Clinical Nutrition Open Science最新文献

{"title":"Supplementation of Arjun (Terminalia arjuna) bark powder prevented oxidative stress and enhanced antioxidants in kidneys on isoproterenol-treated Swiss albino mice model","authors":"Rashedul Haque ,&nbsp;Sajib Paul ,&nbsp;Md. Tipu Sultan ,&nbsp;Faizul Islam Chowdhury ,&nbsp;Md. Kawser ,&nbsp;Shariful Islam Nayan ,&nbsp;S.M. Hafiz Hassan ,&nbsp;Afsana Kabir Chowdhury ,&nbsp;Raiyana Huda ,&nbsp;Sauda Sumaya Dina ,&nbsp;Sheikh Zahir Raihan","doi":"10.1016/j.nutos.2025.01.013","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nutos.2025.01.013","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study aimed to investigate the impact of Arjun on the oxidative stress levels in the renal system. Oxidative stress induces renal injury, resulting in a range of problems including renal damage, renal dysfunction, and chronic kidney disease. The objective of this study was to investigate the antioxidant properties and efficacy of Arjun in mitigating oxidative stress and renal damage induced by isoproterenol. A total of twenty-four mice were divided into four groups, with each group consisting of six mice. The body weight of each mouse in the groups was recorded daily. The weight of the organ, such as the kidney, while it was wet, was also recorded. Plasma levels of creatinine and uric acid were assessed using biochemical analysis. Plasma and kidney samples were analyzed to assess MDA, NO, and MPO levels as indicators of oxidative stress. Creatinine plasma (ISO- 1.6043 mg/dL, ISO + Arjun 2.5%- 1.4124 mg/dL, <em>P =</em> 0.0081) and in uric acid plasma (ISO- 3.2201, ISO + Arjun 2.5%- 2.8033, <em>P =</em> 0.0057). MDA plasma (ISO- 7.9600 nmol/mL, ISO + Arjun 2.5%- 5.0467 nmol/mL, <em>P =</em> 0.0070) and in MDA kidney (ISO- 29.7000 nmol/g tissue, ISO + Arjun 2.5%- 23.1667 nmol/g tissue, <em>P =</em> 0.0048). NO plasma (ISO- 9.5067 nmol/mL, ISO + Arjun 2.5%- 6.8800 nmol/mL, <em>P =</em> 0.0072) and in NO kidney (ISO- 192.2000 nmol/g tissue, ISO + Arjun 2.5%- 98.3667 nmol/g tissue, <em>P =</em> 0.0070). MPO plasma (ISO- 32.793 U/min/mL, ISO + Arjun 2.5%- 23.586 U/min/mL, <em>P =</em> 0.0041) and in MPO kidney (ISO- 121.950 U/min/mg protein, ISO + Arjun 2.5%- 79.492 U/min/mg protein, <em>P =</em> 0.0100). Catalase plasma (ISO- 15.90 U/min, ISO + Arjun 2.5%- 19.75 U/min, <em>P =</em> 0.0070) and in catalase kidney (ISO- 381.6 U/min/g protein, ISO + Arjun 2.5%- 581.9 U/min/g protein, <em>P =</em> 0.0082). SOD plasma (ISO- 22.667 U/min, ISO + Arjun 2.5%- 26.8000 U/min, <em>P =</em> 0.0080) and in SOD kidney (ISO- 60.9667 U/min/g protein, ISO + Arjun 2.5%- 91.1333 U/min/g protein, <em>P =</em> 0.0033). Ultimately, a histopathological examination was conducted on the kidney specimens, which were subjected to Hematoxylin and Eosin staining. Administration of isoproterenol led to cell infiltration in the kidney, while therapy with Arjun resulted in improved renal imaging. To summarize, it may be inferred that the antioxidant properties of Arjun mitigated the oxidative stress induced by isoproterenol in the kidney.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36134,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Nutrition Open Science","volume":"60 ","pages":"Pages 66-77"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143349590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Superior liver protection in mice fed total parenteral nutrition containing the novel lipid emulsion Vegaven as compared to a mixed-oil lipid emulsion containing fish oil","authors":"Eliana Lucchinetti ,&nbsp;Phing-How Lou ,&nbsp;Alessandro Quaranta ,&nbsp;Craig E. Wheelock ,&nbsp;Akash Chakravarty ,&nbsp;Martin Hersberger ,&nbsp;Stefanie D. Krämer ,&nbsp;Michael Zaugg","doi":"10.1016/j.nutos.2025.01.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nutos.2025.01.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Mixed-oil lipid emulsion with plant-based 18-carbon <em>n-3</em> fatty acids (Vegaven) elicits superior liver protection in total parenteral nutrition (TPN) compared with soybean oil-based or fish oil-based lipid emulsions.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>However, it is not known whether Vegaven is also superior to mixed-oil lipid emulsions containing longer-chain 20/22-carbon <em>n-3</em> fatty acids derived from fish oil (SMOFlipid).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Instrumented male C57BL/6NCrl mice (N=5) were subjected to a 7-day TPN with Vegaven (VEGA) or SMOFlipid (SMOF). Mice infused with 0.9% saline and free access to water and rodent diet served as controls. Tissue concentration of cytokines, indices of whole-body and hepatic glucose metabolism, markers of liver injury, and hepatic lipid mediators were measured.