Pub Date : 2022-09-13DOI: 10.20998/0419-8719.2022.1.10
О. Osetrov, S. Kravchenko, B. Chuchumenko
The use of hybrid power plants in road transport can significantly improve driving dynamics and driving comfort, reduce its operating fuel consumption and emissions of harmful substances with exhaust gases. Due to the large number of used cars with internal combustion engines (ICE) in Ukraine, it is of interest to convert them into a hybrid power drive. However, the analysis of the literature revealed extremely limited information about the work in this direction. The paper proposes a method for selecting the parameters of elements of a series hybrid power drive based on a used Chevrolet Lacetti car. The technique is based on the use of mathematical models of the working process of the internal combustion engine, the dynamics of the acceleration of the car, the determination of the parameters of the series hybrid power plant in the modes of the European NEDC test cycle. Using the developed mathematical models, the rated power of the traction electric motor is 86 kW, the nominal and maximum rotational speed of its shaft, respectively, are 1860 and 7000 min-1. It is shown that the car will accelerate to 100 km/h in 11.4 seconds, which fully satisfies the conditions of comfortable driving in urban conditions. As part of a hybrid power plant, the internal combustion engine operates in one mode. The paper substantiates the choice of the operating mode of the internal combustion engine, where it has the best fuel efficiency. At the same time, its power is 34 kW, and the crankshaft speed is 2200 min-1. Accordingly, the power of the current generator will be 30 kW at a shaft speed of 2200 min-1. The paper analyzes the influence of the battery capacity, the presence of braking energy recuperation, the operating range of battery capacity change on the average operating fuel consumption of internal combustion engines. It is shown that an increase in the battery capacity, the presence of recuperation, and the expansion of the operating range of changes in the battery capacity lead to an improvement in the operational fuel efficiency of an internal combustion engine. Based on the results of computational studies, the maximum battery capacity of 1.3 kWh was selected; the operating range of capacity change was 0.8 kWh. The use of elements with such parameters will ensure the average operating fuel consumption of the internal combustion engine is 6.5 l/100 km, and with the recovery of braking energy - 6 l/100 km.
{"title":"JUSTIFICATION OF THE PARAMETERS OF THE PASSENGER CAR SERIES HYBRID POWER PLAN","authors":"О. Osetrov, S. Kravchenko, B. Chuchumenko","doi":"10.20998/0419-8719.2022.1.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20998/0419-8719.2022.1.10","url":null,"abstract":"The use of hybrid power plants in road transport can significantly improve driving dynamics and driving comfort, reduce its operating fuel consumption and emissions of harmful substances with exhaust gases. Due to the large number of used cars with internal combustion engines (ICE) in Ukraine, it is of interest to convert them into a hybrid power drive. However, the analysis of the literature revealed extremely limited information about the work in this direction. The paper proposes a method for selecting the parameters of elements of a series hybrid power drive based on a used Chevrolet Lacetti car. The technique is based on the use of mathematical models of the working process of the internal combustion engine, the dynamics of the acceleration of the car, the determination of the parameters of the series hybrid power plant in the modes of the European NEDC test cycle. Using the developed mathematical models, the rated power of the traction electric motor is 86 kW, the nominal and maximum rotational speed of its shaft, respectively, are 1860 and 7000 min-1. It is shown that the car will accelerate to 100 km/h in 11.4 seconds, which fully satisfies the conditions of comfortable driving in urban conditions. As part of a hybrid power plant, the internal combustion engine operates in one mode. The paper substantiates the choice of the operating mode of the internal combustion engine, where it has the best fuel efficiency. At the same time, its power is 34 kW, and the crankshaft speed is 2200 min-1. Accordingly, the power of the current generator will be 30 kW at a shaft speed of 2200 min-1. The paper analyzes the influence of the battery capacity, the presence of braking energy recuperation, the operating range of battery capacity change on the average operating fuel consumption of internal combustion engines. It is shown that an increase in the battery capacity, the presence of recuperation, and the expansion of the operating range of changes in the battery capacity lead to an improvement in the operational fuel efficiency of an internal combustion engine. Based on the results of computational studies, the maximum battery capacity of 1.3 kWh was selected; the operating range of capacity change was 0.8 kWh. The use of elements with such parameters will ensure the average operating fuel consumption of the internal combustion engine is 6.5 l/100 km, and with the recovery of braking energy - 6 l/100 km.","PeriodicalId":35991,"journal":{"name":"Neiranji Xuebao/Transactions of CSICE (Chinese Society for Internal Combustion Engines)","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82312989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-07DOI: 10.20998/0419-8719.2022.1.08
O. Grytsyuk, D.V. Levchenko
The article indicates a way to solve the problem of improving the starting qualities and reducing the smoke of domestic gases of domestic diesel 4DTNA1 with direct fuel injection at low ambient temperatures by optimizing the parameters and elements of the starting system and idling by rational algorithms. To solve this problem, the need to conduct an experimental study of the starting qualities of an automobile diesel engine and to form a mathematical plan of the experiment for the next calculation study is substantiated. The basic provisions concerning the organization of multifactor experimental research of starting qualities of the automobile diesel are covered. The description and data of the characteristic of the physical model previously created for experimental research on the basis of the domestic automobile vortex chamber diesel 4DTNA are made. The peculiarities and advantages of the created physical model in relation to traditional solutions for research of starting qualities of automobile engines, in particular in use of external loading for reproduction of influence on motor oil of low temperature in the conditions of difficult access to climatic chambers are resulted. The choice of the vortex chamber sample of the physical model for conducting research of start-up due to perspective, reduced by 1-1.5 units, degree of compression and possibility of qualitative research of influence of pre-start heating of volume of the combustion chamber by a glow plug is substantiated. The actual values of the values of the selected 6, the most influential on the start-up process, linearly independent factors during the experimental study in accordance with the adopted plan with 77 test cold starts. It is noted that the actual result of the establishment of certain controlled factors is random with a certain error at the boundaries of the exact value in accordance with the orthogonal plan of the experiment. This variation of real values requires the use of a special mathematical apparatus implemented by the authors in the software product Approximation_LSM, when analyzing the results of a 6-factor experimental study.
