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Double-ring high-frequency common-mode switching oscillation current sensor for inverter-fed machine winding insulation monitoring 用于逆变器供电机器绕组绝缘监测的双环高频共模开关振荡电流传感器
Q4 ENERGY & FUELS Pub Date : 2024-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.gloei.2024.01.010
Lingqing Pan , Xizhou Du , Xing Lei , Ting Ye , Dawei Xiang , Hao Li

Insulation failure significantly contributes to the unpredictable shutdown of power equipment. Compared to the partial discharge and high-frequency (HF) injection methods, the HF common-mode (CM) leakage current method offers a non-intrusive and highly sensitive alternative. However, the detection of HF CM currents is susceptible to interference from differential-mode (DM) currents, which exhibit high-amplitude and multifrequency components during normal operation. To address this challenge, this paper proposes a double-ring current sensor based on the principle of magnetic shielding for inverter-fed machine winding insulation monitoring. The inner ring harnesses the magnetic aggregation effect to isolate the DM current magnetic field, whereas the outer ring serves as the magnetic core of the Rogowski current sensor, enabling HF CM current monitoring. First, the magnetic field distributions of the CM and DM currents were analyzed. Then, a correlation between the sensor parameters and signal-to-noise ratio of the target HF CM current was established. Finally, an experimental study was conducted on a 3-kW PMSM for verification. The results indicate that the proposed double-ring HF CM sensor can effectively mitigate DM current interference. Compared to a single-ring sensor, a reduction of approximately 40% in the DM component was achieved, which significantly enhanced the precision of online insulation monitoring.

绝缘故障是造成电力设备不可预测停机的重要原因。与局部放电和高频(HF)注入法相比,高频共模(CM)泄漏电流法提供了一种非侵入性和高灵敏度的替代方法。然而,高频 CM 电流的检测容易受到差模 (DM) 电流的干扰,因为差模电流在正常工作时会表现出高振幅和多频成分。为了应对这一挑战,本文提出了一种基于磁屏蔽原理的双环电流传感器,用于逆变器供电的机器绕组绝缘监测。内环利用磁聚集效应隔离 DM 电流磁场,外环作为罗戈夫斯基电流传感器的磁芯,实现高频 CM 电流监测。首先,分析了 CM 和 DM 电流的磁场分布。然后,建立了传感器参数与目标高频 CM 电流信噪比之间的相关性。最后,在一台 3 千瓦 PMSM 上进行了实验研究,以进行验证。结果表明,所提出的双环高频 CM 传感器能有效缓解 DM 电流干扰。与单环传感器相比,DM 分量减少了约 40%,从而显著提高了在线绝缘监测的精度。
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引用次数: 0
Optimal scheduling of a township integrated-energy system using the adjustable heat-electricity ratio model 利用可调热电比模型优化乡镇综合能源系统调度
Q4 ENERGY & FUELS Pub Date : 2024-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.gloei.2024.01.005
Quan Chen , Jingyi Wang , Min Cang , Xiaomeng Zhai , Xi Cheng , Shuang Wu , Dongwei Li

With the expansion and implementation of rural revitalization strategies, there is a constant need for new energy sources for the construction of new townships. Consequently, integrated energy systems with the interconnection and interaction of multiple energy sources are developing rapidly. Biomass energy, a renewable green energy source with low pollution and wide distribution, has significant application potential in integrated energy systems. Considering the application of biomass energy in townships, this study established an integrated biomass energy system and proposed a model to optimize its operation. Lowest economic cost and highest clean energy utilization rate were considered as the objective functions. In addition, a plan was suggested to adjust the heat-electricity ratio based on the characteristics of the combined heat and power of the biomass. Finally, a simulation analysis conducted for a town in China was discussed, demonstrating that the construction of a township integrated-energy system and the use of biomass can significantly reduce operating costs and improve the energy utilization rate. Moreover, by adjusting the heat-electricity ratio, the economic cost was further reduced by 6.70%, whereas the clean energy utilization rate was increased by 5.14%.

