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Simulation and application analysis of a hybrid energy storage station in a new power system 新型电力系统中混合储能站的仿真与应用分析
IF 1.9 Q4 ENERGY & FUELS Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.gloei.2024.10.012
Tianyu Zhang , Xiangjun Li , Hanning Li , hangyu Sun , Weisen Zhao
As the proportion of renewable energy infiltrating the power grid increases, suppressing its randomness and volatility, reducing its impact on the safe operation of the power grid, and improving the level of new energy consumption are increasingly important. For these purposes, energy storage stations (ESS) are receiving increasing attention. This article discusses the structure, working principle, and control methods of grid-following and grid-forming energy-storage converters, which are currently commonly used. A simulation analysis was conducted to investigate their dynamic response characteristics. The advantages and disadvantages of two types of energy storage power stations are discussed, and a configuration strategy for hybrid ESS is proposed. This paper presents research on and a simulation analysis of grid- forming and grid-following hybrid energy storage systems considering two types of energy storage according to different capacity scenarios. Finally, a comparative analysis between the systems is presented. A simulation model was established using PSD-BPA (Power System Department-Bonneville Power Administration) to analyze the impact of the capacity ratio of grid-following and grid-forming ESS on their dynamic response characteristics in a hybrid ESS. In addition, a development direction for future ESSs is indicated.
随着可再生能源渗入电网比例的增加,抑制其随机性和波动性、减少其对电网安全运行的影响以及提高新能源消费水平变得越来越重要。为此,储能站(ESS)受到越来越多的关注。本文讨论了目前常用的电网跟随型和电网形成型储能变流器的结构、工作原理和控制方法。并对其动态响应特性进行了仿真分析。讨论了两种储能电站的优缺点,并提出了混合型 ESS 的配置策略。本文介绍了电网形成和电网跟随混合储能系统的研究和仿真分析,根据不同的容量方案考虑了两种类型的储能。最后,还对这两种系统进行了比较分析。利用 PSD-BPA(电力系统部-邦纳维尔电力管理局)建立了一个仿真模型,以分析混合储能系统中电网跟随型和电网形成型储能系统的容量比对其动态响应特性的影响。此外,还指出了未来 ESS 的发展方向。
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引用次数: 0
Research on entropy weight variation evaluation method for wind power clusters based on dynamic layered sorting 基于动态分层排序的风电集群熵权变化评价方法研究
IF 1.9 Q4 ENERGY & FUELS Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.gloei.2024.10.010
Yansong Gao , A. Lifu , Chenxu Zhao , Xiaodong Qin , Ri Na , An Wang , Shangshang Wei
This paper presents an evaluation method for the entropy-weighting of wind power clusters that comprehensively evaluates the allocation problems of wind power clusters by considering the correlation between indicators and the dynamic performance of weight changes. A dynamic layered sorting allocation method is also proposed. The proposed evaluation method considers the power-limiting degree of the last cycle, the adjustment margin, and volatility. It uses the theory of weight variation to update the entropy weight coefficients of each indicator in real time, and then performs a fuzzy evaluation based on the membership function to obtain intuitive comprehensive evaluation results. A case study of a large-scale wind power base in Northwest China was conducted. The proposed evaluation method is compared with fixed-weight entropy and principal component analysis methods. The results show that the three scoring trends are the same, and that the proposed evaluation method is closer to the average level of the latter two, demonstrating higher accuracy. The proposed allocation method can reduce the number of adjustments made to wind farms, which is significant for the allocation and evaluation of wind power clusters.
本文提出了一种风电簇熵权的评价方法,通过考虑指标间的相关性和权重变化的动态表现,综合评价风电簇的分配问题。同时还提出了一种动态分层排序分配方法。所提出的评价方法考虑了上一周期的限电度、调整裕度和波动性。它利用权重变化理论实时更新各指标的熵权系数,然后根据成员函数进行模糊评价,得到直观的综合评价结果。对中国西北某大型风电基地进行了案例研究。将所提出的评价方法与定权熵法和主成分分析法进行了比较。结果表明,三种方法的评分趋势相同,所提出的评价方法更接近后两种方法的平均水平,表现出更高的准确性。建议的分配方法可以减少对风电场的调整次数,这对风电集群的分配和评估意义重大。
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引用次数: 0
Research on typical operating conditions of hydrogen production system with off-grid wind power considering the characteristics of proton exchange membrane electrolysis cell 考虑质子交换膜电解槽特性的离网风力制氢系统典型运行条件研究
IF 1.9 Q4 ENERGY & FUELS Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.gloei.2024.10.011
Weiming Peng , Yanhui Xu , Gendi Li , Jie Song , Guizhi Xu , Xiaona Xu , Yan Pan
