Pub Date : 2021-07-26DOI: 10.20998/0419-8719.2021.2.11
O. Hrabovenko, S. Dotsenko, V. Nesterenko, I. Shvets
While being highly fuel-efficient, diesel engines are defined by relatively high emissions, which have a negative impact on people and the environment. In the future, most European countries plan to abandon the use of diesel engines after 2030. One way to use this type of engines is to convert them to alternative fuels from renewable energy sources, such as vegetable oils (rapeseed, sunflower and soya bean oils). A significant advantage of vegetable oils is that when they hit the ground, they break down in a couple of weeks. Sulfur oxides are virtually absent due to the small amount of sulfur in vegetable oils in the engine exhaust gases. Other environmental factors include reduced emissions of nitrogen oxides NOx, carbon monoxide CO, unburned hydrocarbons and carbon black C. However, it should be noted that the use of vegetable-based fuel involves problems related to fuel preparation, consideration of physical and chemical properties and proper engine operation and use of arable land for the cultivation of vegetable oils. The article presents the results of experimental studies to determine the effective performance of soybean oil, six cylinder, four-stroke supercharged diesel engine (26 – the diameter of the cylinder, cm; 34 – the piston stroke, cm) produced by "Pervomaiskdieselmash", which is a part of the stationary diesel generator (DGA-900) with the capacity of 900 kW. This diesel engine is with an undivided combustion chamber ("Geselman" type), gas turbine supercharging and intermediate charge air cooling. Soybean oil is more viscous and has better lubrication properties of conjugated vapors and engine components, as a result, the lifespan of the engine and high-pressure fuel pump increases by an average of 60%. However, more viscous soybean oil impairs fuel mixing, spraying and combustion. Starting qualities of the engine also deteriorate. On the other hand, as the temperature rises, the viscosity of soybean oil decreases sharply. The reasons which led to the emergence of the above-mentioned problems have been analysed. In addition, the features and advantages of the cogeneration power plant have been described, which makes it possible to obtain two forms of useful energy at the output such as thermal and electric. The use of cogeneration significantly increases the overall efficiency of the plant; it provides significant opportunities for efficient heat utilization and achieving maximum economic effect.
{"title":"USE OF VEGETABLE OIL AS A FUEL IN A MEDIUM SPEED DIESEL ENGINE","authors":"O. Hrabovenko, S. Dotsenko, V. Nesterenko, I. Shvets","doi":"10.20998/0419-8719.2021.2.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20998/0419-8719.2021.2.11","url":null,"abstract":"While being highly fuel-efficient, diesel engines are defined by relatively high emissions, which have a negative impact on people and the environment. In the future, most European countries plan to abandon the use of diesel engines after 2030. One way to use this type of engines is to convert them to alternative fuels from renewable energy sources, such as vegetable oils (rapeseed, sunflower and soya bean oils). A significant advantage of vegetable oils is that when they hit the ground, they break down in a couple of weeks. Sulfur oxides are virtually absent due to the small amount of sulfur in vegetable oils in the engine exhaust gases. Other environmental factors include reduced emissions of nitrogen oxides NOx, carbon monoxide CO, unburned hydrocarbons and carbon black C. However, it should be noted that the use of vegetable-based fuel involves problems related to fuel preparation, consideration of physical and chemical properties and proper engine operation and use of arable land for the cultivation of vegetable oils. The article presents the results of experimental studies to determine the effective performance of soybean oil, six cylinder, four-stroke supercharged diesel engine (26 – the diameter of the cylinder, cm; 34 – the piston stroke, cm) produced by \"Pervomaiskdieselmash\", which is a part of the stationary diesel generator (DGA-900) with the capacity of 900 kW. This diesel engine is with an undivided combustion chamber (\"Geselman\" type), gas turbine supercharging and intermediate charge air cooling. Soybean oil is more viscous and has better lubrication properties of conjugated vapors and engine components, as a result, the lifespan of the engine and high-pressure fuel pump increases by an average of 60%. However, more viscous soybean oil impairs fuel mixing, spraying and combustion. Starting qualities of the engine also deteriorate. On the other hand, as the temperature rises, the viscosity of soybean oil decreases sharply. The reasons which led to the emergence of the above-mentioned problems have been analysed. In addition, the features and advantages of the cogeneration power plant have been described, which makes it possible to obtain two forms of useful energy at the output such as thermal and electric. The use of cogeneration significantly increases the overall efficiency of the plant; it provides significant opportunities for efficient heat utilization and achieving maximum economic effect.","PeriodicalId":35991,"journal":{"name":"Neiranji Xuebao/Transactions of CSICE (Chinese Society for Internal Combustion Engines)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76198941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-26DOI: 10.20998/0419-8719.2021.1.12
E. Bilousov, P. Billier
Almost immediately after Rudolph Diesel created his "rational" engine, attempts were made to improve it. Since at the end of the nineteenth and the beginning of the twentieth century, the theory of internal combustion engines had not yet been formed as a unified scientific system, there were no unified approaches to assessing the innovations proposed by individual engineers and scientists either. In this regard, disputes and litigations periodically arose related to the recognition of priority for a specific design or the proposed principle of work for a specific author. First of all, this was due to the possibility of obtaining material benefits from the introduction of a patented innovation into production. It should be noted that profit-related litigation and information campaigns were not always objective, and the development of progress at the turn of the century were so rapid that the same ideas entered the heads of several independent inventors at once, but the same discoveries were made in different parts of the world by different scientists. By the beginning of the twentieth century, the accumulated experience, as well as theoretical and experimental studies have shown that it was possible to significantly improve the nature of the flow of the working process of piston engines by replacing the isochoric or isobaric heat supply in the process of fuel combustion with a combined one with heat supply, first at a constant volume (by isochore), and then at constant pressure (isobar). Three scientists - Gustav Trinkler, Myron Zaliger and Louis Gaston Sabathe claimed priority in the development of such a cycle. Each of them came to this decision in different ways, and each made his own contribution both to the formation of the theory of working processes of piston engines, and to the formation of engine building in general. It is to this contribution made by the French engineer Louis Gaston Sabathe that this article is devoted.