{"title":"FORMATION OF THE MATHEMATICAL PLAN OF EXPERIMENT IN AUTOMOBILE DIESEL STARTING QUALITIES RESEARCH","authors":"O. Grytsyuk, D.V. Levchenko","doi":"10.20998/0419-8719.2022.1.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20998/0419-8719.2022.1.08","url":null,"abstract":"The article indicates a way to solve the problem of improving the starting qualities and reducing the smoke of domestic gases of domestic diesel 4DTNA1 with direct fuel injection at low ambient temperatures by optimizing the parameters and elements of the starting system and idling by rational algorithms. To solve this problem, the need to conduct an experimental study of the starting qualities of an automobile diesel engine and to form a mathematical plan of the experiment for the next calculation study is substantiated. The basic provisions concerning the organization of multifactor experimental research of starting qualities of the automobile diesel are covered. The description and data of the characteristic of the physical model previously created for experimental research on the basis of the domestic automobile vortex chamber diesel 4DTNA are made. The peculiarities and advantages of the created physical model in relation to traditional solutions for research of starting qualities of automobile engines, in particular in use of external loading for reproduction of influence on motor oil of low temperature in the conditions of difficult access to climatic chambers are resulted. The choice of the vortex chamber sample of the physical model for conducting research of start-up due to perspective, reduced by 1-1.5 units, degree of compression and possibility of qualitative research of influence of pre-start heating of volume of the combustion chamber by a glow plug is substantiated. The actual values of the values of the selected 6, the most influential on the start-up process, linearly independent factors during the experimental study in accordance with the adopted plan with 77 test cold starts. It is noted that the actual result of the establishment of certain controlled factors is random with a certain error at the boundaries of the exact value in accordance with the orthogonal plan of the experiment. This variation of real values requires the use of a special mathematical apparatus implemented by the authors in the software product Approximation_LSM, when analyzing the results of a 6-factor experimental study.","PeriodicalId":35991,"journal":{"name":"Neiranji Xuebao/Transactions of CSICE (Chinese Society for Internal Combustion Engines)","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81641460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-07DOI: 10.20998/0419-8719.2022.1.07
I. Bilousov, A. Marchenko, М.Ie. Rybalchenko, V. Savchuk, H.Ya. Tuluchenko
Technical condition assessment of marine internal combustion engines by the parameters and nature of the workflow is a common practice in their operation. Taking and analysis of indicator diagrams is a mandatory procedure provided by the rules of technical operation for the main range of large and medium-sized marine engines. There is a whole arsenal of indication means for such evaluation: from classical mechanical systems to electronic means of periodic or continuous action. The rapid development of electronic control systems and changes in approaches to logistics operations in maritime transport have imposed a number of limitations, somewhat narrowing the possibilities of using these methods. Most of the vessels that form the basis of the world merchant fleet were built 10...15 years ago. Information about the results of the indication of the engines of such vessels during bench tests is presented in the form of raster images. This complicates the process of using them as the reference needed to compare them with the actual diagrams obtained in operation by means of electronic control systems, which have replaced mechanical indicators over the past few years. In addition, tendencies to reduce the speed of vessels complicate, and often make it impossible to indicate the engines in the specified operating modes. As a result, the efficiency of using indicator diagrams to assess the current technical condition is sharply reduced. In this regard, there is an objective need to compare different methods of obtaining and storing information about the results of indication and in a unified method of presenting this information, convenient for processing and analysis. In addition, there is a need to develop methods for obtaining reference diagrams for nonspecific modes on the basis of processing the results of acceptance and commissioning bench tests of a particular engine to assess its technical condition by the results of indication on the partial load modes. This study is devoted to the comparison of different methods of presenting information and obtaining reference indicator diagrams for non-specific operating modes of engines.