Hydrogen energy, with its abundant reserves, green and low-carbon characteristic, high energy density, diverse sources, and wide applications, is gradually becoming an important carrier in the global energy transformation and development. In this paper, the off-grid wind power hydrogen production system is considered as the research object, and the operating characteristics of a proton exchange membrane (PEM) electrolysis cell, including underload, overload, variable load, and start- stop are analyzed. On this basis, the characteristic extraction of wind power output data after noise reduction is carried out, and then the self-organizing mapping neural network algorithm is used for clustering to extract typical wind power output scenarios and perform weight distribution based on the statistical probability. The trend and fluctuation components are superimposed to generate the typical operating conditions of an off-grid PEM electrolytic hydrogen production system. The historical output data of an actual wind farm are used for the case study, and the results confirm the feasibility of the method proposed in this study for obtaining the typical conditions of off-grid wind power hydrogen production. The results provide a basis for studying the dynamic operation characteristics of PEM electrolytic hydrogen production systems, and the performance degradation mechanism of PEM electrolysis cells under fluctuating inputs.
氢能以其储量丰富、绿色低碳、能量密度高、来源多样、应用广泛等特点,逐渐成为全球能源转型发展的重要载体。本文以离网风电制氢系统为研究对象,分析了质子交换膜(PEM)电解槽的欠载、过载、变载、启停等运行特性。在此基础上,对降噪后的风电输出数据进行特征提取,然后利用自组织映射神经网络算法进行聚类,提取典型的风电输出场景,并根据统计概率进行权重分配。将趋势和波动成分叠加,生成离网 PEM 电解制氢系统的典型运行条件。案例研究使用了一个实际风电场的历史输出数据,结果证实了本研究提出的获取离网风电制氢典型条件方法的可行性。研究结果为研究 PEM 电解制氢系统的动态运行特性以及 PEM 电解槽在波动输入条件下的性能衰减机制提供了依据。
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引用次数: 0
Optimizing PID controller parameters for robust automatic voltage regulator system through indirect design approach-2 通过间接设计方法优化稳健型自动电压调节器系统的 PID 控制器参数-2
IF 1.9 Q4 ENERGY & FUELS Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.gloei.2024.10.009
Mohd Zaidi Mohd Tumari , Mohd Ashraf Ahmad , Mohd Riduwan Ghazali , Mohd Helmi Suid
Automatic voltage regulators (AVR) are designed to manipulate a synchronous generator’s voltage level automatically. Proportional integral derivative (PID) controllers are typically used in AVR systems to regulate voltage. Although advanced PID tuning methods have been proposed, the actual voltage response differs from the theoretical predictions due to modeling errors and system uncertainties. This requires continuous fine tuning of the PID parameters. However, manual adjustment of these parameters can compromise the stability and robustness of the AVR system. This study focuses on the online self-tuning of PID controllers called indirect design approach-2 (IDA-2) in AVR systems while preserving robustness. In particular, we indirectly tune the PID controller by shifting the frequency response. The new PID parameters depend on the frequency-shifting constant and the previously optimized PID parameters. Adjusting the frequency-shifting constant modifies all the PID parameters simultaneously, thereby improving the control performance and robustness. We evaluate the robustness of the proposed online PID tuning method by comparing the gain margins (GMs) and phase margins (PMs) with previously optimized PID parameters during parameter uncertainties. The proposed method is further evaluated in terms of disturbance rejection, measurement noise, and frequency response analysis during parameter uncertainty calculations against existing methods. Simulations show that the proposed method significantly improves the robustness of the controller in the AVR system. In summary, online self-tuning enables automated PID parameter adjustment in an AVR system, while maintaining stability and robustness.
自动电压调节器(AVR)旨在自动控制同步发电机的电压水平。自动电压调节器系统通常使用比例积分导数(PID)控制器来调节电压。虽然已经提出了先进的 PID 调节方法,但由于建模误差和系统不确定性,实际电压响应与理论预测值存在差异。这就需要对 PID 参数进行持续微调。然而,手动调整这些参数会影响 AVR 系统的稳定性和鲁棒性。本研究的重点是在 AVR 系统中对 PID 控制器进行在线自调整(称为间接设计方法-2 (IDA-2)),同时保持鲁棒性。具体而言,我们通过移动频率响应来间接调整 PID 控制器。新的 PID 参数取决于移频常数和先前优化的 PID 参数。调整移频常数可同时修改所有 PID 参数,从而提高控制性能和鲁棒性。我们通过比较参数不确定时的增益裕度(GMs)和相位裕度(PMs)与先前优化的 PID 参数,来评估所提出的在线 PID 调节方法的鲁棒性。在参数不确定性计算期间,还从干扰抑制、测量噪声和频率响应分析等方面进一步评估了拟议方法与现有方法的比较。模拟结果表明,所提出的方法显著提高了 AVR 系统中控制器的鲁棒性。总之,在线自整定实现了 AVR 系统中 PID 参数的自动调整,同时保持了稳定性和鲁棒性。
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引用次数: 0
Investigating and predicting the role of photovoltaic, wind, and hydrogen energies in sustainable global energy evolution 调查和预测光伏、风能和氢能在全球可持续能源发展中的作用
IF 1.9 Q4 ENERGY & FUELS Pub Date : 2024-08-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.gloei.2024.08.009
Mahmood Swadi , Dheyaa Jasim Kadhim , Mohamed Salem , Firas Mohammed Tuaimah , Ammar Sabri. Majeed , Ali Jawad Alrubaie