{"title":"FRENCH ENGINEER SABATHE LOUIS GASTON AND HIS ROLE IN CREATION OF DUAL COMBUSTION CYCLE","authors":"E. Bilousov, P. Billier","doi":"10.20998/0419-8719.2021.1.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20998/0419-8719.2021.1.12","url":null,"abstract":"Almost immediately after Rudolph Diesel created his \"rational\" engine, attempts were made to improve it. Since at the end of the nineteenth and the beginning of the twentieth century, the theory of internal combustion engines had not yet been formed as a unified scientific system, there were no unified approaches to assessing the innovations proposed by individual engineers and scientists either. In this regard, disputes and litigations periodically arose related to the recognition of priority for a specific design or the proposed principle of work for a specific author. First of all, this was due to the possibility of obtaining material benefits from the introduction of a patented innovation into production. It should be noted that profit-related litigation and information campaigns were not always objective, and the development of progress at the turn of the century were so rapid that the same ideas entered the heads of several independent inventors at once, but the same discoveries were made in different parts of the world by different scientists. By the beginning of the twentieth century, the accumulated experience, as well as theoretical and experimental studies have shown that it was possible to significantly improve the nature of the flow of the working process of piston engines by replacing the isochoric or isobaric heat supply in the process of fuel combustion with a combined one with heat supply, first at a constant volume (by isochore), and then at constant pressure (isobar). Three scientists - Gustav Trinkler, Myron Zaliger and Louis Gaston Sabathe claimed priority in the development of such a cycle. Each of them came to this decision in different ways, and each made his own contribution both to the formation of the theory of working processes of piston engines, and to the formation of engine building in general. It is to this contribution made by the French engineer Louis Gaston Sabathe that this article is devoted.","PeriodicalId":35991,"journal":{"name":"Neiranji Xuebao/Transactions of CSICE (Chinese Society for Internal Combustion Engines)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82443858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-26DOI: 10.20998/0419-8719.2021.2.07
М.А. Tkachuk, S. Kravchenko, A. Grabovskiy, М.М. Tkachuk, O. Veretelnik, S. Kutsenko, I. Klochkov, M. Saverska
Studies of the stress-strain state of discrete-continuously strengthening parts of internal combustion engines are described in the paper. A parametric model of a microcell containing a two-part cell has been developed. The first part simulates a fragment of an aluminum part with a surface corundum layer. The second part is a fragment of a cast iron part with a zone of discrete strengthening of steel. Vary: modulus of elasticity of the corundum layer material and the shape of the discrete hardening zone. The dependences of the strength and stiffness characteristics of the studied system on the varied parameters are established. They are the basis for substantiation of rational modes of technology of discrete-continuous strengthening of parts of internal combustion engines. In the course of research, it was found that previously determined for discrete strengthening, the effects of a favourable redistribution of contact interaction between parts are preserved for discrete-continuous strengthening. The characteristic dependences of the features of the stress-strain state of the elements of discrete-continuously strengthening parts on the varied properties of the surface layers of the continuously strengthened part, on the one hand, and the shape of the discrete strengthening zone, on the other, are determined. This makes it possible to determine the sensitivity of the characteristics to purposeful or random variation of these factors. It is also expedient to set and solve optimization problems to determine such modes of technological operation of discrete-continuous strengthening, which increase the characteristics of strength, durability, efficiency of internal combustion engines and other machines, units and assemblies containing such strengthened parts. The developed approach, models and research methods will be further applied to studies of the stress-strain state of contacting discrete-continuously strengthened parts of structures to improve the technical and tactical and technical characteristics of products of machine-building enterprises.