{"title":"DEVELOPMENT OF METHODS FOR EVALUATION OF TECHNICAL CONDITION OF ENGINES ACCORDING TO THE RESULTS OF INDICATION OF WORKING PROCESS ON MODES DIFFERENT FROM NOMINAL","authors":"I. Bilousov, A. Marchenko, М.Ie. Rybalchenko, V. Savchuk, H.Ya. Tuluchenko","doi":"10.20998/0419-8719.2022.1.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20998/0419-8719.2022.1.07","url":null,"abstract":"Technical condition assessment of marine internal combustion engines by the parameters and nature of the workflow is a common practice in their operation. Taking and analysis of indicator diagrams is a mandatory procedure provided by the rules of technical operation for the main range of large and medium-sized marine engines. There is a whole arsenal of indication means for such evaluation: from classical mechanical systems to electronic means of periodic or continuous action. The rapid development of electronic control systems and changes in approaches to logistics operations in maritime transport have imposed a number of limitations, somewhat narrowing the possibilities of using these methods. Most of the vessels that form the basis of the world merchant fleet were built 10...15 years ago. Information about the results of the indication of the engines of such vessels during bench tests is presented in the form of raster images. This complicates the process of using them as the reference needed to compare them with the actual diagrams obtained in operation by means of electronic control systems, which have replaced mechanical indicators over the past few years. In addition, tendencies to reduce the speed of vessels complicate, and often make it impossible to indicate the engines in the specified operating modes. As a result, the efficiency of using indicator diagrams to assess the current technical condition is sharply reduced. In this regard, there is an objective need to compare different methods of obtaining and storing information about the results of indication and in a unified method of presenting this information, convenient for processing and analysis. In addition, there is a need to develop methods for obtaining reference diagrams for nonspecific modes on the basis of processing the results of acceptance and commissioning bench tests of a particular engine to assess its technical condition by the results of indication on the partial load modes. This study is devoted to the comparison of different methods of presenting information and obtaining reference indicator diagrams for non-specific operating modes of engines.","PeriodicalId":35991,"journal":{"name":"Neiranji Xuebao/Transactions of CSICE (Chinese Society for Internal Combustion Engines)","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81460791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-07DOI: 10.20998/0419-8719.2022.1.05
I. Parsadanov, I. Rykova
Over the past decades, research into combustion processes in internal combustion engines, additional processing of exhaust gases has led to a reduction in harmful emissions (nitrogen oxide NOx, unburned hydrocarbons СnНm, carbon monoxide CO and particulate matter). However, personal concern among scientists and the international community is caused by the increase in CO2 carbon dioxide emissions into the environment during the operation of power plants, which contributes to the increase of the "greenhouse effect". In order to determine effective technical solutions for improving diesel engines with the aim of reducing fuel consumption and emissions of harmful substances with exhaust gases, the Department of Internal Combustion Engines of the National Technical University "Kharkiv Polytechnic Institute" proposed a dimensionless complex criterion of fuel economy and exhaust gas toxicity, which provides information on the economic and environmental perfection of diesel engines. However, this criterion does not take into account the environmental impact of CO2 emissions. The work considers the conditions for taking into account the harmful effects of CO2 using the method of comprehensive assessment of fuel consumption and exhaust gas toxicity. The mass emission of CO2 for each mode of diesel operation is determined if the elemental composition of the fuel, its molecular weight, heat of combustion and consumption, composition and consumption of air, as well as environmental parameters are known. In order to provide an objective assessment of the effect of CO2 emitted from HG diesels on humans and the environment, it is necessary to introduce appropriate corrections that characterize its relative aggressiveness indicator. First of all, this is a correction that takes into account the effect of CO2 on various recipients, in addition to humans, and a correction that takes into account the possibility of accumulation of the substance in the components of the environment and in food chains, as well as its entry into the human body by non-inhalation. An objective scientific approach is necessary for the justification and implementation of the introduction of such amendments, which takes into account all the components of determining the negative impact of CO2 on humans and the environment: the greenhouse effect, climate change both in terms of direct impact and in the long-term perspective.