The global shift toward next-generation energy systems is propelled by the urgent need to combat climate change and the dwindling supply of fossil fuels. This review explores the intricate challenges and opportunities for transitioning to sustainable renewable energy sources such as solar, wind, and hydrogen. This transition economically challenges traditional energy sectors while fostering new industries, promoting job growth, and sustainable economic development. The transition to renewable energy demands social equity, ensuring universal access to affordable energy, and considering community impact. The environmental benefits include a significant reduction in greenhouse gas emissions and a lesser ecological footprint. This study highlights the rapid growth of the global wind power market, which is projected to increase from $112.23 billion in 2022 to $278.43 billion by 2030, with a compound annual growth rate of 13.67%. In addition, the demand for hydrogen is expected to increase, significantly impacting the market with potential cost reductions and making it a critical renewable energy source owing to its affordability and zero emissions. By 2028, renewables are predicted to account for 42% of global electricity generation, with significant contributions from wind and solar photovoltaic (PV) technology, particularly in China, the European Union, the United States, and India. These developments signify a global commitment to diversifying energy sources, reducing emissions, and moving toward cleaner and more sustainable energy solutions. This review offers stakeholders the insights required to smoothly transition to sustainable energy, setting the stage for a resilient future.

应对气候变化的迫切需要和化石燃料供应的日益减少推动了全球向下一代能源系统的转变。本综述探讨了向太阳能、风能和氢能等可持续可再生能源过渡所面临的错综复杂的挑战和机遇。这种过渡在经济上对传统能源行业提出了挑战,同时也促进了新兴产业的发展,推动了就业增长和可持续经济发展。向可再生能源过渡要求社会公平,确保普遍获得负担得起的能源,并考虑对社区的影响。环境效益包括大幅减少温室气体排放和减少生态足迹。本研究强调了全球风力发电市场的快速增长,预计将从 2022 年的 1 122.3 亿美元增至 2030 年的 2 784.3 亿美元,复合年增长率为 13.67%。此外,对氢气的需求预计也将增加,这将对市场产生重大影响,因为氢气具有降低成本的潜力,并因其经济实惠和零排放而成为重要的可再生能源。预计到 2028 年,可再生能源将占全球发电量的 42%,其中风能和太阳能光伏(PV)技术将做出重大贡献,尤其是在中国、欧盟、美国和印度。这些发展标志着全球致力于实现能源多样化、减少排放,并向更清洁、更可持续的能源解决方案迈进。本综述为利益相关者提供了向可持续能源平稳过渡所需的洞察力,为实现具有复原力的未来奠定了基础。
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引用次数: 0
Vibration and noise mechanism of a 110 kV transformer under DC bias based on finite element method 基于有限元法的直流偏置下 110 千伏变压器的振动和噪声机理
IF 1.9 Q4 ENERGY & FUELS Pub Date : 2024-08-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.gloei.2024.08.012
Ziyang Li , Xujun Lang , Bo Yang , Xiaolin Liu , Hao Wang , Zhang Li