{"title":"CONTACT INTERACTION OF DISCRETE-CONTINUALLY STRENGTHENED PARTS OF INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES","authors":"М.А. Tkachuk, S. Kravchenko, A. Grabovskiy, М.М. Tkachuk, O. Veretelnik, S. Kutsenko, I. Klochkov, M. Saverska","doi":"10.20998/0419-8719.2021.2.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20998/0419-8719.2021.2.07","url":null,"abstract":"Studies of the stress-strain state of discrete-continuously strengthening parts of internal combustion engines are described in the paper. A parametric model of a microcell containing a two-part cell has been developed. The first part simulates a fragment of an aluminum part with a surface corundum layer. The second part is a fragment of a cast iron part with a zone of discrete strengthening of steel. Vary: modulus of elasticity of the corundum layer material and the shape of the discrete hardening zone. The dependences of the strength and stiffness characteristics of the studied system on the varied parameters are established. They are the basis for substantiation of rational modes of technology of discrete-continuous strengthening of parts of internal combustion engines. \u0000In the course of research, it was found that previously determined for discrete strengthening, the effects of a favourable redistribution of contact interaction between parts are preserved for discrete-continuous strengthening. The characteristic dependences of the features of the stress-strain state of the elements of discrete-continuously strengthening parts on the varied properties of the surface layers of the continuously strengthened part, on the one hand, and the shape of the discrete strengthening zone, on the other, are determined. This makes it possible to determine the sensitivity of the characteristics to purposeful or random variation of these factors. It is also expedient to set and solve optimization problems to determine such modes of technological operation of discrete-continuous strengthening, which increase the characteristics of strength, durability, efficiency of internal combustion engines and other machines, units and assemblies containing such strengthened parts. \u0000The developed approach, models and research methods will be further applied to studies of the stress-strain state of contacting discrete-continuously strengthened parts of structures to improve the technical and tactical and technical characteristics of products of machine-building enterprises.","PeriodicalId":35991,"journal":{"name":"Neiranji Xuebao/Transactions of CSICE (Chinese Society for Internal Combustion Engines)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86250465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-26DOI: 10.20998/0419-8719.2021.2.03
A. Marchenko, S. Kravchenko, O. M. Bekaryuk, M. Shelestov
One of the most important trends of the modern combat vehicles is increasing their mobility for the security of the crew and for fast movement in different types of terrain. Compliance with these criteria is ensured by the engine of the armored vehicle. The competitiveness of domestic engines for armored vehicles should be ensured by the creation of new structures, their constant modernization and further improvement of performance. One of such engines is a forced diesel engine 6DN12/2x12 with a capacity of 1100 kW. In order to improve its performance and increase the level of forcing, it is proposed to improve the air supply system of the engine. Evaluating the effectiveness of the system can identify nodes that need changing design parameters. Therefore, such a qualitative analysis also indicates the feasibility and the possibility of further modernization of the system design. The qualitative analysis of the turbocharger is carried out on the basis of exergy method, which allows identifying sources of energy losses in the system design and determines the degree of perfection of processes. The application of the exergy method is due to the purpose of determining the reserves to improve the efficiency of the turbocharger elements, the magnitude of the supplied exergy and exergy efficiency in the nodes of the air supply system. According to the method, an exergy scheme of the supercharging system was constructed, on the basis of which the energy-exergy balance of each compressor unit was derived. The results of the analysis allowed to determine the parameters of the flow of the working fluid in the characteristic sections of the compressor and turbine and exergetic efficiency of the supercharging system. The calculated data obtained by exergetic analysis provide an estimate of the distribution of energy losses and allow determining the areas for further improvement of the air supply system and providing an opportunity to choose such design parameters that achieve the most effective improvement of the system.