随着乡村振兴战略的拓展和实施,新市镇建设对新能源的需求不断增加。因此,多种能源互联互动的综合能源系统发展迅速。生物质能作为一种可再生的绿色能源,具有污染小、分布广的特点,在综合能源系统中有着巨大的应用潜力。考虑到生物质能在乡镇的应用,本研究建立了一个综合生物质能源系统,并提出了优化其运行的模型。以最低经济成本和最高清洁能源利用率为目标函数。此外,还根据生物质热电联产的特点,提出了调整热电比的方案。最后,讨论了针对中国某城镇的模拟分析,结果表明,建设城镇综合能源系统并使用生物质能可显著降低运营成本,提高能源利用率。此外,通过调整热电比,经济成本进一步降低了 6.70%,清洁能源利用率提高了 5.14%。
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引用次数: 0
Stochastic programming based coordinated expansion planning of generation, transmission, demand side resources, and energy storage considering the DC transmission system 考虑到直流输电系统,基于随机编程的发电、输电、需求侧资源和储能协调扩展规划
Q4 ENERGY & FUELS Pub Date : 2024-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.gloei.2024.01.003
Liang Lu , Mingkui Wei , Yuxuan Tao , Qing Wang , Yuxiao Yang , Chuan He , Haonan Zhang

With the increasing penetration of wind and solar energies, the accompanying uncertainty that propagates in the system places higher requirements on the expansion planning of power systems. A source-grid-load-storage coordinated expansion planning model based on stochastic programming was proposed to suppress the impact of wind and solar energy fluctuations. Multiple types of system components, including demand response service entities, converter stations, DC transmission systems, cascade hydropower stations, and other traditional components, have been extensively modeled. Moreover, energy storage systems are considered to improve the accommodation level of renewable energy and alleviate the influence of intermittence. Demand-response service entities from the load side are used to reduce and move the demand during peak load periods. The uncertainties in wind, solar energy, and loads were simulated using stochastic programming. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed model is verified through numerical simulations.

随着风能和太阳能渗透率的不断提高,随之而来的系统中传播的不确定性对电力系统的扩展规划提出了更高的要求。为抑制风能和太阳能波动的影响,提出了一种基于随机编程的源-电网-负载-储能协调扩展规划模型。对多种类型的系统组件进行了广泛建模,包括需求响应服务实体、换流站、直流输电系统、梯级水电站和其他传统组件。此外,还考虑了储能系统,以提高可再生能源的容纳水平,缓解间歇性的影响。负荷侧的需求响应服务实体用于减少和转移高峰负荷期的需求。利用随机编程模拟了风能、太阳能和负荷的不确定性。最后,通过数值模拟验证了所提模型的有效性。
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引用次数: 0
Integrated strategy for real-time wind power fluctuation mitigation and energy storage system control 实时风电波动缓解与储能系统控制的综合策略
Q4 ENERGY & FUELS Pub Date : 2024-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.gloei.2024.01.007
Yu Zhang, Yongkang Zhang, Tiezhou Wu

To address the impact of wind-power fluctuations on the stability of power systems, we propose a comprehensive approach that integrates multiple strategies and methods to enhance the efficiency and reliability of a system. First, we employ a strategy that restricts long- and short-term power output deviations to smoothen wind power fluctuations in real time. Second, we adopt the sliding window instantaneous complete ensemble empirical mode decomposition with adaptive noise (SW-ICEEMDAN) strategy to achieve real-time decomposition of the energy storage power, facilitating internal power distribution within the hybrid energy storage system. Finally, we introduce a rule-based multi-fuzzy control strategy for the secondary adjustment of the initial power allocation commands for different energy storage components. Through simulation validation, we demonstrate that the proposed comprehensive control strategy can smoothen wind power fluctuations in real time and decompose energy storage power. Compared with traditional empirical mode decomposition (EMD), ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD), and complete ensemble empirical mode decomposition with adaptive noise (CEEMDAN) decomposition strategies, the configuration of the energy storage system under the SW-ICEEMDAN control strategy is more optimal. Additionally, the state-of-charge of energy storage components fluctuates within a reasonable range, enhancing the stability of the power system and ensuring the secure operation of the energy storage system.

针对风电波动对电力系统稳定性的影响,我们提出了一种综合方法,将多种策略和方法整合在一起,以提高系统的效率和可靠性。首先,我们采用限制长期和短期功率输出偏差的策略来实时平滑风电波动。其次,我们采用具有自适应噪声的滑动窗口瞬时完全集合经验模式分解(SW-ICEEMDAN)策略来实现储能功率的实时分解,从而促进混合储能系统的内部功率分配。最后,我们引入了一种基于规则的多模糊控制策略,用于二次调整不同储能组件的初始功率分配指令。通过仿真验证,我们证明了所提出的综合控制策略能够实时平滑风电波动并分解储能功率。与传统的经验模式分解(EMD)、集合经验模式分解(EEMD)和带自适应噪声的完全集合经验模式分解(CEEMDAN)分解策略相比,SW-ICEEMDAN 控制策略下的储能系统配置更为优化。此外,储能元件的电荷状态在合理范围内波动,增强了电力系统的稳定性,确保了储能系统的安全运行。
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引用次数: 0
Application of four machine-learning methods to predict short-horizon wind energy 应用四种机器学习方法预测短视距风能
Q4 ENERGY & FUELS Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.gloei.2023.11.006
Doha Bouabdallaoui , Touria Haidi , Faissal Elmariami , Mounir Derri , El Mehdi Mellouli

