Pub Date : 2019-12-12DOI: 10.6092/ISSN.2421-4124/10136
F. Focher
After successfully relaunching the epigenetic theory of generation, reinterpreted in the light of Newtonian attraction and chemical affinities ("Venus physique", 1745), Pierre-Louis Moreau de Maupertuis (1698-1759) deepened his theoretical investigations in the field of the genesis of organisms and species in the "Systeme de la Nature" (1754). In this work, in order to reconcile the scientific postulate of objectivity - which rejects the recourse to final causes - with the evident teleonomic properties of living beings, and at the same time recognizing inadequate for this purpose the mechanistic principles he advanced in the "Venus physique", Maupertuis proposed a bold panpsychist theory of life, of Spinozian inspiration. Therefore, by postulating the matter alive, endowed with instinct and feeling, Maupertuis imagined that some form of intelligence or psychic memory, associated with matter, directed the development of living beings. In light of recent discoveries in biology, the original psychobiological determinism advanced by Maupertuis in the "Systeme de la Nature" appears to be a brilliant intuition of the logic of genetic and evolutionary processes.
在成功地重新启动了表观遗传的生成理论，并根据牛顿的引力和化学亲和(“维纳斯形体”，1745)重新解释后，皮埃尔-路易斯·莫罗(1698-1759)在《自然系统》(1754)中深化了他在生物和物种起源领域的理论研究。在这部作品中，为了调和客观性的科学假设——拒绝诉诸最终原因——与生物明显的目的论特性，同时认识到他在“维纳斯形体”中提出的机械原理不足以达到这一目的，莫珀蒂提出了一个大胆的泛心论的生命理论，即斯宾诺莎的灵感。因此，莫珀蒂假定物质是有生命的，具有本能和感情，他设想某种形式的智慧或精神记忆，与物质联系在一起，指导着生物的发展。从生物学的最新发现来看，Maupertuis在《自然系统》(Systeme de la Nature)中提出的最初的心理生物学决定论似乎是对遗传和进化过程逻辑的杰出直觉。
{"title":"The logic of life in Maupertuis: from Newtonian attraction to psychobiological determinism","authors":"F. Focher","doi":"10.6092/ISSN.2421-4124/10136","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6092/ISSN.2421-4124/10136","url":null,"abstract":"After successfully relaunching the epigenetic theory of generation, reinterpreted in the light of Newtonian attraction and chemical affinities (\"Venus physique\", 1745), Pierre-Louis Moreau de Maupertuis (1698-1759) deepened his theoretical investigations in the field of the genesis of organisms and species in the \"Systeme de la Nature\" (1754). In this work, in order to reconcile the scientific postulate of objectivity - which rejects the recourse to final causes - with the evident teleonomic properties of living beings, and at the same time recognizing inadequate for this purpose the mechanistic principles he advanced in the \"Venus physique\", Maupertuis proposed a bold panpsychist theory of life, of Spinozian inspiration. Therefore, by postulating the matter alive, endowed with instinct and feeling, Maupertuis imagined that some form of intelligence or psychic memory, associated with matter, directed the development of living beings. In light of recent discoveries in biology, the original psychobiological determinism advanced by Maupertuis in the \"Systeme de la Nature\" appears to be a brilliant intuition of the logic of genetic and evolutionary processes.","PeriodicalId":36096,"journal":{"name":"Montesquieu.it","volume":"27 6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83532264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-11-28DOI: 10.6092/ISSN.2421-4124/10065
Natale Vescio
Nicola Nicolini, grande penalista, allievo di Pagano, e stato tra i principali protagonisti della codificazione napoletana (1819). Di formazione storicista, ha tentato di sostenere una graduale, ma significativa, evoluzione del diritto e del processo penale. Ha sostenuto l’esperimento costituzionale del 1820 e l’adozione del modello gaditano, in cui ha individuato uno strumento fonda-mentale per lo smantellamento dell’armamentario assolutista ed una progressiva trasformazione del sistema in senso piu ‘liberale’.
