Pub Date : 2021-03-16DOI: 10.1080/10168737.2021.1901763
Sanjeev Vasudevan, Suresh Babu Manalaya
This study examines the effects of the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) on global production sharing and trade in parts and components. With a panel dataset of disaggregated bilateral exports of EAEU members and 28 partners, we estimate an augmented gravity model for 2010–2017. To mitigate endogeneity issues, we employ the Hausman and Taylor Estimator. The study has two important findings. First, there are significant trade diversion effects on the exports of parts and components. Second, the formation of EAEU has resulted in a reduction in intra-bloc exports. In addition to these, we find that market size, inter-country differentials of income, business-friendly climate, and cultural similarities are the other significant determinants of bilateral trade. Based on the empirical analysis, we propose that the EAEU normalise the Common External Tariff below the current level to minimise trade diversion.
{"title":"Trade Effects of Eurasian Economic Union and Global Production Sharing: A Gravity Analysis","authors":"Sanjeev Vasudevan, Suresh Babu Manalaya","doi":"10.1080/10168737.2021.1901763","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10168737.2021.1901763","url":null,"abstract":"This study examines the effects of the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) on global production sharing and trade in parts and components. With a panel dataset of disaggregated bilateral exports of EAEU members and 28 partners, we estimate an augmented gravity model for 2010–2017. To mitigate endogeneity issues, we employ the Hausman and Taylor Estimator. The study has two important findings. First, there are significant trade diversion effects on the exports of parts and components. Second, the formation of EAEU has resulted in a reduction in intra-bloc exports. In addition to these, we find that market size, inter-country differentials of income, business-friendly climate, and cultural similarities are the other significant determinants of bilateral trade. Based on the empirical analysis, we propose that the EAEU normalise the Common External Tariff below the current level to minimise trade diversion.","PeriodicalId":35933,"journal":{"name":"INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC JOURNAL","volume":"41 1","pages":"223 - 241"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10168737.2021.1901763","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59859877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-02DOI: 10.1080/10168737.2020.1858323
Ibrahim Ngouhouo, Tii N. Nchofoung, A. A. Njamen Kengdo
ABSTRACT This paper aims to analyse the determinants of trade openness in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) countries focusing on the role play by domestic institutions. To achieve this, the Generalized Methods of Moments (GMM) is carried out on 36 SSA countries over the period 1996-2017. The results of our estimation reveal that domestic institutions as a composite index determines trade openness as a composite share of Squalli and Wilson (2011). In addition, government effectiveness, Regulatory quality and rule of law were all enhancing on trade openness. Moreover, access to sea, foreign direct investment, and trade openness lagged by one period all significantly determine trade openness in our estimations, with all these effects positive. When trade share was considered as a robustness check, inflation and population growth were further found to be significantly determine trade openness, whereas GDP per capital was significantly trade enhancing. This result was robust to alternative institutional measures and sensitive to the choices of countries and sample periods considered. The policy implications of study engaged the different states of SSA to focus on improving the quality of their domestic institutions in elaborating their international trade policies.
{"title":"Determinants of Trade Openness in Sub-Saharan Africa: Do Institutions Matter?","authors":"Ibrahim Ngouhouo, Tii N. Nchofoung, A. A. Njamen Kengdo","doi":"10.1080/10168737.2020.1858323","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10168737.2020.1858323","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This paper aims to analyse the determinants of trade openness in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) countries focusing on the role play by domestic institutions. To achieve this, the Generalized Methods of Moments (GMM) is carried out on 36 SSA countries over the period 1996-2017. The results of our estimation reveal that domestic institutions as a composite index determines trade openness as a composite share of Squalli and Wilson (2011). In addition, government effectiveness, Regulatory quality and rule of law were all enhancing on trade openness. Moreover, access to sea, foreign direct investment, and trade openness lagged by one period all significantly determine trade openness in our estimations, with all these effects positive. When trade share was considered as a robustness check, inflation and population growth were further found to be significantly determine trade openness, whereas GDP per capital was significantly trade enhancing. This result was robust to alternative institutional measures and sensitive to the choices of countries and sample periods considered. The policy implications of study engaged the different states of SSA to focus on improving the quality of their domestic institutions in elaborating their international trade policies.","PeriodicalId":35933,"journal":{"name":"INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC JOURNAL","volume":"35 1","pages":"96 - 119"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10168737.2020.1858323","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46779378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-02DOI: 10.1080/10168737.2020.1870524
Manel Youssef, Khaled Mokni
This paper investigates the impact of oil price shocks on the world food prices. We use the structural VAR model to disentangle oil price shocks into supply, aggregate demand, and oil-specific demand-driven shocks. Moreover, we employ a new approach based on the Markov regime-switching quantile regression (MRS-QR) model to investigate the response of food prices to different oil price shocks. Based on monthly data from 1992 to 2018, results show that the reaction of food prices to different structural oil shocks depends on the oil price regimes and varies in significance, sign, and size throughout the food market conditions. Besides, the increases in regression coefficients and smoothed probability during food and oil crisis periods confirm the existence of contagion effects between oil and food markets. Moreover, we find that the supply and aggregate demand shocks do not show a strong contribution to the presence of this phenomenon. Conversely, oil-specific demand shocks represent the main factor that contributes to contagion between oil and food markets.