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Whole-body insulin resistance as measured by HOMA-IR (Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance) values was lower in VEGA compared with SMOF and accompanied by higher glucagon and lower insulin plasma levels. The abundances of hepatic insulin receptor (IR), insulin receptor substrate 2 (IRS2) as well as the tyrosine phosphorylated IRS2 were higher in VEGA when compared with SMOF, fostering higher hepatic glycogen content. Tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin-6 (IL6) tissue concentrations were increased in livers of mice in the SMOF group and interleukin-6 (IL6) to interleukin-10 (IL10) ratios were lower in livers and epididymal white adipose tissue of mice in the VEGA group. Direct bilirubin plasma levels were elevated in SMOF, while ALT plasma levels were similar in all groups. Profiling of hepatic lipid mediators revealed the presence of α-linolenic acid-derived hydroxy-octadecatrienoic acid species exclusively in VEGA.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>TPN with Vegaven provides superior liver protection and whole-body blood glucose control than TPN with mixed-oil lipid emulsion containing fish oil in mice.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36134,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Nutrition Open Science","volume":"60 ","pages":"Pages 22-37"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143162239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of obesity in altering the effects of short chain fatty acids (SCFA) on metabolic hormone regulation: A systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Andi Faradilah ,&nbsp;Agussalim Bukhari ,&nbsp;Aminuddin Aminuddin ,&nbsp;Andi Yasmin Syauki","doi":"10.1016/j.nutos.2025.01.011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nutos.2025.01.011","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Current studies suggest that supplementing SCFA producers may have beneficial effects in preventing and treating obesity. Plasma SCFAs play a significant role in modulating metabolic hormones, thereby positively influencing metabolism. This review explores the connection between plasma SCFAs and metabolic hormones associated with obesity.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We collected data from PubMed, EBSCO, and EMBASE using MESH keywords [(short-chain fatty acids) AND (overweight OR obesity OR obese) AND (GLP-1) OR (glucagon-like peptide 1) OR (insulin) OR (ghrelin) OR (leptin) OR (PYY)]. Studies published between 2012 and 2024 were included, involving both genders, filtered for human studies, and published in English. Studies without full-text access were excluded. Risk of bias was assessed using the ROB-2 tool for clinical trials and the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Critical Appraisal Tools for cohort and cross-sectional studies. This study was registered in PROSPERO with the number CRD42021284687.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>We identified 52 studies, comprising a total of 3,552 overweight or obese individuals, including adults (aged 18–78 years) and adolescents (aged 11–12 years), that met the inclusion criteria. These studies reported on circulating SCFAs, GLP-1, PYY, insulin, leptin, and ghrelin. We found no significant differences in acetate (-2.05 [-37.54, 33.44]), propionate (-0.17 [-3.28, 2.93]), butyrate (-0.23 [1.46, 1.00]), GLP-1 (-0.36 [-1.36, 0.64]), or insulin (1.71 [-9.65, 13.06]) between the placebo and intervention groups in the clinical trials. However, PYY levels showed a significant difference (-0.91 [-1.64, -0.71]) in the placebo compared to the intervention group. Methodological variations prevented us from assessing leptin and ghrelin levels, as well as analyzing observational studies related to SCFAs and metabolic hormones. The impact of dietary fiber, SCFA infusion, prebiotic supplementation, and dietary modifications varied concerning GLP-1, PYY, and insulin. We hypothesize that the characteristics of the intervention and participant variability regarding obesity and its comorbidities influenced the study outcomes.