{"title":"APPLICATION OF EXERGETIC METHOD FOR EVALUATION OF PROCESS PERFECTION IN DIESEL ENGINE SUPERCHARGING SYSTEM","authors":"A. Marchenko, S. Kravchenko, O. M. Bekaryuk, M. Shelestov","doi":"10.20998/0419-8719.2021.2.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20998/0419-8719.2021.2.03","url":null,"abstract":"One of the most important trends of the modern combat vehicles is increasing their mobility for the security of the crew and for fast movement in different types of terrain. Compliance with these criteria is ensured by the engine of the armored vehicle. The competitiveness of domestic engines for armored vehicles should be ensured by the creation of new structures, their constant modernization and further improvement of performance. One of such engines is a forced diesel engine 6DN12/2x12 with a capacity of 1100 kW. In order to improve its performance and increase the level of forcing, it is proposed to improve the air supply system of the engine. Evaluating the effectiveness of the system can identify nodes that need changing design parameters. Therefore, such a qualitative analysis also indicates the feasibility and the possibility of further modernization of the system design. The qualitative analysis of the turbocharger is carried out on the basis of exergy method, which allows identifying sources of energy losses in the system design and determines the degree of perfection of processes. The application of the exergy method is due to the purpose of determining the reserves to improve the efficiency of the turbocharger elements, the magnitude of the supplied exergy and exergy efficiency in the nodes of the air supply system. According to the method, an exergy scheme of the supercharging system was constructed, on the basis of which the energy-exergy balance of each compressor unit was derived. The results of the analysis allowed to determine the parameters of the flow of the working fluid in the characteristic sections of the compressor and turbine and exergetic efficiency of the supercharging system. The calculated data obtained by exergetic analysis provide an estimate of the distribution of energy losses and allow determining the areas for further improvement of the air supply system and providing an opportunity to choose such design parameters that achieve the most effective improvement of the system.","PeriodicalId":35991,"journal":{"name":"Neiranji Xuebao/Transactions of CSICE (Chinese Society for Internal Combustion Engines)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87777915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-26DOI: 10.20998/0419-8719.2021.2.06
A. Marchenko, V. Pylyov, O. Linkov, S. Lykov
The paper deals with the issues of reliability of piston materials in the process of increasing engine power. It is precisely the increase in the liter power of engines while ensuring environmental and economic requirements that is today one of the main areas of work in engine manufacturing. Studies have shown that material creep has significantly affects on the reliability of internal combustion engine parts. The most thermally loaded engine element is a piston. The main critical areas for it can be identified: the edge of the combustion chamber, the area of the piston rings and the piston skirt. The appearance of seizures on the piston skirt is sometimes observed even during the engine initial tests at the engine power increasing. Thus, we can speak about the relevance of the problem of identifying the reasons for reaching the critical state of the piston material. Based on these data, it becomes possible to develop measures to ensure the reliable operation of the piston. Among the most common materials for the manufacture of pistons are aluminum alloys AL25 and AK4. The chemical composition of these alloys varies considerably. The study obtained coefficients for calculating the creep rate for these materials. The identification of the calculation of the creep deformation of aluminum alloys at different stress levels, for different temperatures is carried out. The upper boundary of the region of model adequacy in terms of temperatures and stresses is determined. The creep rate of aluminum alloys is analyzed at different temperatures. In the conclusions, a comparison of the piston materials is made and the advantages of the AK4 alloy in comparison with the AL25 alloy, which are coming out when the engine power is increased, are indicated. The direction of further research is also indicated, which is associated with the analysis of the deformation of the considered materials at the first stage of creep.
{"title":"COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF THE CREEP OF PISTON ALUMINUM ALLOYS","authors":"A. Marchenko, V. Pylyov, O. Linkov, S. Lykov","doi":"10.20998/0419-8719.2021.2.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20998/0419-8719.2021.2.06","url":null,"abstract":"The paper deals with the issues of reliability of piston materials in the process of increasing engine power. It is precisely the increase in the liter power of engines while ensuring environmental and economic requirements that is today one of the main areas of work in engine manufacturing. Studies have shown that material creep has significantly affects on the reliability of internal combustion engine parts. The most thermally loaded engine element is a piston. The main critical areas for it can be identified: the edge of the combustion chamber, the area of the piston rings and the piston skirt. The appearance of seizures on the piston skirt is sometimes observed even during the engine initial tests at the engine power increasing. Thus, we can speak about the relevance of the problem of identifying the reasons for reaching the critical state of the piston material. Based on these data, it becomes possible to develop measures to ensure the reliable operation of the piston. Among the most common materials for the manufacture of pistons are aluminum alloys AL25 and AK4. The chemical composition of these alloys varies considerably. The study obtained coefficients for calculating the creep rate for these materials. The identification of the calculation of the creep deformation of aluminum alloys at different stress levels, for different temperatures is carried out. The upper boundary of the region of model adequacy in terms of temperatures and stresses is determined. The creep rate of aluminum alloys is analyzed at different temperatures. In the conclusions, a comparison of the piston materials is made and the advantages of the AK4 alloy in comparison with the AL25 alloy, which are coming out when the engine power is increased, are indicated. The direction of further research is also indicated, which is associated with the analysis of the deformation of the considered materials at the first stage of creep.","PeriodicalId":35991,"journal":{"name":"Neiranji Xuebao/Transactions of CSICE (Chinese Society for Internal Combustion Engines)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77997197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-26DOI: 10.20998/0419-8719.2021.1.03
V.M. Bgantsev
The use of biological fuels based on vegetable oils and other similar raw materials in diesel engines in developed countries can reduce the cost of mineral diesel fuel and improve the environment. This issue is relevant for Ukraine as well, in connection with which the governing bodies pay great attention to it. The deepening of knowledge in the study of the peculiarities of the flow of operating cycles of diesel engines, their power and toxic characteristics at the same time contributes to the optimization of the use of these types of fuel. In this work, the main issues related to the use of vegetable oils, such as sunflower, rapeseed, corn oils and their ethyl esters, both in pure form and in a mixture with mineral diesel fuel, are considered as a biological component of fuel. Theoretical issues and experimental data related to the use of these fuels in diesel engines are considered. Experimental studies were carried out on diesel engines D21A and four-cylinder - Skoda - an analogue of the 1.9-liter Volkswagen engine with turbocharging. Economic and toxic characteristics were obtained by load and speed characteristics. There is an increase in the consumption of mixed fuel in comparison with mineral fuel, the toxic characteristics were better in some indicators, in some cases, for example, when operating at increased capacities, they worsened relative to those when operating on mineral fuel. The basic principles of the effective use of biofuels in transport diesel engines are formulated in terms of energy and toxic indicators, as well as the corrosive effect of blended biofuels on fuel equipment. Today, gas stations in Ukraine only sell alternative fuels for gasoline engines. These are mixtures in various proportions of gasoline and bioethanol with a content of the latter up to 35–40% by volume. The price of such fuel is lower than the price of gasoline. Biodiesel fuels are not commercially available, although they would also cost less than mineral diesel fuel. It is likely that the use of biodiesel fuels is restrained due to the need to adapt the diesel engine to these fuels and to monitor the state of the fuel equipment. However, these costs are small and can be easily compensated for by the difference in the price of mineral and biodiesel fuels. It can be assumed that, first of all, biodiesel will be introduced into agricultural machinery.