{"title":"On the Nonlinear Impact of Oil Price Shocks on the World Food Prices Under Different Markets Conditions","authors":"Manel Youssef, Khaled Mokni","doi":"10.1080/10168737.2020.1870524","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10168737.2020.1870524","url":null,"abstract":"This paper investigates the impact of oil price shocks on the world food prices. We use the structural VAR model to disentangle oil price shocks into supply, aggregate demand, and oil-specific demand-driven shocks. Moreover, we employ a new approach based on the Markov regime-switching quantile regression (MRS-QR) model to investigate the response of food prices to different oil price shocks. Based on monthly data from 1992 to 2018, results show that the reaction of food prices to different structural oil shocks depends on the oil price regimes and varies in significance, sign, and size throughout the food market conditions. Besides, the increases in regression coefficients and smoothed probability during food and oil crisis periods confirm the existence of contagion effects between oil and food markets. Moreover, we find that the supply and aggregate demand shocks do not show a strong contribution to the presence of this phenomenon. Conversely, oil-specific demand shocks represent the main factor that contributes to contagion between oil and food markets.","PeriodicalId":35933,"journal":{"name":"INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC JOURNAL","volume":"35 1","pages":"73 - 95"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10168737.2020.1870524","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44363372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-02DOI: 10.1080/10168737.2020.1868739
{"title":"Retraction: How Can Public Education Spending Affects Moroccan and Tunisian GDP per Capita? ARDL Approach","authors":"","doi":"10.1080/10168737.2020.1868739","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10168737.2020.1868739","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":35933,"journal":{"name":"INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC JOURNAL","volume":"35 1","pages":"139 - 139"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10168737.2020.1868739","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43583106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-02DOI: 10.1080/10168737.2020.1870523
Emmanuel K. K. Lartey, Getachew Nigatu
This paper analyzes the link between remittances and the growth of manufacturing value-added (MVA) and explores whether the quality of institutions and exchange rate policy matter for the dynamics of the relationship in sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries. The findings suggest that when the level of financial development is accounted for, remittances have a positive impact on MVA. The standalone effect of remittances on MVA is, however, negative. The results also suggest that there is a positive influence of exchange rate flexibility on the dynamics between remittances and MVA. Furthermore, improvement in the business environment seems to matter for the performance of the manufacturing sector, but it is not significant to the dynamics between remittances and MVA. The development of the financial sector, on that account, emerges as an important factor influencing the impact of remittances on the growth of the manufacturing sector in SSA countries.
{"title":"Remittances and manufacturing sector growth in sub-Saharan Africa","authors":"Emmanuel K. K. Lartey, Getachew Nigatu","doi":"10.1080/10168737.2020.1870523","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10168737.2020.1870523","url":null,"abstract":"This paper analyzes the link between remittances and the growth of manufacturing value-added (MVA) and explores whether the quality of institutions and exchange rate policy matter for the dynamics of the relationship in sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries. The findings suggest that when the level of financial development is accounted for, remittances have a positive impact on MVA. The standalone effect of remittances on MVA is, however, negative. The results also suggest that there is a positive influence of exchange rate flexibility on the dynamics between remittances and MVA. Furthermore, improvement in the business environment seems to matter for the performance of the manufacturing sector, but it is not significant to the dynamics between remittances and MVA. The development of the financial sector, on that account, emerges as an important factor influencing the impact of remittances on the growth of the manufacturing sector in SSA countries.","PeriodicalId":35933,"journal":{"name":"INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC JOURNAL","volume":"35 1","pages":"120 - 138"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10168737.2020.1870523","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48176367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-02DOI: 10.1080/10168737.2020.1870522
K. Türkcan, Hulya Saygili
ABSTRACT The objective of this study is to analyze the effects of fragmentation of production measured by the parts and components trade on the choice of transportation mode including air, sea and road. The paper attempts to account for the advantages and disadvantages of alternative transportation modes in short-, medium- and long-distance trade. Using a detailed data set (Harmonized System12-digit product level statistics for the period 2006–2014 and 143 countries) of Turkey’s machinery exports, we show that fragmentation of production plays a significant role in the selection of the transportation mode. In particular, road transportation with good infrastructure is a significant trade facilitating mode of transportation for nearby trade partners when trade involves P&C and bulky products.