Renewable energy has garnered attention due to the need for sustainable energy sources. Wind power has emerged as an alternative that has contributed to the transition towards cleaner energy. As the importance of wind energy grows, it can be crucial to provide forecasts that optimize its performance potential. Artificial intelligence (AI) methods have risen in prominence due to how well they can handle complicated systems while enhancing the accuracy of prediction. This study explored the area of AI to predict wind-energy production at a wind farm in Yalova, Turkey, using four different AI approaches: support vector machines (SVMs), decision trees, adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference systems (ANFIS) and artificial neural networks (ANNs). Wind speed and direction were considered as essential input parameters, with wind energy as the target parameter, and models are thoroughly evaluated using metrics such as the mean absolute percentage error (MAPE), coefficient of determination (R2), and mean absolute error (MAE). The findings accentuate the superior performance of the SVM, which delivered the lowest MAPE (2.42%), the highest R2 (0.95), and the lowest MAE (71.21%) compared with actual values, while ANFIS was less effective in this context. The main aim of this comparative analysis was to rank the models to move to the next step in improving the least efficient methods by combining them with optimization algorithms, such as metaheuristic algorithms.

由于对可持续能源的需求,可再生能源备受关注。风能已成为一种替代能源,有助于向清洁能源过渡。随着风能的重要性与日俱增,提供可优化其性能潜力的预测至关重要。人工智能(AI)方法能够很好地处理复杂的系统,同时提高预测的准确性,因此备受瞩目。本研究利用四种不同的人工智能方法:支持向量机 (SVM)、决策树、自适应神经模糊推理系统 (ANFIS) 和人工神经网络 (ANN),探索了人工智能在预测土耳其亚洛瓦风电场风能生产方面的应用。风速和风向被视为基本输入参数,而风能则是目标参数,并使用平均绝对百分比误差 (MAPE)、判定系数 (R2) 和平均绝对误差 (MAE) 等指标对模型进行了全面评估。结果表明 SVM 性能优越,与实际值相比,MAPE 最低(2.42%),R2 最高(0.95),MAE 最低(71.21%),而 ANFIS 在这方面的效果较差。本次比较分析的主要目的是对模型进行排序,以便下一步通过将它们与优化算法(如元启发式算法)相结合来改进效率最低的方法。
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引用次数: 0
Attack-resilient control for converter-based DC microgrids 基于变流器的直流微电网的抗攻击控制
Q4 ENERGY & FUELS Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.gloei.2023.11.008
Sen Tan , Juan C. Vasquez , Josep M. Guerrero

In light of the growing integration of renewable energy sources in power systems, the adoption of DC microgrids has become increasingly popular, due to its simple structure, having no frequency, power factor concerns. However, the dependence of DC microgrids on cyber-networks also makes them susceptible to cyber-attacks. Potential cyber- attacks can disrupt power system facilities and result in significant economic and loss of life. To address this concern, this paper presents an attack-resilient control strategy for microgrids to ensure voltage regulation and power sharing with stable operation under cyber-attack on the actuators. This paper first formulates the cyber-security problem considering a distributed generation based microgrid using the converter model, after which an attack-resilient control is proposed to eliminate the actuator attack impact on the system. Steady state analysis and root locus validation illustrate the feasibility of the proposed method. The effectiveness of the proposed control scheme is demonstrated through simulation results.