{"title":"SCIENTIFIC PRINCIPLES OF INCREASING THE EFFICIENT PERFORMANCE OF DIESELS WHEN USING BIOFUELS","authors":"V.M. Bgantsev","doi":"10.20998/0419-8719.2021.1.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20998/0419-8719.2021.1.03","url":null,"abstract":"The use of biological fuels based on vegetable oils and other similar raw materials in diesel engines in developed countries can reduce the cost of mineral diesel fuel and improve the environment. This issue is relevant for Ukraine as well, in connection with which the governing bodies pay great attention to it. The deepening of knowledge in the study of the peculiarities of the flow of operating cycles of diesel engines, their power and toxic characteristics at the same time contributes to the optimization of the use of these types of fuel. In this work, the main issues related to the use of vegetable oils, such as sunflower, rapeseed, corn oils and their ethyl esters, both in pure form and in a mixture with mineral diesel fuel, are considered as a biological component of fuel. Theoretical issues and experimental data related to the use of these fuels in diesel engines are considered. Experimental studies were carried out on diesel engines D21A and four-cylinder - Skoda - an analogue of the 1.9-liter Volkswagen engine with turbocharging. Economic and toxic characteristics were obtained by load and speed characteristics. There is an increase in the consumption of mixed fuel in comparison with mineral fuel, the toxic characteristics were better in some indicators, in some cases, for example, when operating at increased capacities, they worsened relative to those when operating on mineral fuel. The basic principles of the effective use of biofuels in transport diesel engines are formulated in terms of energy and toxic indicators, as well as the corrosive effect of blended biofuels on fuel equipment. Today, gas stations in Ukraine only sell alternative fuels for gasoline engines. These are mixtures in various proportions of gasoline and bioethanol with a content of the latter up to 35–40% by volume. The price of such fuel is lower than the price of gasoline. Biodiesel fuels are not commercially available, although they would also cost less than mineral diesel fuel. It is likely that the use of biodiesel fuels is restrained due to the need to adapt the diesel engine to these fuels and to monitor the state of the fuel equipment. However, these costs are small and can be easily compensated for by the difference in the price of mineral and biodiesel fuels. It can be assumed that, first of all, biodiesel will be introduced into agricultural machinery.","PeriodicalId":35991,"journal":{"name":"Neiranji Xuebao/Transactions of CSICE (Chinese Society for Internal Combustion Engines)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79662189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-26DOI: 10.20998/0419-8719.2021.2.05
Т. М. Kolesnikova, V. Zarenbin, O. Sakno
The article considers one of the topical directions of increasing fuel economy and reducing the toxicity of exhaust gases, namely, cylinder disconnection of internal combustion engines (ICE) in idling and partial loads. Current internal combustion engines with cylinder disconnection have enough technical solutions to ensure high fuel economy and ecological indicators of the engine working process. Accordingly, such engines require solution of the following tasks: improvement of mass-size indicators, cost reduction and design improvement, increase of reliability, etc. One of the main tasks of transport vehicles is also reducing the level of engine vibrations. This task is especially relevant for internal combustion engines with disconnected cylinders. When cylinders are disconnected, the unevenness of total torque increases from working processes in active cylinders and, as a result, the unevenness of the engine stroke, which affects the dynamic characteristics of the vehicle as a whole. To solve this problem, the general provisions of torsional momentum unevenness of internal combustion engines were considered. Total torsional torque of different engines was processed and data on the unevenness of torsional torque was obtained. The method of investigating the influence of cylinder switching, particularly the number of active cylinders on the unevenness of total torque is developed. The notion of torsional torque change degree with cylinder disconnection is introduced and the equation for its determination depending on the number of active cylinders is proposed. The notion of torsional torque coefficient change at disconnection of cylinders is also introduced. The application of the calculation of a four-cylinder inline engine for the possibility to compare changes in the torsional momentum unevenness when the cylinders are disconnected in the given engine was made. As a result of the calculations it was found that the torque unevenness coefficient at operation of the engine with 3, 2 and 1 cylinders in the average increases in 1,5; 2 and 3 times. The results of calculations were analyzed and histograms for all possible values of the number of active cylinders have been provided.