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The dietary intervention had no effect on plasma SCFAs and metabolic hormones, considering obesity-related conditions. We recommend that future research investigate mediating variables when exploring the association between plasma SCFAs and metabolic hormones in obesity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36134,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Nutrition Open Science","volume":"60 ","pages":"Pages 181-199"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143474575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of nutritional status on centenarians’ physical, mental, and functional health","authors":"Ivan David Lozada-Martinez ,&nbsp;Laura Vindas-Meza ,&nbsp;Sandra Castelblanco-Toro ,&nbsp;Juan Carlos Salazar-Uribe ,&nbsp;Juan-Manuel Anaya","doi":"10.1016/j.nutos.2025.01.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nutos.2025.01.010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background &amp; Aims</h3><div>Nutrition has been described as a lifestyle factor strongly associated with health phenotypes in extreme longevity. However, little is known about its relationship with health-related outcomes in centenarians.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A cross-sectional study was conducted from the COOLCEN cohort. The Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) and the Prognostic Nutritional Index (PNI) were used to determine nutritional status, which were correlated with clinical, health status, and biochemical variables.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The sample included 139 centenarians, 74% (n=103) were female. Centenarians at risk of malnutrition (47%; n=66) and those with an absolute PNI value &lt; 38.8 (54%) represented the most significant proportion. MNA was positively correlated with functional independence (r² = 0.734, <em>P</em> &lt; 0.05), cognitive assessment (r² = 0.650, <em>P</em> &lt; 0.05), and functional performance (r² = 0.619, <em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Inadequate physical performance, frailty, sarcopenia, severe dementia, some degree of dependency, low PNI, and avoiding the use of dental prosthesis were significantly associated with nutritional vulnerability (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This study identified that nutritional status in centenarians is associated with functional and cognitive status, physical performance, use of dental prostheses, and specific biochemical and anthropometric variables. These findings are relevant for decision-making in general and specialized healthcare and for public health policymakers to build evidence-based strategies to promote healthy aging.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36134,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Nutrition Open Science","volume":"60 ","pages":"Pages 10-20"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143162238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Estimated inpatient malnutrition prevalence, screening tool utilization, and dietitian referral rates across hospitals during extension of phase 2 of More-2-Eat","authors":"Yingying Xu ,&nbsp;Rachel A. Warren ,&nbsp;Shirley M. Peters ,&nbsp;Sonya Boudreau ,&nbsp;Tina N. Strickland ,&nbsp;Mari Somerville ,&nbsp;Brenda L. MacDonald ,&nbsp;Heather Keller ,&nbsp;Leah E. Cahill","doi":"10.1016/j.nutos.2025.01.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nutos.2025.01.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background &amp; Aims</h3><div>Malnutrition is associated with increased hospital length of stay, disease burden, and healthcare costs. The Integrated Nutrition Pathway for Acute Care (INPAC) is a validated multi-step algorithm that includes screening using the Canadian Nutrition Screening Tool (CNST) and diagnosis using Subjective Global Assessment (SGA). This study aims to understand <strong>(</strong>1) the prevalence of inpatient nutrition screening completion, (2) the proportion of at-risk inpatients referred to dietitians, and (3) the malnutrition prevalence among a sample of hospital inpatients.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>In 2021, INPAC was implemented in five hospital wards across Nova Scotia (NS) as an extension of More-2-Eat NS Study. As part of the implementation, hospital chart audits (n=672) were completed from 2021-2022 to gather data on malnutrition screening, dietitian referral, and nutrition assessment. Statistical analysis involved chi-square, Kruskal Wallis, and t-tests.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Nutrition screening at admission occurred for 54.9% of audited patients, with variation among sites (p&lt;0.001). 34.5% of these screened patients were at nutritional risk, of whom 79.8% were referred to a dietitian. 