{"title":"ACCOUNTING FOR THE HARMFUL EFFECT OF CARBON DIOXIDE IN COMPREHENSIVE ASSESSMENT OF FUEL CONSUMPTION AND EXHAUST GASES TOXICITY DIESEL ENGINES","authors":"I. Parsadanov, I. Rykova","doi":"10.20998/0419-8719.2022.1.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20998/0419-8719.2022.1.05","url":null,"abstract":"Over the past decades, research into combustion processes in internal combustion engines, additional processing of exhaust gases has led to a reduction in harmful emissions (nitrogen oxide NOx, unburned hydrocarbons СnНm, carbon monoxide CO and particulate matter). However, personal concern among scientists and the international community is caused by the increase in CO2 carbon dioxide emissions into the environment during the operation of power plants, which contributes to the increase of the \"greenhouse effect\". In order to determine effective technical solutions for improving diesel engines with the aim of reducing fuel consumption and emissions of harmful substances with exhaust gases, the Department of Internal Combustion Engines of the National Technical University \"Kharkiv Polytechnic Institute\" proposed a dimensionless complex criterion of fuel economy and exhaust gas toxicity, which provides information on the economic and environmental perfection of diesel engines. However, this criterion does not take into account the environmental impact of CO2 emissions. The work considers the conditions for taking into account the harmful effects of CO2 using the method of comprehensive assessment of fuel consumption and exhaust gas toxicity. The mass emission of CO2 for each mode of diesel operation is determined if the elemental composition of the fuel, its molecular weight, heat of combustion and consumption, composition and consumption of air, as well as environmental parameters are known. In order to provide an objective assessment of the effect of CO2 emitted from HG diesels on humans and the environment, it is necessary to introduce appropriate corrections that characterize its relative aggressiveness indicator. First of all, this is a correction that takes into account the effect of CO2 on various recipients, in addition to humans, and a correction that takes into account the possibility of accumulation of the substance in the components of the environment and in food chains, as well as its entry into the human body by non-inhalation. An objective scientific approach is necessary for the justification and implementation of the introduction of such amendments, which takes into account all the components of determining the negative impact of CO2 on humans and the environment: the greenhouse effect, climate change both in terms of direct impact and in the long-term perspective.","PeriodicalId":35991,"journal":{"name":"Neiranji Xuebao/Transactions of CSICE (Chinese Society for Internal Combustion Engines)","volume":"85 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83068093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-07DOI: 10.20998/0419-8719.2022.1.04
A. Prokhorenko, S. Kravchenko, E. Solodky, M. Shelestov
The use of two-stage fuel injection into the diesel cylinder is an effective means of reducing the noise of its operation and reducing emissions of nitrogen oxides with exhaust gases. In this work, a computational-experimental study is based on a method in which part of the experimental indicator is replaced by the results of its numerical synthesis, performed using mathematical modeling of processes in the engine cylinder. The research was carried out on an experimental single-cylinder engine Ch8.8/8.2, equipped with a high-pressure fuel supply system. The mathematical model of working processes in the cylinder of the experimental engine is developed and identified. When studying the effect of two-stage combustion on the indicator process of the engine, the parameters that determine the law of fuel combustion, i.e. the angles of the beginning of the injection of the main and pilot portions of fuel changed. It is shown that the value of the indicator efficiency of the cycle is almost independent of the introduction and advancement at the angle of rotation of the crankshaft of the moment of pre-combustion at a constant ignition moment of the main portion of the fuel. However, reducing the starting angle of the pilot fuel injection leads to an increase in the maximum pressure of the cycle pz and the maximum rate of pressure rise, as a consequence of increasing engine noise. It is proved that it is possible to start the ignition of the main portion of the fuel without a significant decrease in the average indicator pressure and with a decrease in the values of pz and dr/dφmax when creating pre-combustion of fuel by 20 degrees turning the crankshaft to the main. The rational angle of advance of the injection of the pilot portion of fuel is 10 ... 12 deg. turning the crankshaft to inject the main portion. The obtained results show that the proposed measures - the introduction of pre-combustion 10… 25% of the cycle feed - can reduce the noise level of the engine while maintaining the level of the average indicator pressure and reduce the maximum cycle pressure.
{"title":"EFFECT OF TWO-STAGE FUEL COMBUSTION IN DIESEL CYLINDER ON ITS INDICATOR INDICATORS","authors":"A. Prokhorenko, S. Kravchenko, E. Solodky, M. Shelestov","doi":"10.20998/0419-8719.2022.1.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20998/0419-8719.2022.1.04","url":null,"abstract":"The use of two-stage fuel injection into the diesel cylinder is an effective means of reducing the noise of its operation and reducing emissions of nitrogen oxides with exhaust gases. In this work, a computational-experimental study is based on a method in which part of the experimental indicator is replaced by the results of its numerical synthesis, performed using mathematical modeling of processes in the engine cylinder. The research was carried out on an experimental single-cylinder engine Ch8.8/8.2, equipped with a high-pressure fuel supply system. The mathematical model of working processes in the cylinder of the experimental engine is developed and identified. When studying the effect of two-stage combustion on the indicator process of the engine, the parameters that determine the law of fuel combustion, i.e. the angles of the beginning of the injection of the main and pilot portions of fuel changed. \u0000It is shown that the value of the indicator efficiency of the cycle is almost independent of the introduction and advancement at the angle of rotation of the crankshaft of the moment of pre-combustion at a constant ignition moment of the main portion of the fuel. However, reducing the starting angle of the pilot fuel injection leads to an increase in the maximum pressure of the cycle pz and the maximum rate of pressure rise, as a consequence of increasing engine noise. \u0000It is proved that it is possible to start the ignition of the main portion of the fuel without a significant decrease in the average indicator pressure and with a decrease in the values of pz and dr/dφmax when creating pre-combustion of fuel by 20 degrees turning the crankshaft to the main. The rational angle of advance of the injection of the pilot portion of fuel is 10 ... 12 deg. turning the crankshaft to inject the main portion. The obtained results show that the proposed measures - the introduction of pre-combustion 10… 25% of the cycle feed - can reduce the noise level of the engine while maintaining the level of the average indicator pressure and reduce the maximum cycle pressure.","PeriodicalId":35991,"journal":{"name":"Neiranji Xuebao/Transactions of CSICE (Chinese Society for Internal Combustion Engines)","volume":"234 2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72936612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-07DOI: 10.20998/0419-8719.2022.1.09