{"title":"DETERMINATION OF THE COMPONENTS OF THE TOTAL TORQUE NON-UNIFORMITY WHEN DISCONNECTING THE CYLINDERS","authors":"Т. М. Kolesnikova, V. Zarenbin, O. Sakno","doi":"10.20998/0419-8719.2021.2.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20998/0419-8719.2021.2.05","url":null,"abstract":"The article considers one of the topical directions of increasing fuel economy and reducing the toxicity of exhaust gases, namely, cylinder disconnection of internal combustion engines (ICE) in idling and partial loads. Current internal combustion engines with cylinder disconnection have enough technical solutions to ensure high fuel economy and ecological indicators of the engine working process. Accordingly, such engines require solution of the following tasks: improvement of mass-size indicators, cost reduction and design improvement, increase of reliability, etc. One of the main tasks of transport vehicles is also reducing the level of engine vibrations. This task is especially relevant for internal combustion engines with disconnected cylinders. When cylinders are disconnected, the unevenness of total torque increases from working processes in active cylinders and, as a result, the unevenness of the engine stroke, which affects the dynamic characteristics of the vehicle as a whole. To solve this problem, the general provisions of torsional momentum unevenness of internal combustion engines were considered. Total torsional torque of different engines was processed and data on the unevenness of torsional torque was obtained. The method of investigating the influence of cylinder switching, particularly the number of active cylinders on the unevenness of total torque is developed. The notion of torsional torque change degree with cylinder disconnection is introduced and the equation for its determination depending on the number of active cylinders is proposed. The notion of torsional torque coefficient change at disconnection of cylinders is also introduced. The application of the calculation of a four-cylinder inline engine for the possibility to compare changes in the torsional momentum unevenness when the cylinders are disconnected in the given engine was made. As a result of the calculations it was found that the torque unevenness coefficient at operation of the engine with 3, 2 and 1 cylinders in the average increases in 1,5; 2 and 3 times. The results of calculations were analyzed and histograms for all possible values of the number of active cylinders have been provided.","PeriodicalId":35991,"journal":{"name":"Neiranji Xuebao/Transactions of CSICE (Chinese Society for Internal Combustion Engines)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78585275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-26DOI: 10.20998/0419-8719.2021.2.10
D. Kurnosenko, V. Savchuk, E. Belousov, А.К. Dzygar, A. I. Kotov
The issues of studying the operating parameters of the elements of lubrication systems for high-speed internal combustion engines preceded the creation of the stand. The engine lubrication system D-246.4 was chosen as a prototype. With the help of this stand it became possible to study the lubrication system for the following characteristics: change the performance of the engine oil pump D-246.4, change and control the engine oil temperature, control the pressure drop on the oil filter, control the engine oil flow, throttle oil at the inlet to the oil pump and on the conditional supply line to the friction units, measuring the vacuum of the system on the suction of the oil pump and recording the parameters of the pulsation of the oil pressure generated by the oil pump. To build mathematical models of the components in the lubrication systems of marine internal combustion engines there is a need to determine their operating parameters. In real operating conditions, such measurements cannot be obtained due to the lack of the necessary test equipment (TE) and the possibility of its installation. The authors describe in detail all the components of the stand for studying the parameters of the elements of lubrication systems of high-speed internal combustion engines, their technical characteristics, describes the diagnostic complex, which recorded the results of research, the results of measuring engine oil pressure pulsation. The stand is used to study the operating parameters of the oil pump and filter used for water. Signals are registered using the Autoscanner diagnostic system. The diagnostic complex is a 64-channel oscilloscope that is connected to a personal computer. This stand for studying the operating parameters of the elements of the lubrication system provides sufficient opportunities to simulate the operating conditions of the elements of the supply and purification of oil and register them both visually and with digital sensors and diagnostic system Autoscanner, digital oscilloscopes or other measuring instruments capable of recording and storing the received data.