随着可再生能源越来越多地融入电力系统,直流微电网因其结构简单、无频率和功率因数问题而越来越受欢迎。然而,直流微电网对网络的依赖也使其容易受到网络攻击。潜在的网络攻击会破坏电力系统设施,造成重大经济损失和人员伤亡。针对这一问题,本文提出了一种微电网抗攻击控制策略,以确保在执行器受到网络攻击的情况下,电压调节和电力共享能够稳定运行。本文首先利用变流器模型提出了基于分布式发电的微电网的网络安全问题,然后提出了一种抗攻击控制策略,以消除执行器攻击对系统的影响。稳态分析和根定位验证说明了所提方法的可行性。仿真结果证明了所提控制方案的有效性。
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引用次数: 0
Optimal dispatch approach for rural multi-energy supply systems considering virtual energy storage 考虑虚拟储能的农村多能源供应系统优化调度方法
Q4 ENERGY & FUELS Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.gloei.2023.11.002
Yanze Xu , Yunfei Mu , Haijie Qi , Hairun Li , Peng Yu , Shumin Sun

In response to the underutilization of energy and insufficient flexible operation capability of rural energy supply systems in China, this study proposes an optimal dispatch approach for a rural multi-energy supply system (RMESS) considering virtual energy storage (VES). First, to enable the flexible utilization of rural biomass resources and the thermal inertia of residential building envelopes, this study constructed VES-I and VES-II models that describe electrical-thermal and electrical-gas coupling from an electrical viewpoint. Subsequently, an RMESS model encompassing these two types of VES was formulated. This model delineates the intricate interplay of multi-energy components within the RMESS framework and facilitates the precise assessment of the adjustable potential for optimizing RMESS operations. Based on the above models, a day-ahead optimal dispatch model for an RMESS considering a VES is proposed to achieve optimal economic performance while ensuring efficient energy allocation. Comparative simulations validated the effectiveness of the VES modeling and the day-ahead optimal dispatch approach for the RMESS.

针对中国农村能源供应系统能源利用率低、灵活运行能力不足的问题,本研究提出了一种考虑虚拟储能(VES)的农村多能源供应系统(RMESS)优化调度方法。首先,为实现农村生物质资源的灵活利用,并考虑到居民建筑围护结构的热惯性,本研究构建了 VES-I 和 VES-II 模型,从电气角度描述了电-热耦合和电-气耦合。随后,制定了包含这两类 VES 的 RMESS 模型。该模型描述了 RMESS 框架内多种能量成分之间错综复杂的相互作用,有助于精确评估可调整的潜力,以优化 RMESS 的运行。在上述模型的基础上,提出了一个考虑到 VES 的 RMESS 的日前优化调度模型,以实现最佳经济效益,同时确保有效的能源分配。对比模拟验证了 VES 建模和 RMESS 的日前优化调度方法的有效性。
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引用次数: 0
Coordinated planning for flexible interconnection and energy storage system in low-voltage distribution networks to improve the accommodation capacity of photovoltaic 协调规划低压配电网络中的灵活互联和储能系统,提高光伏发电的容纳能力
Q4 ENERGY & FUELS Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.gloei.2023.11.004
Jiaguo Li , Lu Zhang , Bo Zhang , Wei Tang

The increasing proportion of distributed photovoltaics (DPVs) and electric vehicle charging stations in low-voltage distribution networks (LVDNs) has resulted in challenges such as distribution transformer overloads and voltage violations. To address these problems, we propose a coordinated planning method for flexible interconnections and energy storage systems (ESSs) to improve the accommodation capacity of DPVs. First, the power-transfer characteristics of flexible interconnection and ESSs are analyzed. The equipment costs of the voltage source converters (VSCs) and ESSs are also analyzed comprehensively, considering the differences in installation and maintenance costs for different installation locations. Second, a bilevel programming model is established to minimize the annual comprehensive cost and yearly total PV curtailment capacity. Within this framework, the upper-level model optimizes the installation locations and capacities of the VSCs and ESSs, whereas the lower-level model optimizes the operating power of the VSCs and ESSs. The proposed model is solved using a non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm with an elite strategy (NSGA-II). The effectiveness of the proposed planning method is validated through an actual LVDN scenario, which demonstrates its advantages in enhancing PV accommodation capacity. In addition, the economic benefits of various planning schemes with different flexible interconnection topologies and different PV grid-connected forms are quantitatively analyzed, demonstrating the adaptability of the proposed coordinated planning method.