{"title":"Nicola Nicolini and moderate constitutionalism","authors":"Natale Vescio","doi":"10.6092/ISSN.2421-4124/10065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6092/ISSN.2421-4124/10065","url":null,"abstract":"Nicola Nicolini, grande penalista, allievo di Pagano, e stato tra i principali protagonisti della codificazione napoletana (1819). Di formazione storicista, ha tentato di sostenere una graduale, ma significativa, evoluzione del diritto e del processo penale. Ha sostenuto l’esperimento costituzionale del 1820 e l’adozione del modello gaditano, in cui ha individuato uno strumento fonda-mentale per lo smantellamento dell’armamentario assolutista ed una progressiva trasformazione del sistema in senso piu ‘liberale’.","PeriodicalId":36096,"journal":{"name":"Montesquieu.it","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73148491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-30DOI: 10.6092/ISSN.2421-4124/9957
Paolo Frisi
Reproduction of the first Italian edition (Milan, Galeazzi, 1786) of the "Eulogy of Mr. d'Alembert" of the Milanese mathematician and astronomer Paolo Frisi (1728-1784), who studied and trained on the scientific writings of the co-director of the "Encyclopedie", with whom entertained a dense correspondence that testifies to their custom and their friendship, sealed in several Parisian meetings. In the "Eulogy", warmly composed shortly after hearing the news of d'Alembert's death (29 October 1783), the Milanese enlightenment reconstructs minutely and with extreme precision the succession of the works and publications of the great encyclopedist, placing it in the history of the revolution scientific after Galileo and Newton, and formulating sober and balanced judgments also on dalembertian philosophical and literary writings, such as the "Discours preliminaire" (1751), the "Essai sur la societe des gens de lettres et des grands" (1753), the "Analyse de l 'Esprit des lois (1755) and "Sur la destruction des jesuites en France (1765).
{"title":"Eulogy of Mr. d'Alembert","authors":"Paolo Frisi","doi":"10.6092/ISSN.2421-4124/9957","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6092/ISSN.2421-4124/9957","url":null,"abstract":"Reproduction of the first Italian edition (Milan, Galeazzi, 1786) of the \"Eulogy of Mr. d'Alembert\" of the Milanese mathematician and astronomer Paolo Frisi (1728-1784), who studied and trained on the scientific writings of the co-director of the \"Encyclopedie\", with whom entertained a dense correspondence that testifies to their custom and their friendship, sealed in several Parisian meetings. In the \"Eulogy\", warmly composed shortly after hearing the news of d'Alembert's death (29 October 1783), the Milanese enlightenment reconstructs minutely and with extreme precision the succession of the works and publications of the great encyclopedist, placing it in the history of the revolution scientific after Galileo and Newton, and formulating sober and balanced judgments also on dalembertian philosophical and literary writings, such as the \"Discours preliminaire\" (1751), the \"Essai sur la societe des gens de lettres et des grands\" (1753), the \"Analyse de l 'Esprit des lois (1755) and \"Sur la destruction des jesuites en France (1765).","PeriodicalId":36096,"journal":{"name":"Montesquieu.it","volume":"192 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77605785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-17DOI: 10.6092/ISSN.2421-4124/9926
Davide Arecco
Three centuries ago, Giuseppe Baretti was born in Turin. This essay traces its personality, voyages and movements, with particular attention to never easy relationships with the Italian Enlightenment and for those decidedly better with British intellectual world, known by the Piedmontese journalist and writer through two long stays full of books and various activities. After three hundred years, a controversial and not without charm, emblematic and fascinating figure of XVIIIth century culture emerges again.