{"title":"STAND FOR RESEARCH PARAMETERS OF ELEMENTS OF LUBRICATION SYSTEMS OF HIGH-SPEED INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES","authors":"D. Kurnosenko, V. Savchuk, E. Belousov, А.К. Dzygar, A. I. Kotov","doi":"10.20998/0419-8719.2021.2.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20998/0419-8719.2021.2.10","url":null,"abstract":"The issues of studying the operating parameters of the elements of lubrication systems for high-speed internal combustion engines preceded the creation of the stand. The engine lubrication system D-246.4 was chosen as a prototype. With the help of this stand it became possible to study the lubrication system for the following characteristics: change the performance of the engine oil pump D-246.4, change and control the engine oil temperature, control the pressure drop on the oil filter, control the engine oil flow, throttle oil at the inlet to the oil pump and on the conditional supply line to the friction units, measuring the vacuum of the system on the suction of the oil pump and recording the parameters of the pulsation of the oil pressure generated by the oil pump. To build mathematical models of the components in the lubrication systems of marine internal combustion engines there is a need to determine their operating parameters. In real operating conditions, such measurements cannot be obtained due to the lack of the necessary test equipment (TE) and the possibility of its installation. The authors describe in detail all the components of the stand for studying the parameters of the elements of lubrication systems of high-speed internal combustion engines, their technical characteristics, describes the diagnostic complex, which recorded the results of research, the results of measuring engine oil pressure pulsation. The stand is used to study the operating parameters of the oil pump and filter used for water. Signals are registered using the Autoscanner diagnostic system. The diagnostic complex is a 64-channel oscilloscope that is connected to a personal computer. This stand for studying the operating parameters of the elements of the lubrication system provides sufficient opportunities to simulate the operating conditions of the elements of the supply and purification of oil and register them both visually and with digital sensors and diagnostic system Autoscanner, digital oscilloscopes or other measuring instruments capable of recording and storing the received data.","PeriodicalId":35991,"journal":{"name":"Neiranji Xuebao/Transactions of CSICE (Chinese Society for Internal Combustion Engines)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89633692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-26DOI: 10.20998/0419-8719.2021.2.02
А.М. Levterov, А.А. Levterov
The obviousness of the finiteness of the planet's energy resources makes us constantly concern ourselves with the search for new energy sources and their rational use. The main energy converter is the internal combustion engine and contrary to forecasts, continues to occupy a leading position. Therefore, the issues of improving its working processes, reducing the consumption of mineral fuel, the possibility of using all kinds of alternative fuels and improving the quality of motor fuel continue to be considered throughout the energy world. On the agenda is the dissemination of advances in nanotechnology to the propulsion industry. Improvement of engine performance when using fuel dispersed with nanomaterials of various types is beyond doubt and is used both for pure petroleum and biodiesel and for their mixtures. In the article, against the background of the analysis of studies on the use of alternative biofuels and the introduction of the practice of introducing nanoparticles into petroleum fuel and biofuels as a potential energy carrier to improve the characteristics of toxicity and engine performance, the results of studies of a number of biofuels have been presented. Presented are the results of a study of the performance of a 1Ch 8.5 / 11 diesel engine carried out in the laboratory of IPMash NAS of Ukraine when operating on diesel fuel dispersed with carbon spheroidal nanoadditives of various concentrations, and some comparative results of studies of the indicators of diesel engines with direct injection 2Ch 10.5 / 12 and 4ChN 7.9 / 7.5 ALH, operating on standard and mixed fuels with biocomponents synthesized from rapeseed, sunflower, mustard and corn oils. The thermophysical properties of the fuel (heat of combustion, thermal conductivity, heat capacity, density, kinematic viscosity, convective heat transfer, ignition temperature, cetane number, etc.) undergo significant changes when nanoparticles are introduced into it. The optimal amount of metal nanoparticles, metal oxides, carbon tubes, graphene in mineral, biodiesel or mixed fuel promotes more complete combustion, significantly improves engine performance, and reduces harmful emissions.