14.4% of all charts audited had a malnutrition diagnosis as per SGA, as did 28.5% of patients screened by the CNST. 94.2% of patients who underwent SGA were diagnosed with malnutrition.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Inpatient malnutrition is prevalent in NS hospitals but under-diagnosed due to gaps in screening. INPAC implementation increased dietitian referrals, SGA, and malnutrition diagnosis. Investigation is needed to assess and overcome barriers to screening, consequences to clinician workload, and the burden of malnutrition on prognosis and hospital stay.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36134,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Nutrition Open Science","volume":"60 ","pages":"Pages 38-49"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143331118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lipids in parenteral nutrition – expert consensus statements: Translating guidelines into clinical practice","authors":"Robert G. Martindale ,&nbsp;Philip C. Calder ,&nbsp;Sarah V. Cogle ,&nbsp;David C. Evans ,&nbsp;Leah Gramlich ,&nbsp;Stephen A. McClave ,&nbsp;Manpreet S. Mundi ,&nbsp;Maurizio Muscaritoli ,&nbsp;Reid Nishikawa ,&nbsp;Jayshil Patel ,&nbsp;Lorenzo Pradelli ,&nbsp;Martin Rosenthal ,&nbsp;Christian Stoppe ,&nbsp;Kelly A. Tappenden ,&nbsp;Malissa Warren ,&nbsp;Dan Waitzberg ,&nbsp;Paul E. Wischmeyer ,&nbsp;Stanislaw Klek","doi":"10.1016/j.nutos.2025.01.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nutos.2025.01.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Lipids are integral to parenteral nutrition (PN) in all settings where PN is required, serving as a source of energy and essential fatty acids. In addition, lipids modulate a variety of biological functions, including inflammatory and immune responses. Moreover, fish oil (FO), which contains omega-3 fatty acids, has become an important component of modern lipid emulsions. The Lipids in PN Summit involved a panel of international experts with extensive clinical experience in PN use. They assessed the current state of knowledge and developed expert consensus statements regarding the use of lipid emulsions in patients requiring PN. This summit built upon outcomes from an earlier summit, and focused on adult patients in three distinct clinical settings: intensive care units, hospital wards, and the home environment/long-term PN. The summit workflow included identification and appraisal of scientific and clinical literature, the exchange of practical clinical experience, and the formulation of consensus statements. The latter aim to assist healthcare professionals in their decision-making processes in daily practice by providing practical guidance related to providing lipid emulsions as part of PN. This article briefly summarizes the biological effects of lipids used in PN, and then focuses on the rationale for their use in three distinct adult PN settings. Expert consensus statements are also provided, helping to bridge gaps between evidence and clinical practice, and thus complementing formal PN guideline recommendations. There is accumulating evidence suggesting that PN including FO confers clinically meaningful advantages compared with PN without FO, and has a favorable risk–benefit ratio.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36134,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Nutrition Open Science","volume":"60 ","pages":"Pages 50-65"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143349591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interplay of nutrient stress and lipid dynamics in colorectal cancer cells","authors":"Sumaira Kousar ,&nbsp;Sidra Gull ,&nbsp;Muslim Bin Aqeel ,&nbsp;Fatima Iftikhar Shah ,&nbsp;Ishrat Mahjabeen ,&nbsp;Adeel Shahid ,&nbsp;Naila Shoaib ,&nbsp;Zaman Khan","doi":"10.1016/j.nutos.2025.01.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nutos.2025.01.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>A crosstalk between tumor cells and the microenvironment affects the cellular lipid metabolism. Metabolic stress in cancer cells alters the equilibrium between endogenous synthesis and external intake of fatty acids. We aimed to examine the perturbations in intracellular lipids under nutrients stress conditions and to correlate it with the proliferation rates of colorectal cancer cells.