M. Tkachuk, A. Marchenko, S. Kravchenko, M. Tkachuk, O. Veretelnyk, A.V. Grabovskyi, V. Veretelnyk
This paper considers the influence of material properties on the contact interaction of strengthened structural parts. Discrete-continual strengthening technology is used to process these parts. Contacting parts are made of different materials. On the one side there is an aluminum alloy part. A microscopic layer of oxide ceramics is grown on its surface. On the other side there is a cast iron or steel part with an archipelago of strengthened material spots introduced by the electric spark method on the surface. Hence, the first part is processed continually, and the second one is processed discretely. The influence of material properties in the strengthening zones on the contact interaction of such parts is studied. Recommendations regarding the choice of materials and technological modes of discrete-continual strengthening have been developed. In particular, it was established that the character of contact pressure distribution and Mises stresses significantly depends on the combination of the moduli of the oxide ceramic layer on the aluminum part and the discrete strengthening zone on the cast iron part. At the same time, with the growth of the elasticity modulus of the material of discrete strengthening zones, a qualitative change in these distributions occurs. The contact pressure in the central part of the contact area first acquires a minimum and then a maximum. At the same time, the influence of the elastic modulus of the oxide ceramic layer on the aluminum part is less pronounced. The relative level of contact pressure and von Mises stresses varies in the studied range of variation of the modulus of elasticity of materials of continual and discrete strengthening zones in a fairly wide corridor. Therefore, it is possible to control the level of controlled values. And therefore there is an opportunity to justify the choice of one or another material, as well as constructive and technological solutions when creating certain structure elements. Not only the level of contact pressure and von Mises stresses is important for rationalizing technical solutions of new machine components. Contact interaction determines the loads distribution between structural elements, which in a certain way directly affects their stress-strain state and strength. Also, a series of processes and states are launched in addition: friction, wear, bearing capacity. They depend on the distribution of contact forces. So, from a physical point of view, a “multi-physical” process is implemented, and from a technical point of view, this is a “multi-criteria” process. As a result, a number of competing requirements and limitations arise at each of the stages, which should be taken into account when justifying rational technical solutions for new products, in particular, internal combustion engines.
{"title":"MULTI-CRITERIA ANALYSIS OF CONTACT INTERACTION OF DISCRETE-CONTINUALLY STRENGTHENED PARTS","authors":"M. Tkachuk, A. Marchenko, S. Kravchenko, M. Tkachuk, O. Veretelnyk, A.V. Grabovskyi, V. Veretelnyk","doi":"10.20998/0419-8719.2022.1.09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20998/0419-8719.2022.1.09","url":null,"abstract":"This paper considers the influence of material properties on the contact interaction of strengthened structural parts. Discrete-continual strengthening technology is used to process these parts. Contacting parts are made of different materials. On the one side there is an aluminum alloy part. A microscopic layer of oxide ceramics is grown on its surface. On the other side there is a cast iron or steel part with an archipelago of strengthened material spots introduced by the electric spark method on the surface. Hence, the first part is processed continually, and the second one is processed discretely. The influence of material properties in the strengthening zones on the contact interaction of such parts is studied. Recommendations regarding the choice of materials and technological modes of discrete-continual strengthening have been developed. In particular, it was established that the character of contact pressure distribution and Mises stresses significantly depends on the combination of the moduli of the oxide ceramic layer on the aluminum part and the discrete strengthening zone on the cast iron part. At the same time, with the growth of the elasticity modulus of the material of discrete strengthening zones, a qualitative change in these distributions occurs. The contact pressure in the central part of the contact area first acquires a minimum and then a maximum. At the same time, the influence of the elastic modulus of the oxide ceramic layer on the aluminum part is less pronounced. The relative level of contact pressure and von Mises stresses varies in the studied range of variation of the modulus of elasticity of materials of continual and discrete strengthening zones in a fairly wide corridor. Therefore, it is possible to control the level of controlled values. And therefore there is an opportunity to justify the choice of one or another material, as well as constructive and technological solutions when creating certain structure elements. Not only the level of contact pressure and von Mises stresses is important for rationalizing technical solutions of new machine components. Contact interaction determines the loads distribution between structural elements, which in a certain way directly affects their stress-strain state and strength. Also, a series of processes and states are launched in addition: friction, wear, bearing capacity. They depend on the distribution of contact forces. So, from a physical point of view, a “multi-physical” process is implemented, and from a technical point of view, this is a “multi-criteria” process. As a result, a number of competing requirements and limitations arise at each of the stages, which should be taken into account when justifying rational technical solutions for new products, in particular, internal combustion engines.","PeriodicalId":35991,"journal":{"name":"Neiranji Xuebao/Transactions of CSICE (Chinese Society for Internal Combustion Engines)","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86166377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-07DOI: 10.20998/0419-8719.2022.1.06