{"title":"INFLUENCE ON PISTON ENGINE PERFORMANCE BY THE BIOCOMPONENTS AND DIFFERENT TYPES OF NANO MATERIALS","authors":"А.М. Levterov, А.А. Levterov","doi":"10.20998/0419-8719.2021.2.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20998/0419-8719.2021.2.02","url":null,"abstract":"The obviousness of the finiteness of the planet's energy resources makes us constantly concern ourselves with the search for new energy sources and their rational use. The main energy converter is the internal combustion engine and contrary to forecasts, continues to occupy a leading position. Therefore, the issues of improving its working processes, reducing the consumption of mineral fuel, the possibility of using all kinds of alternative fuels and improving the quality of motor fuel continue to be considered throughout the energy world. On the agenda is the dissemination of advances in nanotechnology to the propulsion industry. Improvement of engine performance when using fuel dispersed with nanomaterials of various types is beyond doubt and is used both for pure petroleum and biodiesel and for their mixtures. In the article, against the background of the analysis of studies on the use of alternative biofuels and the introduction of the practice of introducing nanoparticles into petroleum fuel and biofuels as a potential energy carrier to improve the characteristics of toxicity and engine performance, the results of studies of a number of biofuels have been presented. Presented are the results of a study of the performance of a 1Ch 8.5 / 11 diesel engine carried out in the laboratory of IPMash NAS of Ukraine when operating on diesel fuel dispersed with carbon spheroidal nanoadditives of various concentrations, and some comparative results of studies of the indicators of diesel engines with direct injection 2Ch 10.5 / 12 and 4ChN 7.9 / 7.5 ALH, operating on standard and mixed fuels with biocomponents synthesized from rapeseed, sunflower, mustard and corn oils. The thermophysical properties of the fuel (heat of combustion, thermal conductivity, heat capacity, density, kinematic viscosity, convective heat transfer, ignition temperature, cetane number, etc.) undergo significant changes when nanoparticles are introduced into it. The optimal amount of metal nanoparticles, metal oxides, carbon tubes, graphene in mineral, biodiesel or mixed fuel promotes more complete combustion, significantly improves engine performance, and reduces harmful emissions.","PeriodicalId":35991,"journal":{"name":"Neiranji Xuebao/Transactions of CSICE (Chinese Society for Internal Combustion Engines)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73904522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-26DOI: 10.20998/0419-8719.2021.1.10
О. М. Kondratenko, V. A. Andronov, V. Koloskov, О. О. Tkachenko, Ye. V. Kapinos
In this study the approach and method on its basis for calculated assessment of reference values of complex fuel-ecological criterion of Prof. І. Parsadanov as separate independent ecological safety factor and as reference points of psychophysical scale of the partial desirability function when using it as the ecological safety factor of power plants with reciprocating internal combustion engines exploitation process was proposed. Also in the study calculated assessment of reference values of ecological indicators of reciprocating internal combustion engines as components of complex fuel-ecological criterion depending on magnitudes of effective power and coordinates of field of engine operating regimes for different levels of statutory ecological standards in force in Ukraine and previously in force was carried out. Thus, calculated assessment of reference values of complex fuel-ecological criterion and its components was performed and obtained the distribution of such reference values in field of 2Ch10.5/12 autotractor diesel engine operating regimes depending as well as dependences of such reference values on magnitudes of level of ecological standards EURO, engine effective performance and lower calorific value of engine fuel. So, the study for the first time proposes the approach to calculated assessment of reference values of the complex fuel-ecological criterion of Prof. І. Parsadanov as reference points of the psychophysical scale of the Harrington's partial desirability function when using it as the separate independent ecological safety factor of exploitation process of power plants with reciprocating ICE. The method, based on the proposed approach for calculative evaluation of reference values of the complex fuel-ecological criterion of Prof. I. Parsadanov as reference points of psychophysical scale of partial desirability function is suitable for obtaining necessary data for the complex criterion evaluation of the ecological safety level of operation process of power units with piston ICE using generalized Harrington desirability function, in the structure of which the complex fuel-ecological criterion acts as a distinct factor of environmental safety.
{"title":"DETERMINATION OF REFERENCE VALUES OF COMPLEX FUEL AND ECOLOGICAL CRITERION AS THE SEPARATE INDEPENDENT FACTOR OF ECOLOGICAL SAFETY","authors":"О. М. Kondratenko, V. A. Andronov, V. Koloskov, О. О. Tkachenko, Ye. V. Kapinos","doi":"10.20998/0419-8719.2021.1.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20998/0419-8719.2021.1.10","url":null,"abstract":"In this study the approach and method on its basis for calculated assessment of reference values of complex fuel-ecological criterion of Prof. І. Parsadanov as separate independent ecological safety factor and as reference points of psychophysical scale of the partial desirability function when using it as the ecological safety factor of power plants with reciprocating internal combustion engines exploitation process was proposed. Also in the study calculated assessment of reference values of ecological indicators of reciprocating internal combustion engines as components of complex fuel-ecological criterion depending on magnitudes of effective power and coordinates of field of engine operating regimes for different levels of statutory ecological standards in force in Ukraine and previously in force was carried out. Thus, calculated assessment of reference values of complex fuel-ecological criterion and its components was performed and obtained the distribution of such reference values in field of 2Ch10.5/12 autotractor diesel engine operating regimes depending as well as dependences of such reference values on magnitudes of level of ecological standards EURO, engine effective performance and lower calorific value of engine fuel. So, the study for the first time proposes the approach to calculated assessment of reference values of the complex fuel-ecological criterion of Prof. І. Parsadanov as reference points of the psychophysical scale of the Harrington's partial desirability function when using it as the separate independent ecological safety factor of exploitation process of power plants with reciprocating ICE. The method, based on the proposed approach for calculative evaluation of reference values of the complex fuel-ecological criterion of Prof. I. Parsadanov as reference points of psychophysical scale of partial desirability function is suitable for obtaining necessary data for the complex criterion evaluation of the ecological safety level of operation process of power units with piston ICE using generalized Harrington desirability function, in the structure of which the complex fuel-ecological criterion acts as a distinct factor of environmental safety.","PeriodicalId":35991,"journal":{"name":"Neiranji Xuebao/Transactions of CSICE (Chinese Society for Internal Combustion Engines)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81997489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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