Global energy and environmental issues are becoming increasingly problematic, and the vibration and noise problem of 110 kV transformers, which are the most widely distributed, have attracted widespread attention from both inside and outside the industry. DC bias is one of the main contributing factors to vibration noise during the normal operation of transformers. To clarify the vibration and noise mechanism of a 110 kV transformer under a DC bias, a multi-field coupling model of a 110 kV transformer was established using the finite element method. The electromagnetic, vibration, and noise characteristics during the DC bias process were compared and quantified through field circuit coupling in parallel with the power frequency of AC, harmonic, and DC power sources. It was found that a DC bias can cause significant distortions in the magnetic flux density, force, and displacement distributions of the core and winding. The contributions of the DC bias effect to the core and winding are different at Kdc = 0.85. At this point, the core approached saturation, and the increase in the core force and displacement slowed. However, the saturation of the core increased the leakage flux, and the stress and displacement of the winding increased faster. The sound field distribution characteristics of the 110 kV transformer under a DC bias are related to the force characteristics. When the DC bias coefficient was 1.25, the noise sound pressure level reached 73.6 dB.

全球能源和环境问题日益突出,其中分布最广的 110 千伏变压器的振动和噪声问题引起了业内外的广泛关注。直流偏置是变压器正常运行时产生振动噪声的主要因素之一。为阐明直流偏置下 110 kV 变压器的振动和噪声机理,采用有限元法建立了 110 kV 变压器的多场耦合模型。通过与交流、谐波和直流电源的功率频率并联的场回路耦合,对直流偏置过程中的电磁、振动和噪声特性进行了比较和量化。研究发现,直流偏置会导致铁芯和绕组的磁通密度、磁力和位移分布发生严重扭曲。在 Kdc = 0.85 时,直流偏置效应对铁芯和绕组的贡献不同。此时,铁芯接近饱和,铁芯磁力和位移的增加速度减慢。然而,铁芯的饱和增加了漏磁通量,绕组的应力和位移增加得更快。110 kV 变压器在直流偏置下的声场分布特性与力特性有关。当直流偏置系数为 1.25 时,噪声声压级达到 73.6 dB。
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引用次数: 0
Collaborative robust dispatch of electricity and carbon under carbon allowance trading market 碳配额交易市场下的电力与碳协同稳健调度
IF 1.9 Q4 ENERGY & FUELS Pub Date : 2024-08-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.gloei.2024.08.003
Songyu Wu , Xiaoyan Qi , Xiang Li , Xuanyu Liu , Bolin Tong , Feiyu Zhang , Zhong Zhang

The launch of the carbon-allowance trading market has changed the cost structure of the power industry. There is an asynchronous coupling mechanism between the carbon-allowance-trading market and the day-ahead power-system dispatch. In this study, a data-driven model of the uncertainty in the annual carbon price was created. Subsequently, a collaborative, robust dispatch model was constructed considering the annual uncertainty of the carbon price and the daily uncertainty of renewable-energy generation. The model is solved using the column-and-constraint generation algorithm. An operation and cost model of a carbon-capture power plant (CCPP) that couples the carbon market and the economic operation of the power system is also established. The critical, profitable conditions for the economic operation of the CCPP were derived. Case studies demonstrated that the proposed low-carbon, robust dispatch model reduced carbon emissions by 2.67% compared with the traditional, economic, dispatch method. The total fuel cost of generation decreases with decreasing, conservative, carbon-price-uncertainty levels, while total carbon emissions continue to increase. When the carbon-quota coefficient decreases, the system dispatch tends to increase low-carbon unit output. This study can provide important guidance for carbon-market design and the low-carbon-dispatch selection strategies.