{"title":"Giuseppe Baretti, English Enlightenment and Eighteenth century Italy: a review in the three hundredth anniversary of birth","authors":"Davide Arecco","doi":"10.6092/ISSN.2421-4124/9926","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6092/ISSN.2421-4124/9926","url":null,"abstract":"Three centuries ago, Giuseppe Baretti was born in Turin. This essay traces its personality, voyages and movements, with particular attention to never easy relationships with the Italian Enlightenment and for those decidedly better with British intellectual world, known by the Piedmontese journalist and writer through two long stays full of books and various activities. After three hundred years, a controversial and not without charm, emblematic and fascinating figure of XVIIIth century culture emerges again.","PeriodicalId":36096,"journal":{"name":"Montesquieu.it","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77267077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"\"PREFACE\" TO VOLTAIRE, \"THOUGHTS ON VARIOUS SUBJECTS. THIRD MILLENNIUM GUIDE \", ED. BY D. FELICE, MILAN, MIMESIS, 2019","authors":"Ernesto Ferrero","doi":"10.6092/ISSN.2421-4124/10401","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6092/ISSN.2421-4124/10401","url":null,"abstract":"\"Preface\" to Voltaire, \"Thoughts on Various Subjects. Third Millennium Guide\", edited by Domenico Felice, Milan, Mimesis, 2019, 533 p.","PeriodicalId":36096,"journal":{"name":"Montesquieu.it","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90645748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-10DOI: 10.6092/ISSN.2421-4124/9918
J. D'alembert
La presente traduzione si basa sul testo delle "Reflexions sur l’histoire, et sur les differentes manieres de l’ecrire", pubblicato nelle "Œuvres completes de d’Alembert", Paris, Belin, 1821-1822, 4 voll., vol. II (contenente: "Reflexions sur l’histoire" – "Sur la destruction des jesuites "– "Memoires sur Christine" – "Eloges historiques"), parte I, pp. 1-10. La prima edizione del testo delle "Reflexions sur l’histoire, lues a l’Academie Francaise dans la seance publique du 19 janvier 1761" fu stampata nei "Melanges de litterature, d’histoire, et de philosophie", 5 tt., Amsterdam, Chatelain, 1764-1767, t. V (1767), pp. 469-494.
本翻译是基于文本的“Reflexions sur历史,et sur les differentes manieres de l’ecrire”,发表在“Œuvres completes de成为“巴黎、Belin 1821-1822、4卷。，第二卷(包括“对历史的反思”-“对耶稣的毁灭”-“对克莉丝汀的记忆”-“历史的赞扬”)，第一部分，第1-10页。1761年1月19日，《历史上的反思》的第一版发表在《文学、历史和哲学的忧郁》中。，阿姆斯特丹，Chatelain, 1764-1767, tv(1767)，第469-494页。
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Pub Date : 2019-07-29DOI: 10.6092/ISSN.2421-4124/9738
Gaetano Antonio Gualtieri
La recensione mette in evidenza la complessita dell’operazione compiuta da Domenico Felice e dai suoi collaboratori nel preparare il volume dedicato agli Scritti postumi di Montesquieu. Gli scritti raccolti nel volume sono di lunghezza e valore assai diversi e si riferiscono a tematiche molto variegate, che spaziano da brevi componimenti poetici a scritti scientifici e filosofici, senza trascurare veri e propri saggi monografici incompiuti o non del tutto rifiniti e romanzi filosofici. In tutto questo, il volume fa emergere, accanto alla versatilita del filosofo francese, il suo ruolo di fondatore sistematico di una scienza dell’uomo, del diritto e della scienza politica moderna. I ragguagli tecnici e editoriali, nonche le considerazioni, inseriti nella Nota al testo da cui ogni opera e preceduta, offrono una completezza di informazioni che rende manifesta una visione a tutto tondo del filosofo di La Brede.
