Journal of Management Science and Engineering最新文献

Some research on climate change has been the basis of climate change denialism (hereafter, CCD is used to refer to denial, denialism, and deniers). There is formative knowledge about the role of political propaganda in climate policies and resulting outcomes. To contribute to the understanding of political ideology and the extent of CCD, we adopt econometric techniques to study the impact of the United States of America's withdrawal from the Paris Agreement. The results show that ideological political propaganda has psychological and philosophical consequences that impact climate change policies. In addition, we find that the effect of a state's economic growth on climate change is mediated by CCD. In particular, low-income capitalist states have a higher propensity to become CCDs because they are more likely to engage in economic expansion even at the expense of environmental sustainability. Global climate change policies depend on high-income nations and industries' willingness to adopt economic policies to achieve sustainable future development. Thus, this study fills the literature gap on the relationship between political ideology and climate change. The findings show that CCD significantly influences voting patterns and socioeconomic outcomes. It impedes states from achieving net-zero emissions and carbon neutrality and it is used as a political propaganda. Subject to these findings, relevant policy suggestions are offered.

To infer product fitness information, consumers often consult digital influencers who exert effort to learn and evaluate product features and then propagate information to their followers. However, influencers' recommendations are not limited to products that exactly match their expertise, which may lead followers to unfollow them. This study investigates which product (high or low congruence) an influencer should endorse and how much endorsement effort should be exerted. Using a theoretical model, we obtain several interesting results. First, endorsing a low-congruence product can surprisingly benefit the influencer if the penalty per lost follower is moderate or if the influencer has sufficiently high efficiency in reducing the perception error of this product. Second, although the influencer has high expertise in the high-congruence product, she will lose more followers when endorsing it than when endorsing the low-congruence product if a particularly small or large proportion of her followers are potential consumers of the low-congruence product. Third, when the influencer endorses the low-congruence product, the number of new followers increases with the size of the influencer's follower base only when the follower base is small and a large proportion of followers are potential consumers of the low-congruence product. Interestingly, as the size of the follower base increases, the influencer always exerts more effort when endorsing the high-congruence product but will exert less effort in learning about the low-congruence product if a sufficiently small proportion of followers are potential consumers. Finally, after taking consumers' knowledge about product features into account, the main results still hold, and when considering the competition between influencers, we uncover the conditions under which both influencers will choose to endorse the high-congruence product.

Transshipment is an effective method for reducing mismatches between supply and demand among retailers. Consumers attempting to purchase out-of-stock items may wait for transshipment, purchase at another store, or choose not to buy. In this paper, the consumer behavioral heterogeneity is characterized using the transshipment request rate and consumer switching rate. It affects the replenishment and transshipment decisions, as well as the system profits. The inventory replenishment and transshipment decisions are studied in both centralized and decentralized two-location inventory systems with consumer behavioral heterogeneity. We characterize optimal replenishment decisions in a centralized system, prove the existence of a unique Nash equilibrium in a decentralized system with a specific demand distribution, and determine the coordinating transshipment price for some decentralized systems. In numerical studies, the performance of various systems is analyzed for consumers with identical (symmetric) or differing (asymmetric) behavior between retailers. For scenarios with symmetric consumers, a higher transshipment request rate and consumer switching rate resulted in increased total profit in all systems. For scenarios with asymmetric consumers, the retailer with the higher consumer switching rate should reduce ordering in a centralized system but increase ordering in a decentralized system. Moreover, the retailer with the higher transshipment request rate reduces ordering to increase profit, whereas the other retailer increases order quantity yet earns less profit.

As a fundamental logistics service, the express delivery (ED) industry provides production and consumption activities to maintain efficient supply chain operations. It plays an important role in promoting industrial development and maintaining daily life and consumption. This study examined the effects of COVID-19 on the ED industry using ED package delivery data from 31 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) in China. Using a difference-in-differences method, the COVID-19 outbreak was found to have a positive effect and epidemic prevention and control (EPC) policies were found to have negative effects on the development of the ED industry. In addition to EPC policies, the Chinese government has implemented other short-term economic interventions (SEI), such as the resumption of work and production (RWP), policies to balance economic growth, and epidemic prevention. This study divided the pandemic period into three stages to analyze the different impacts of EPC and SEI policy changes on the ED industry. The RWP policies adopted during the pandemic positively impacted the volume and income of packages delivered to the ED industry. The conclusions of this study are significant for the ED industry in addressing public health emergencies and for the Chinese government to formulate EPC and SEI policies during epidemic periods.