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>HCT-116 cells were cultured under low-serum conditions (1%, 2%, and 5% serum) compared to control conditions (10% serum) to induce metabolic stress. MTT assay was employed to assess the impact of nutrient deprivation on cell proliferation by measuring absorbance at 540 nm. Lipid accumulation was estimated spectrophotometrically at 510 nm using Oil red O staining method. All the experiments were performed in triplicates and showed consistent reproducibility. Unpaired t-test was applied to compare two groups while multiple groups' comparison was done by ANOVA considering p-value ≤0.05 statistically significant.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>We found that at low serum conditions the cancer cells showed distorted morphology and lower proliferation rates (p = &lt;0.001). Moreover, Lipid accumulation was found to be very minute in low serum conditions and was directly proportional to proliferation rates (r² = 0.978).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Lipid metabolism varies across different types of cancer. Some cells mainly depend upon the uptake of lipids while others can synthesize their lipids. Therefore, targeting different cancers in the same way is not the solution. Specially, when targeting lipid metabolism to cure cancer we need to study in detail the lipid source of cancer cells.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36134,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Nutrition Open Science","volume":"60 ","pages":"Pages 1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143162240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Beneficial effects of probiotics to flatten the curve of COVID-19 pandemic: A review","authors":"Samira Rabiei ,&nbsp;Zinat Kamali ,&nbsp;Parmida Jamilian ,&nbsp;Parsa Jamilian","doi":"10.1016/j.nutos.2024.11.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nutos.2024.11.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>COVID-19 is a newly emerging pathogen responsible for respiratory infections and has caused high morbidity and mortality globally. To date, there is no effective treatment protocol for this virus.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>The current study has reviewed the probable mechanisms involved in relation between probiotic supplementation and corona virus disease. It also has found the most beneficial strains of probiotic in this regard.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Major search engines such as Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, Medline, and Google Scholar have been used for searching English papers and SID, Magiran, and IranMedex for Persian language papers through keywords such as COVID-19, corona virus, probiotic, clinical trials since early 2020 until the end of 2023. Next, we manually reviewed the contents of these articles. Inclusion criteria included clinical trials on both sexes without any comorbidity.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Based on the clinical trials that were assessed in this review, we found that probiotics decrease fever, cough, nasal congestion, shortness of breath and diarrhea in patients with corona virus disease. Furthermore, remission and modification of main symptoms of disease occur sooner in patients who receive oral bacterio therapy compared to those who receive only drug regimen. It also seems that probiotic supplementation not only can reduce requirement to use mechanical ventilation in patients, but also decrease the mortality rate caused by disease. One of the interesting findings of this review is that the most beneficial effects of bacterio therapy, could be attributed to Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus genus.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Consuming probiotics against coronavirus seems promising in prevention and treatment. Probiotics' health and safety benefits have been confirmed, including their role in fighting certain viral infections. Further research is needed to confirm their appropriate performance as a new approach to remission COVID-19 viruses.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36134,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Nutrition Open Science","volume":"58 ","pages":"Pages 348-360"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142745374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experiences among patients with short bowel syndrome and their caregivers: Insights from targeted forums","authors":"Carine Khalil ,&nbsp;Christopher V. Almario ,&nbsp;Taylor Dupuy ,&nbsp;Sam Eberlein ,&nbsp;Shirley Paski ,&nbsp;Bram P. Raphael ,&nbsp;Brennan M.R. Spiegel","doi":"10.1016/j.nutos.2024.10.013","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nutos.2024.10.013","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Short bowel syndrome (SBS) is a rare and severe disease that significantly impacts patients' quality of life, as they experience malnutrition, diarrhea, weight loss, and frequently require parenteral nutrition (PN). However, there are few large sample qualitative analyses examining the biopsychosocial impact of SBS. In this study, we conducted social netnography of online posts to examine the perspectives, experiences, and concerns among patients with SBS and their caregivers.