O. Kondratenko, V. A. Andronov, T. R. Polishchuk, N. D. Kasionkina, V. A. Krasnov
This study proposed the approach and method on its basis for carrying out of the calculated assessment of the values of the comprehensive fuel and environmental criterion of Prof. I. Parsadanov as the indicator of the ecological safety level of the exploitation process of power plants with diesel reciprocating internal combustion engine, considering the mass hourly emissions of engine fuel vapor caused by the phenomena of large and small breathing of reservoirs. The purpose of the study is to develop the method for taking into account the parameters of pollutant emissions into the environment, such as motor fuel vapors due to the phenomena of large and small breathing of the power plant fuel tanks, as an independent factor of ecological safety. The calculated assessment according to the proposed method is carried out considering the properties of engine fuel, degree of a fuel tank filling, features of model of the engine operation, daily difference of atmospheric air temperature and settings of the respiratory valve of the tank. It is found that considering the emission of engine fuel vapors caused by the phenomenon of small breathing has almost no effect on the level of environmental safety, but for the option of taking into account the effect of the phenomenon of large breathing, such an effect is significant. The scientific novelty of the obtained results is that for the first time a method for considering the emission of engine fuel vapors caused by large and small breathing of fuel tanks of reciprocating internal combustion engines in complex criteria-based assessment of ecological safety. The practical value of the obtained results is that they are suitable for quantitative and qualitative assessment of the studied effects and development on this basis of technical solutions and organizational measures to reduce or eliminate them by developing appropriate environmental protection technology with actuators on a methodological basis of environmental safety management system, including the use of other steady standardized testing cycles as models of engine operation.
{"title":"ACCOUNTING THE EMISSIONS OF ENGINE FUEL VAPORS IN THE CRITERIA-BASED ASSESSMENT OF THE ECOLOGICAL SAFETY LEVEL OF POWER PLANTS WITH RECIPROCATING ICE EXPLOITATION PROCESS","authors":"O. Kondratenko, V. A. Andronov, T. R. Polishchuk, N. D. Kasionkina, V. A. Krasnov","doi":"10.20998/0419-8719.2022.1.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20998/0419-8719.2022.1.06","url":null,"abstract":"This study proposed the approach and method on its basis for carrying out of the calculated assessment of the values of the comprehensive fuel and environmental criterion of Prof. I. Parsadanov as the indicator of the ecological safety level of the exploitation process of power plants with diesel reciprocating internal combustion engine, considering the mass hourly emissions of engine fuel vapor caused by the phenomena of large and small breathing of reservoirs. The purpose of the study is to develop the method for taking into account the parameters of pollutant emissions into the environment, such as motor fuel vapors due to the phenomena of large and small breathing of the power plant fuel tanks, as an independent factor of ecological safety. The calculated assessment according to the proposed method is carried out considering the properties of engine fuel, degree of a fuel tank filling, features of model of the engine operation, daily difference of atmospheric air temperature and settings of the respiratory valve of the tank. It is found that considering the emission of engine fuel vapors caused by the phenomenon of small breathing has almost no effect on the level of environmental safety, but for the option of taking into account the effect of the phenomenon of large breathing, such an effect is significant. The scientific novelty of the obtained results is that for the first time a method for considering the emission of engine fuel vapors caused by large and small breathing of fuel tanks of reciprocating internal combustion engines in complex criteria-based assessment of ecological safety. The practical value of the obtained results is that they are suitable for quantitative and qualitative assessment of the studied effects and development on this basis of technical solutions and organizational measures to reduce or eliminate them by developing appropriate environmental protection technology with actuators on a methodological basis of environmental safety management system, including the use of other steady standardized testing cycles as models of engine operation.","PeriodicalId":35991,"journal":{"name":"Neiranji Xuebao/Transactions of CSICE (Chinese Society for Internal Combustion Engines)","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85302509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-07DOI: 10.20998/0419-8719.2022.1.02
A. Trynov, D. Sivykh
To increase the reliability of small turbochargers, in particular the bearing unit, it is proposed to use in the automatic mode of local cooling of the bearing with compressed air. The design of the turbocharger with the central case which houses the bearing and to which engine oil from the engine lubrication system is brought under excess pressure is considered. This design is the most common among turbochargers of tractor engines. Forced engine modes can be critical for the bearing, accompanied by fluctuations in the exhaust gas temperature, for example, due to an uncontrolled increase in cyclic supply, a sharp increase in load. Such modes lead to an increase in temperature deformations of the turbine wheel, rotor, reduce the reliability of the turbocharger. Heat dissipation from the rotor through the bearing assembly into the lubrication system is insufficient, additional short-term local cooling is required. The study simulated heat transfer processes in the bearing assembly of a small turbocharger using the developed mathematical model based on the finite element method. To clarify the model, namely the boundary conditions of the thermal conductivity problem, a series of non-motorized experiments with a locally cooled bearing were performed. In the course of non-motorized experiments, the algorithm of the automatic control system operation was worked out, some of its structural elements were selected and tested in practice. Conducted non-motorized experiments and the results of mathematical modeling confirmed the effectiveness of using the system of automatic local cooling of the bearing assembly. These measures increase the reliability of small turbochargers.
