of how bicultural abilities were acknowledged and leveraged in international business, once bilculturals were established in the workplace. This article presents a theoreti-cal matrix of bicultural competences, based on the concepts of frame switch-ing and meta-cognition. The matrix categories are: 1) bicultural dissonance, 2) bicultural thinking, 3) bicultural action and 4) bicultural competence.
{"title":"Bicultural Resourcefulness in Global Management: From Education to Corporate Collaboration","authors":"L. Clausen, M. Keita","doi":"10.22439/cjas.v34i1.5192","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22439/cjas.v34i1.5192","url":null,"abstract":"Biculturals are increasingly viewed as a resource in global business. They are effective in multicultural teams, they are great boundary spanners between corporate headquarters and their subsidiaries, and their abilities are acknowl-edged in cross-cultural leadership. This article aims to generate typologies that will help global businesses gain a clearer understanding of the competences that biculturals can offer them. This study explores biculturalism in two set-tings: business education and global corporations. What unique skills and abilities allow biculturals to take advantage of knowledge from two or more cultures? Do they perceive their skills as resources? And how does corporate experience harness bicultural competences? Surprisingly, this study showed that the bicultural students were not aware of their strengths and advantages. In contrast, the corporate study provided ample evidence of how bicultural abilities were acknowledged and leveraged in international business, once bilculturals were established in the workplace. This article presents a theoreti-cal matrix of bicultural competences, based on the concepts of frame switch-ing and meta-cognition. The matrix categories are: 1) bicultural dissonance, 2) bicultural thinking, 3) bicultural action and 4) bicultural competence.","PeriodicalId":35904,"journal":{"name":"Copenhagen Journal of Asian Studies","volume":"34 1","pages":"58-80"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68578678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-10-27DOI: 10.22439/CJAS.V34I1.5187
Carsten Herrmann-Pillath
This article argues in favour of the triangulation of emic and etic methods in the comparative study of culture, taking China as a case. Starting from an indig-enous theory of cultural comparisons, Fei Xiaotong's concepts of 'group pattern' (tuanti geju) versus 'differential pattern' (chaxu geju), I review the contemporary literature on 'collectivism' in social psychology and management sciences. The article shows that Fei anticipated major revisions of this concept, resulting into a multi-aspectual approach that distinguishes 'individualism', 'collectivism', 'vertical/horizontal relations' and 'relational/categorial embeddedness'. In this frame, Fei's characterisation of Chinese culture can be restated in terms of the aspects of 'individualism', 'relational embeddedness' and 'verticality'. I argue that Fei's anticipation of modern research may be rooted in a feedback of culture-bound cognition to theory formation. Taking Chinese networks and Chinese popular religion as examples, the validity of this approach is further confirmed.
{"title":"Fei Xiaotong's Comparative Theory of Chinese Culture: Its Relevance for Contemporary Cross-disciplinary Research on Chinese 'Collectivism'","authors":"Carsten Herrmann-Pillath","doi":"10.22439/CJAS.V34I1.5187","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22439/CJAS.V34I1.5187","url":null,"abstract":"This article argues in favour of the triangulation of emic and etic methods in the comparative study of culture, taking China as a case. Starting from an indig-enous theory of cultural comparisons, Fei Xiaotong's concepts of 'group pattern' (tuanti geju) versus 'differential pattern' (chaxu geju), I review the contemporary literature on 'collectivism' in social psychology and management sciences. The article shows that Fei anticipated major revisions of this concept, resulting into a multi-aspectual approach that distinguishes 'individualism', 'collectivism', 'vertical/horizontal relations' and 'relational/categorial embeddedness'. In this frame, Fei's characterisation of Chinese culture can be restated in terms of the aspects of 'individualism', 'relational embeddedness' and 'verticality'. I argue that Fei's anticipation of modern research may be rooted in a feedback of culture-bound cognition to theory formation. Taking Chinese networks and Chinese popular religion as examples, the validity of this approach is further confirmed.","PeriodicalId":35904,"journal":{"name":"Copenhagen Journal of Asian Studies","volume":"34 1","pages":"25-57"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68578595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-10-27DOI: 10.22439/CJAS.V34I1.5191
Kjeld Erik Brødsgaard
{"title":"Arthur R. Kroeber. China's Economy: What Everyone Needs to Know","authors":"Kjeld Erik Brødsgaard","doi":"10.22439/CJAS.V34I1.5191","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22439/CJAS.V34I1.5191","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":35904,"journal":{"name":"Copenhagen Journal of Asian Studies","volume":"34 1","pages":"115-116"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68578669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-01-06DOI: 10.22439/CJAS.V33I2.4971
Victoria Kravstova
{"title":"Sébastien Lechevalier (ed.), The Great Transformation of Japanese Capitalism","authors":"Victoria Kravstova","doi":"10.22439/CJAS.V33I2.4971","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22439/CJAS.V33I2.4971","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":35904,"journal":{"name":"Copenhagen Journal of Asian Studies","volume":"33 1","pages":"113-115"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68578462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-01-06DOI: 10.22439/CJAS.V33I2.4970
E. Raju
{"title":"Ian Davis (ed.), Disaster Risk Management in Asia and the Pacific","authors":"E. Raju","doi":"10.22439/CJAS.V33I2.4970","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22439/CJAS.V33I2.4970","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":35904,"journal":{"name":"Copenhagen Journal of Asian Studies","volume":"33 1","pages":"111-112"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68578408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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