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We extracted 20,221 publicly available posts from SBS-specific sites and other e-forums between 1/1/2010-1/11/2021. After applying SBS keyword filters (e.g., short bowel, short gut, SBS) and manual review, we identified 316 relevant posts. We used an open coding technique to qualitatively analyze the posts and visualized the themes/subthemes using an empathy map.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Overall, 70.6% and 14.9% of posts were made by caregivers and patients with SBS, respectively; the source was unclear for 14.6% of posts. People commonly posted about their emotions related to SBS. They also sought and shared information on how to manage SBS symptoms, navigate treatment options, and improve quality of life. They also discussed their challenges, such as financial struggles, finding day care facilities, coordinating with healthcare providers, and managing PN-related infections, among many other issues.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Our findings demonstrate the marked impact of SBS on the biopsychosocial wellbeing of patients and their caregivers. Given their significant challenges, multidisciplinary teams that include clinicians, dieticians, social workers, nurse case managers, and mental health professionals are needed to support people with SBS and their families.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36134,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Nutrition Open Science","volume":"58 ","pages":"Pages 361-369"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142746179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Religious intermittent fasting: Effects on liver health, metabolic markers, and gut microbiota in type 2 diabetes patients","authors":"Svenja Sydor ,&nbsp;Ender Engin ,&nbsp;Samantha Wittek ,&nbsp;Peter Lemmer ,&nbsp;Jan Best ,&nbsp;Martin Steinmetz ,&nbsp;Anja Figge ,&nbsp;Andreas Jähnert ,&nbsp;Mustafa Özcürümez ,&nbsp;Martina Broecker-Preuss ,&nbsp;Wing-Kin Syn ,&nbsp;Ali Canbay ,&nbsp;Paul Manka","doi":"10.1016/j.nutos.2024.11.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nutos.2024.11.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background &amp; Aims</h3><div>Religious fasting during Ramadan involves a time-restricted intake of food and drink, which can be compared to intermittent fasting. In this study, we aimed to investigate the impact of a one-month fast on liver damage, glucose metabolism and changes in gut microbiota in a cohort of type 2 diabetic patients.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Blood and fecal samples were taken before and after the four-week fasting period. Serum was analyzed for various parameters related to liver damage and monitor diabetes and lipid metabolism. Fecal samples were used to analyze the 16sRNA microbiota. Liver status was assessed using transient elastography measurement (TEM) and the controlled attenuation parameter (CAP).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Significant weight loss was observed in patients after the fasting period, and liver transaminases, triglycerides as well as the apoptosis marker M30 and serum adiponectin were significantly reduced after intermittent fasting. Analysis of microbiota showed an increase in species richness after four weeks.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>In this cohort of type 2 diabetes patients, a reduction of markers indicating liver damage (M30) was observed, though most values remained within the normal range. Health benefits of fasting were not sustained, as M30 levels increased after fasting ended suggesting that the beneficial effects may be due to intermittent fasting itself rather than reduced calorie intake. The mechanisms potentially affect hormonal, inflammatory and stress- and circadian rhythm-related pathways.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36134,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Nutrition Open Science","volume":"58 ","pages":"Pages 370-383"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142745375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}