{"title":"DEVELOPMENT OF MEASURES TO INCREASE RELIABILITY TURBOCHARGER BEARING UNIT AUTOTRACTOR DIESEL ENGINE","authors":"A. Trynov, D. Sivykh","doi":"10.20998/0419-8719.2022.1.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20998/0419-8719.2022.1.02","url":null,"abstract":"To increase the reliability of small turbochargers, in particular the bearing unit, it is proposed to use in the automatic mode of local cooling of the bearing with compressed air. The design of the turbocharger with the central case which houses the bearing and to which engine oil from the engine lubrication system is brought under excess pressure is considered. This design is the most common among turbochargers of tractor engines. Forced engine modes can be critical for the bearing, accompanied by fluctuations in the exhaust gas temperature, for example, due to an uncontrolled increase in cyclic supply, a sharp increase in load. Such modes lead to an increase in temperature deformations of the turbine wheel, rotor, reduce the reliability of the turbocharger. Heat dissipation from the rotor through the bearing assembly into the lubrication system is insufficient, additional short-term local cooling is required. The study simulated heat transfer processes in the bearing assembly of a small turbocharger using the developed mathematical model based on the finite element method. To clarify the model, namely the boundary conditions of the thermal conductivity problem, a series of non-motorized experiments with a locally cooled bearing were performed. In the course of non-motorized experiments, the algorithm of the automatic control system operation was worked out, some of its structural elements were selected and tested in practice. Conducted non-motorized experiments and the results of mathematical modeling confirmed the effectiveness of using the system of automatic local cooling of the bearing assembly. These measures increase the reliability of small turbochargers.","PeriodicalId":35991,"journal":{"name":"Neiranji Xuebao/Transactions of CSICE (Chinese Society for Internal Combustion Engines)","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86659418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-01DOI: 10.20998/0419-8719.2022.1.01
A. Marchenko, O. Linkov, V. Pylyov, S. Lykov, R. Aryan, V. Pylyov
The design of modern power plants involves conducting calculation studies on the compliance of the structure with the established parameters of reliability and resource provision. However, there are cases when the structure, which according to the calculations is operational, fails in operation even before approaching the limit of its resource, and sometimes even at the beginning of operation. Such cases occur due to the fact that the materials used in the construction work at the limit of their strength, and sometimes crossing it, because in recent years there has been a constant increase in the capacity of power plants while maintaining the requirements for their resource. Thus, it becomes necessary to supplement the models to take into account a complex of factors affecting the physical and parametric reliability of the structure. The paper analyzes publications and sets a task for research, analyzes the main problems of loss of physical and parametric reliability of the piston, as one of the most thermally loaded structural elements, analyzes the thermally stressed state of characteristic critical zones of the piston, shows ways to ensure the reliability of pistons through adjusting the temperature state of structures. Based on the results of the analysis, the model for predicting the reliability of heat-stressed zones of parts of the cylinder-piston group was improved, the corresponding scheme of the integrated software complex was proposed, and the requirements for its application were formulated. The basis of the approach is the application of the criterion of physical reliability of structures and two criteria of their parametric reliability - from wear of friction pairs and not exceeding the creep limit of the material. This work makes it possible to obtain a design that is guaranteed to satisfy the requirements for physical and parametric reliability. The need for further work in the direction of expanding information about the properties of materials used in structures is also shown.