{"title":"Transportation Mode Choice and International Fragmentation of Production: Evidence from a Developing Country","authors":"K. Türkcan, Hulya Saygili","doi":"10.1080/10168737.2020.1870522","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10168737.2020.1870522","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The objective of this study is to analyze the effects of fragmentation of production measured by the parts and components trade on the choice of transportation mode including air, sea and road. The paper attempts to account for the advantages and disadvantages of alternative transportation modes in short-, medium- and long-distance trade. Using a detailed data set (Harmonized System12-digit product level statistics for the period 2006–2014 and 143 countries) of Turkey’s machinery exports, we show that fragmentation of production plays a significant role in the selection of the transportation mode. In particular, road transportation with good infrastructure is a significant trade facilitating mode of transportation for nearby trade partners when trade involves P&C and bulky products.","PeriodicalId":35933,"journal":{"name":"INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC JOURNAL","volume":"35 1","pages":"46 - 72"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10168737.2020.1870522","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46588288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-29DOI: 10.1080/10168737.2020.1864435
Moon-Jung Kim, Soohyung Lee
ABSTRACT Various countries have implemented transfer programs to individuals since the Covid-19 outbreaks. However, the extent to which such transfers alleviate economic recessions is unclear. This paper analyzes a South Korean program, which provided vouchers redeemable only at small local businesses. We find that, due to the program, over 30% of households across all income groups increased their food and overall household spending, but the usage restriction may have affected consumer choice as well as competition among businesses. While the employment and sales of small businesses improved, the program’s fiscal sustainability is in question because of the large tax exemption.
{"title":"Can Stimulus Checks Boost an Economy Under Covid-19? Evidence from South Korea","authors":"Moon-Jung Kim, Soohyung Lee","doi":"10.1080/10168737.2020.1864435","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10168737.2020.1864435","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Various countries have implemented transfer programs to individuals since the Covid-19 outbreaks. However, the extent to which such transfers alleviate economic recessions is unclear. This paper analyzes a South Korean program, which provided vouchers redeemable only at small local businesses. We find that, due to the program, over 30% of households across all income groups increased their food and overall household spending, but the usage restriction may have affected consumer choice as well as competition among businesses. While the employment and sales of small businesses improved, the program’s fiscal sustainability is in question because of the large tax exemption.","PeriodicalId":35933,"journal":{"name":"INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC JOURNAL","volume":"35 1","pages":"1 - 12"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2020-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10168737.2020.1864435","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42565294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-11DOI: 10.1080/10168737.2022.2062613
H. Yilmazkuday
Using club-level data on domestic-league and international points from 73 countries, this paper achieves a policy evaluation of country-specific regulations regarding soccer success. The results show that restrictions on foreign direct investment reduce the international competitiveness of clubs, whereas restrictions on international migration policies have no significant impact on it. Domestic inequality across clubs increases with restrictions on a minimum number of home-grown players, while it goes down with restrictions on foreign direct investment or restrictions on a maximum number of foreign players. The results are robust to the consideration of other domestic regulations, market value of clubs or number of matches played.