在低压配电网络(LVDN)中,分布式光伏发电(DPV)和电动汽车充电站所占的比例越来越大,从而带来了配电变压器过载和电压违规等挑战。为解决这些问题,我们提出了一种灵活互联和储能系统(ESS)的协调规划方法,以提高 DPV 的容纳能力。首先,分析了柔性互联和 ESS 的功率传输特性。考虑到不同安装地点的安装和维护成本差异,还全面分析了电压源转换器(VSCs)和储能系统(ESSs)的设备成本。其次,建立了一个双级编程模型,以最小化年度综合成本和年度光伏削减总容量。在此框架内,上层模型优化了可控硅和 ESS 的安装位置和容量,而下层模型则优化了可控硅和 ESS 的运行功率。所提出的模型采用了带有精英策略的非优势排序遗传算法(NSGA-II)进行求解。通过一个实际的 LVDN 情景验证了所提规划方法的有效性,证明了其在提高光伏适应能力方面的优势。此外,还定量分析了不同柔性互联拓扑和不同光伏并网形式的各种规划方案的经济效益,证明了所提出的协调规划方法的适应性。
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引用次数: 0
Reliability analysis for vertical integration of protection, measurement, merge unit, and intelligent terminal device 保护、测量、合并单元和智能终端设备垂直整合的可靠性分析
Q4 ENERGY & FUELS Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.gloei.2023.11.010
Ying Li , Weiquan Wang , Liang Zhang , Zhujian Liang , Zhenli Xu , Yuansheng Liang

The reliability analysis of vertically integrated protection devices is crucial for designing International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) 61850-based substations. This paper presents the hardware architecture of a four-in- one vertically integrated device and the information transmission path of each function based on the functional information transmission chain of protection devices, measurement and control devices, merging units, and intelligent terminals. Additionally, a reliability analysis model of the protection device and its protection system is constructed using the fault tree analysis method while considering the characteristics of each module of the vertically integrated device. The stability probability of the protection system in each state is analyzed by combining the state-transfer equations of line and busbar protection with a Markov chain. Finally, the failure rate and availability of the protection device and its protection system are calculated under different ambient temperatures using a 110 kV intelligent substation as an example. The sensitivity of each device module is analyzed.

垂直一体化保护装置的可靠性分析对于设计基于国际电工委员会(IEC)61850 的变电站至关重要。本文基于保护装置、测控装置、合并单元和智能终端的功能信息传输链,介绍了四合一垂直一体化装置的硬件架构和各功能的信息传输路径。此外,考虑到垂直一体化装置各模块的特点,采用故障树分析方法构建了保护装置及其保护系统的可靠性分析模型。通过将线路和母线保护的状态转移方程与马尔可夫链相结合,分析了保护系统在各状态下的稳定概率。最后,以 110 kV 智能变电站为例,计算了不同环境温度下保护装置及其保护系统的故障率和可用性。分析了每个设备模块的灵敏度。
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引用次数: 0
Trust evaluation model of power terminal based on equipment portrait 基于设备肖像的电力终端信任评估模型
Q4 ENERGY & FUELS Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.gloei.2023.11.009
Erxia Li , Zilong Han , Chaoqun Kang , Tao Yu , Yupeng Huang

As the number of power terminals continues to increase and their usage becomes more widespread, the security of power systems is under great threat. In response to the lack of effective trust evaluation methods for terminals, we propose a trust evaluation model based on equipment portraits for power terminals. First, we propose an exception evaluation method based on the network flow order and evaluate anomalous terminals by monitoring the external characteristics of network traffic. Second, we propose an exception evaluation method based on syntax and semantics. The key fields of each message are extracted, and the frequency of keywords in the message is statistically analyzed to obtain the keyword frequency and time-slot threshold for evaluating the status of the terminal. Thus, by combining the network flow order, syntax, and semantic analysis, an equipment portrait can be constructed to guarantee security of the power network terminals. We then propose a trust evaluation method based on an equipment portrait to calculate the trust values in real time. Finally, the experimental results of terminal anomaly detection show that the proposed model has a higher detection rate and lower false detection rate, as well as a higher real-time performance, which is more suitable for power terminals.

随着电力终端数量的不断增加和使用的日益广泛,电力系统的安全性受到了极大的威胁。针对目前缺乏有效的终端信任评估方法的现状,我们提出了一种基于设备画像的电力终端信任评估模型。首先,我们提出了一种基于网络流序的异常评估方法,通过监测网络流量的外部特征来评估异常终端。其次,我们提出了基于语法和语义的异常评估方法。提取每条报文的关键字段,统计分析报文中关键词的出现频率,得出评估终端状态的关键词频率和时隙阈值。这样,结合网络流序、语法和语义分析,就可以构建设备画像,保证电力网络终端的安全。然后,我们提出了一种基于设备画像的信任评估方法,实时计算信任值。最后,终端异常检测的实验结果表明,所提出的模型具有更高的检测率和更低的误检率,以及更高的实时性,更适用于电力终端。
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引用次数: 0
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Global Energy Interconnection
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