The transaction-level analysis of security price changes by Madhavan, Richardson, and Roomans (1997, hereafter MRR) is a useful framework for financial analysis. The first-order Markov property of trading indicator variables is a critical assumption in the MRR model, which contradicts the information lag empirically demonstrated in high-frequency trading processes. In this study, a nonparametric test is employed, which shows that the Markov property of the trading indicator variables is rejected on most trading days. Based on the spread decomposed structure, an MA-MRR model was proposed with a moving average structure adopted to absorb the information lag as an extension. The empirical results show that the information lag plays an important role in measuring the adverse selection risk parameter and that the difference in this parameter between the original and the extension is significant. Furthermore, our analysis suggests that the information lag parameter is a useful measure of the average speed at which information is incorporated into prices.

Urban development thrives from technology inflows, which refers to the transfer of high-value technology from various cities to local recipients. The asymmetry of technical information—rooted in the tacit knowledge inherent in technology—mandates that technology transfer is heavily dependent on interactions and communication among talented individuals. This study examines the effect of China's high-speed railway (HSR) on technology inflow, with an emphasis on talent interaction in the technology transfer process. The findings suggest that HSR mitigates cross-city commuting costs and facilitates face-to-face interactions between talent, thereby fostering an increase in technology inflows to various cities. “Talent” use HSR to transfer knowledge to cities teeming with such talent resources. Concurrently, areas with robust intellectual property rights protection witness an upsurge in intercity technology transfer via HSR. This study elucidates the macro-mechanism of urban technology flow from the perspective of public transportation offering valuable insights for technology market infrastructure and services.

Pesticides are agricultural inputs that can significantly reduce yield losses, regulate plant growth, effectively liberate agricultural productivity, and improve food security. The availability of pesticides in economies worldwide is ensured by redistribution through international trade, with different economies playing different roles in this process. In this study, we measured and ranked the importance of economies using nine node metrics. We found that the clustering coefficient was negatively correlated with the other eight node metrics, whereas the other eight node metrics were positively correlated with each other and could be grouped into three communities (betweenness; in-degree, PageRank, authority, and in-closeness; out-degree, hub, and out-closeness). We further investigated the structural robustness of international pesticide trade networks proxied by large component size under three types of shocks to economies (node removal in descending, random, and ascending orders). The results showed that, except for the clustering coefficient, international pesticide trade networks are relatively robust under shocks to economies in ascending order but fragile under shocks to economies in descending order. By contrast, removing nodes with a clustering coefficient in ascending and descending order yielded similar robustness curves. Moreover, the structural robustness related to large component size evolved over time and exhibited an inverse U-shaped pattern.

Monetary incentives underlie academic publications, especially in countries where many researchers' incomes are performance-based. Evidence has documented that social ties improve the chances of publication in journals, whereas building and maintaining social ties require resources. We develop a simple model to investigate the consequences of monetary investment on the probability of publication through social ties. The results indicate that monetary incentive can stimulate researchers to make more efforts regarding publication. Through social ties, monetary investment in the process of academic publication distorts researchers' incentive. Monetary investment through social ties improves the probability of publication and then disables the signaling function of publication in terms of researchers’ abilities. Depending on the contribution of different types of researchers to society and the ability of the latter to differentiate the quality of publication in journals, the improvement in publication probability by monetary investment through social ties may improve or reduce the level of social welfare.

Hazmat transportation in cities faces significant risks that may cause catastrophic losses to humans. From the perspective of the regulator, the main responsibility is to mitigate hazmat transport risk by determining the availability of road networks to hazmat carriers. Based on the time-variant population distribution, the hazmat transport risk was assessed via the total population exposure associated with the resident and variable populations at different times. We propose a risk-minimizing urban hazmat road network design model for multiple types of hazmats, considering time-varying traffic. The model was applied to a realistic case study of hazmat transportation in a densely populated urban area with complex traffic in Shanghai, China.

The COVID-19 outbreak has brought unprecedented social attention to economic uncertainty and negative interest rate policy (NIRP). How does uncertainty affect economic activity, and how effective is a NIRP based on central bank digital currency (CBDC)? To answer the two questions, we constructed a dynamic stochastic general equilibrium (DSGE) model that accommodates sticky prices and wages. The results indicated: (i) Economic uncertainty has substantially reduced investment, output, wage, and loans, which increases unemployment risk. In the short term, it has triggered impulsive consumption by households, while consumption has fallen into a slump in the long run. (ii) After suffering an uncertainty shock, the economy entered short-term stagflation and long-term deflation. The short-term stagflation was mainly caused by resident wage adjustment, and the long-term deflation was due to the decline in effective demand caused by unemployment risk. (iii) CBDC could eliminate the zero lower bound (ZLB) constraint, thereby improving the effectiveness of NIRP. Compared with traditional currency, CBDC-based NIRP could more effectively smooth macroeconomic fluctuations and alleviate the negative impact of an uncertainty shock, which is more conducive to restoring market confidence and promoting economic recovery.