{"title":"Protectionism, Competitiveness and Inequality: Cross-Country Evidence from Soccer","authors":"H. Yilmazkuday","doi":"10.1080/10168737.2022.2062613","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10168737.2022.2062613","url":null,"abstract":"Using club-level data on domestic-league and international points from 73 countries, this paper achieves a policy evaluation of country-specific regulations regarding soccer success. The results show that restrictions on foreign direct investment reduce the international competitiveness of clubs, whereas restrictions on international migration policies have no significant impact on it. Domestic inequality across clubs increases with restrictions on a minimum number of home-grown players, while it goes down with restrictions on foreign direct investment or restrictions on a maximum number of foreign players. The results are robust to the consideration of other domestic regulations, market value of clubs or number of matches played.","PeriodicalId":35933,"journal":{"name":"INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC JOURNAL","volume":"36 1","pages":"171 - 192"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2020-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46602987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-12DOI: 10.1080/10168737.2020.1855461
H. Yilmazkuday
ABSTRACT Using the implications of a trade model, this paper measures the gains from trade through the standard gravity variables. Theoretically, it is shown that such gains can be calculated by using the estimated coefficients of these variables in a gravity regression, together with the bilateral expenditure shares of countries investigated. Empirically, the results show that the total actual gains through all gravity variables in the world have increased from about in 1950s to about as of 2015 that can be decomposed as through proximity and through other gravity variables. Gains through free trade agreements (FTAs) have started dominating among these other variables starting from 1990s, following the Uruguay Round. Across countries, the total gains of OECD countries are about 1.5 times those of others, whereas the total gains of European countries are more than 10 times those of Pacific countries. Calculations based on the future potential gains from trade through policy-oriented gravity variables further suggest that there is room for an additional or of a welfare gain in the world through having free trade agreements or using common currencies, respectively.
{"title":"Decomposing the Gains From Trade Through the Standard Gravity Variables","authors":"H. Yilmazkuday","doi":"10.1080/10168737.2020.1855461","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10168737.2020.1855461","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Using the implications of a trade model, this paper measures the gains from trade through the standard gravity variables. Theoretically, it is shown that such gains can be calculated by using the estimated coefficients of these variables in a gravity regression, together with the bilateral expenditure shares of countries investigated. Empirically, the results show that the total actual gains through all gravity variables in the world have increased from about in 1950s to about as of 2015 that can be decomposed as through proximity and through other gravity variables. Gains through free trade agreements (FTAs) have started dominating among these other variables starting from 1990s, following the Uruguay Round. Across countries, the total gains of OECD countries are about 1.5 times those of others, whereas the total gains of European countries are more than 10 times those of Pacific countries. Calculations based on the future potential gains from trade through policy-oriented gravity variables further suggest that there is room for an additional or of a welfare gain in the world through having free trade agreements or using common currencies, respectively.","PeriodicalId":35933,"journal":{"name":"INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC JOURNAL","volume":"35 1","pages":"13 - 45"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2020-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10168737.2020.1855461","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46816343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-01DOI: 10.1080/10168737.2020.1841265
Sajid Ali, Z. Yusop, S. Kaliappan, Lee Chin
This study aims to analyze the impact of trade openness on unemployment in labor-abundant and capital-abundant countries of Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) by taking the data from 1991 to 2018. A new technique quantile-on-quantile (QQ) is applied to show how quantiles of trade openness asymmetrically affect the quantiles of unemployment by providing an appropriate framework to capture the overall dependence structure. 8 out of 10 capital-abundant countries show a positive association between trade openness and unemployment, while 7 out of 10 labor-abundant countries indicate a negative effect of trade openness on unemployment. Hence, the majority of selected labor-abundant and capital-abundant countries are validating Heckscher-Ohlin theory of international trade. The results show that the asymmetric intensity of trade-induced unemployment varies with countries at both bottom and upper quantiles of the distribution of data that require individual attention in postulating the policies related to trade and unemployment in OIC countries.
{"title":"Trade-induced Unemployment in Labor-abundant and Capital-abundant OIC Countries: Asymmetric Evidence from Quantile-on-Quantile Regression","authors":"Sajid Ali, Z. Yusop, S. Kaliappan, Lee Chin","doi":"10.1080/10168737.2020.1841265","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10168737.2020.1841265","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to analyze the impact of trade openness on unemployment in labor-abundant and capital-abundant countries of Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) by taking the data from 1991 to 2018. A new technique quantile-on-quantile (QQ) is applied to show how quantiles of trade openness asymmetrically affect the quantiles of unemployment by providing an appropriate framework to capture the overall dependence structure. 8 out of 10 capital-abundant countries show a positive association between trade openness and unemployment, while 7 out of 10 labor-abundant countries indicate a negative effect of trade openness on unemployment. Hence, the majority of selected labor-abundant and capital-abundant countries are validating Heckscher-Ohlin theory of international trade. The results show that the asymmetric intensity of trade-induced unemployment varies with countries at both bottom and upper quantiles of the distribution of data that require individual attention in postulating the policies related to trade and unemployment in OIC countries.","PeriodicalId":35933,"journal":{"name":"INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC JOURNAL","volume":"34 1","pages":"682 - 702"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10168737.2020.1841265","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45717917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：