{"title":"CONCEPTUAL ISSUES ON ENSURING THE RELIABILITY OF A FORCED DIESEL ENGINES PISTONS DURING A GIVEN RESOURCE","authors":"A. Marchenko, O. Linkov, V. Pylyov, S. Lykov, R. Aryan, V. Pylyov","doi":"10.20998/0419-8719.2022.1.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20998/0419-8719.2022.1.01","url":null,"abstract":"The design of modern power plants involves conducting calculation studies on the compliance of the structure with the established parameters of reliability and resource provision. However, there are cases when the structure, which according to the calculations is operational, fails in operation even before approaching the limit of its resource, and sometimes even at the beginning of operation. Such cases occur due to the fact that the materials used in the construction work at the limit of their strength, and sometimes crossing it, because in recent years there has been a constant increase in the capacity of power plants while maintaining the requirements for their resource. Thus, it becomes necessary to supplement the models to take into account a complex of factors affecting the physical and parametric reliability of the structure. The paper analyzes publications and sets a task for research, analyzes the main problems of loss of physical and parametric reliability of the piston, as one of the most thermally loaded structural elements, analyzes the thermally stressed state of characteristic critical zones of the piston, shows ways to ensure the reliability of pistons through adjusting the temperature state of structures. Based on the results of the analysis, the model for predicting the reliability of heat-stressed zones of parts of the cylinder-piston group was improved, the corresponding scheme of the integrated software complex was proposed, and the requirements for its application were formulated. The basis of the approach is the application of the criterion of physical reliability of structures and two criteria of their parametric reliability - from wear of friction pairs and not exceeding the creep limit of the material. This work makes it possible to obtain a design that is guaranteed to satisfy the requirements for physical and parametric reliability. The need for further work in the direction of expanding information about the properties of materials used in structures is also shown.","PeriodicalId":35991,"journal":{"name":"Neiranji Xuebao/Transactions of CSICE (Chinese Society for Internal Combustion Engines)","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81619917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-26DOI: 10.20998/0419-8719.2021.1.11
А.А. Lisoval
The results of experimental researches were received on a gas-electric installation with a rated power of 30 kW at 1500 rpm. The spark-ignited petrol drive engine (8-cylinder, 100 mm cylinder diameter, 88 mm stroke) was converted to a pure gas one. The compression ratio of 8.5 did not change. The gas fuel supply system consists of a supply line and an emergency shut-off circuit. The natural gas supply line was connected to the domestic main line through a special gas distributor. On the basis of HEINZMANN components, a system for dosing mixed gas fuel was developed, which, through a microprocessor control unit and an actuator, acted on the throttle valve of the gas mixer. In experimental researches, the composite fuel was a model gas – a mixture of natural and carbon dioxide gases, which was prepared in a zero pressure reducer before the gas mixer. With an increase in the volume fraction of carbon dioxide in the model gas by more than 34 %, a deterioration of the combustion process was observed in the steady state. In the article, based on the analysis of the experimental results of the operation of a piston gas engine on a model gas, an algorithm for the use of associated automatic control of biogas and methane feeds is substantiated. The transition from quantitative to qualitative regulation of the gas-air mixture has been substantiated. To do this, it is necessary to create two automatic control loops for the supply of air and a mixture of natural gas, which are interconnected through an external load. With the developed algorithm, as the load increases, the supply of natural gas increases, and the supply of biogas decreases. With an increase in the load of 75 % or more, a more intensive enrichment of the fuel mixture with natural gas occurs than at low and medium loads. The proposed algorithm for regulating the fuel mixture can be implemented using electromagnetic gas injectors for dosing the components of the composite fuel. Signals from sensors for oxygen and methane content in exhaust gases were selected as corrective links for the coupled control algorithm. Recommendations on the choice of tuning modes for oxygen and methane sensors have been developed.
{"title":"RELATED REGULATION OF BIOGAS SUPPLIES AND METHANE IN A GAS ENGINE","authors":"А.А. Lisoval","doi":"10.20998/0419-8719.2021.1.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20998/0419-8719.2021.1.11","url":null,"abstract":"The results of experimental researches were received on a gas-electric installation with a rated power of 30 kW at 1500 rpm. The spark-ignited petrol drive engine (8-cylinder, 100 mm cylinder diameter, 88 mm stroke) was converted to a pure gas one. The compression ratio of 8.5 did not change. The gas fuel supply system consists of a supply line and an emergency shut-off circuit. The natural gas supply line was connected to the domestic main line through a special gas distributor. On the basis of HEINZMANN components, a system for dosing mixed gas fuel was developed, which, through a microprocessor control unit and an actuator, acted on the throttle valve of the gas mixer. In experimental researches, the composite fuel was a model gas – a mixture of natural and carbon dioxide gases, which was prepared in a zero pressure reducer before the gas mixer. With an increase in the volume fraction of carbon dioxide in the model gas by more than 34 %, a deterioration of the combustion process was observed in the steady state. In the article, based on the analysis of the experimental results of the operation of a piston gas engine on a model gas, an algorithm for the use of associated automatic control of biogas and methane feeds is substantiated. The transition from quantitative to qualitative regulation of the gas-air mixture has been substantiated. To do this, it is necessary to create two automatic control loops for the supply of air and a mixture of natural gas, which are interconnected through an external load. With the developed algorithm, as the load increases, the supply of natural gas increases, and the supply of biogas decreases. With an increase in the load of 75 % or more, a more intensive enrichment of the fuel mixture with natural gas occurs than at low and medium loads. The proposed algorithm for regulating the fuel mixture can be implemented using electromagnetic gas injectors for dosing the components of the composite fuel. Signals from sensors for oxygen and methane content in exhaust gases were selected as corrective links for the coupled control algorithm. Recommendations on the choice of tuning modes for oxygen and methane sensors have been developed.","PeriodicalId":35991,"journal":{"name":"Neiranji Xuebao/Transactions of CSICE (Chinese Society for Internal Combustion Engines)","volume":"56 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76740838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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