{"title":"THE OBSERVER OF HUMAN MATTERS. About Montesquieu, Scritti postumi (1757-2006). I miei pensieri. I miei viaggi. Saggi. Romanzi filosofici. Memorie e discorsi accademici. Poesie, Italian translation with French parallel text, edited by Domenico Felice, Milano, Giunti-Bompiani, 2017, pp. LXXXI-2668","authors":"Gaetano Antonio Gualtieri","doi":"10.6092/ISSN.2421-4124/9738","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6092/ISSN.2421-4124/9738","url":null,"abstract":"La recensione mette in evidenza la complessita dell’operazione compiuta da Domenico Felice e dai suoi collaboratori nel preparare il volume dedicato agli Scritti postumi di Montesquieu. Gli scritti raccolti nel volume sono di lunghezza e valore assai diversi e si riferiscono a tematiche molto variegate, che spaziano da brevi componimenti poetici a scritti scientifici e filosofici, senza trascurare veri e propri saggi monografici incompiuti o non del tutto rifiniti e romanzi filosofici. In tutto questo, il volume fa emergere, accanto alla versatilita del filosofo francese, il suo ruolo di fondatore sistematico di una scienza dell’uomo, del diritto e della scienza politica moderna. I ragguagli tecnici e editoriali, nonche le considerazioni, inseriti nella Nota al testo da cui ogni opera e preceduta, offrono una completezza di informazioni che rende manifesta una visione a tutto tondo del filosofo di La Brede.","PeriodicalId":36096,"journal":{"name":"Montesquieu.it","volume":"87 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85831926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-03-10DOI: 10.6092/ISSN.2421-4124/9188
Riccardo Bonfiglioli
The purpose of this review is to highlight the main features of the book "Karl Marx. Biografia intellettuale e politica. 1857-1883" written by Marcello Musto. An attempt will be made to underline the importance of the relation between theory and biographical events of Marx’s life, in the background of his historical time, as a key for a greater understanding of Marx’s works.
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Pub Date : 2019-02-02DOI: 10.6092/ISSN.2421-4124/9029
Marco Storni
The paper deals with Pierre-Louis Moreau de Maupertuis’s (1698-1759) writings on the principle of least action (PLA). I discuss Maupertuis’s philosophical interpretation of the PLA by analysing three of his papers (1740, 1744, 1746), in order to assess the overall consistency of his argument. As I shall argue, Maupertuis presents the PLA as a universal principle of nature, this being at odds with the empiricist inspiration of his epistemology. Maupertuis’s attempt to introduce conceptual elements borrowed from the Leibnizian tradition into a Newtonian-inspired framework creates in fact a tension that is difficult to overcome.
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Pub Date : 2019-01-30DOI: 10.6092/ISSN.2421-4124/8989
Piero Venturelli
The present article takes into exam the French-Italian literary controversy that took place in 1765 and which, despite its brief duration, revived the national sentiment in a wide portion of the Italian cultured world. The dispute began in response to an anonymous "Lettre", although sent by the French Alexandre Deleyre (1726-1797), published on march 1765 in the Parisian journal "Gazette litteraire de l’Europe": according to the controversial Encyclopedist, eighteenth century Italy was in full moral, cultural, political and economic decadence. The Italian poet Agostino Paradisi il Giovane (1736-1783) sent to the Venetian journal «La Minerva» a very well informed anonymous "Epistola". It was printed on october 1765, and is to be considered the clearest and most thoughtful response from the Italian side to Deleyre’s denounces and accusations.
本文考察了发生在1765年的法国-意大利文学论战，这场论战尽管持续时间很短，但却在意大利文化界的大部分地区重新唤起了民族情绪。争论开始于一封匿名的“信”，尽管是由法国人亚历山大·德雷耶(1726-1797)寄来的，并于1765年3月发表在巴黎的《欧洲文学公报》上:根据有争议的《百科全书》，18世纪的意大利在道德、文化、政治和经济上都处于全面的颓废状态。意大利诗人Agostino Paradisi il Giovane(1736-1783)向威尼斯杂志《La Minerva》发送了一篇消息灵通的匿名“Epistola”。它于1765年10月出版，被认为是意大利方面对德雷耶的谴责和指责最明确和最深思熟虑的回应。
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