碳配额交易市场的启动改变了电力行业的成本结构。碳配额交易市场与日前电力系统调度之间存在异步耦合机制。在这项研究中,建立了一个以数据为驱动的年度碳价格不确定性模型。随后,考虑到碳价格的年度不确定性和可再生能源发电量的日不确定性,构建了一个协同、稳健的调度模型。该模型采用列约束生成算法求解。此外,还建立了碳捕集发电厂(CCPP)的运营和成本模型,该模型将碳市场和电力系统的经济运营结合在一起。得出了 CCPP 经济运行的关键盈利条件。案例研究表明,与传统的经济调度方法相比,所提出的低碳稳健调度模型减少了 2.67% 的碳排放量。随着保守的碳价格不确定性水平的降低,发电的总燃料成本也随之降低,而碳排放总量却持续增加。当碳配额系数降低时,系统调度倾向于增加低碳机组的输出。这项研究可为碳市场设计和低碳调度选择策略提供重要指导。
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引用次数: 0
Study on green power supply modes for heavy load in remote areas 偏远地区重负荷绿色供电模式研究
IF 1.9 Q4 ENERGY & FUELS Pub Date : 2024-08-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.gloei.2024.08.011
Yu Li , Yixi Cuomu , Yiming Gao , Guoqin Lv , Weiwei Lin , Sirui Li , Changchun Zhou

In this study, the present situation and characteristics of power supply in remote areas are summarized. By studying the cases of power supply projects in remote areas, the experience is analyzed and described, and the applicability of related technologies, such as grid-forming storage and power load management, is studied, including grid-connection technologies, such as grid-forming converters and power load management. On this basis, three power-supply modes were proposed. The application scenarios and advantages of the three modes were compared and analyzed. Based on the local development situation, the temporal sequences of the three schemes are described, and a case study was conducted. The study of the heavy-load power supply mode in remote areas contributes to solving the problem of heavy-load green power consumption in remote areas and promoting the further development of renewable energy.

本研究总结了偏远地区的供电现状和特点。通过对偏远地区供电工程案例的研究,分析和阐述了经验,研究了相关技术的适用性,如并网储能和电力负荷管理,包括并网技术,如并网变流器和电力负荷管理。在此基础上,提出了三种供电模式。对比分析了三种模式的应用场景和优势。根据当地发展情况,描述了三种方案的时序,并进行了案例研究。偏远地区重载供电模式的研究有助于解决偏远地区重载绿色用电问题,促进可再生能源的进一步发展。
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引用次数: 0
Improved combustion stability of biogas at different CO2 concentrations using inhomogeneous partially premixed stratified flames 利用非均质部分预混合分层火焰提高不同二氧化碳浓度下沼气的燃烧稳定性
IF 1.9 Q4 ENERGY & FUELS Pub Date : 2024-08-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.gloei.2024.08.008
Mohy Saad Mansour , Maged Kiriakos , Lili Hao , Mohamed Amr Serag-Eldin

Biogas is a renewable and clean energy source that plays an important role in the current environment of low- carbon transition. If high-content CO2 in biogas can be separated, transformed, and utilized, it not only realizes high-value utilization of biogas but also promotes carbon reduction in the biogas field. To improve the combustion stability of biogas, an inhomogeneous, partially premixed stratified (IPPS) combustion model was adopted in this study. The thermal flame structure and stability were investigated for a wide range of mixture inhomogeneities, turbulence levels, CO2 concentrations, air-to-fuel velocity ratios, and combustion energies in a concentric flow slot burner (CFSB). A fine-wire thermocouple is used to resolve the thermal flame structure. The flame size was reduced by increasing the CO2 concentration and the flames became lighter blue. The flame temperature also decreased with increase in CO2 concentration. Flame stability was reduced by increasing the CO2 concentration. However, at a certain level of mixture inhomogeneity, the concentration of CO2 in the IPPS mode did not affect the stability. Accordingly, the IPPS mode of combustion should be suitable for the combustion and stabilization of biogas. This should support the design of highly stabilized biogas turbulent flames independent of CO2 concentration. The data show that the lower stability conditions are partially due to the change in fuel combustion energy, which is characterized by the Wobbe index (WI). In addition, at a certain level of mixture inhomogeneity, the effect of the WI on flame stability becomes dominant.

沼气是一种可再生的清洁能源,在当前低碳转型的大环境下发挥着重要作用。如果能将沼气中的高浓度二氧化碳分离、转化和利用,不仅能实现沼气的高值化利用,还能促进沼气领域的碳减排。为了提高沼气的燃烧稳定性,本研究采用了非均质、部分预混分层(IPPS)燃烧模型。在同心流槽燃烧器(CFSB)中,研究了各种混合物不均匀度、湍流水平、二氧化碳浓度、空气与燃料速度比和燃烧能量下的热火焰结构和稳定性。细线热电偶用于解析热火焰结构。随着二氧化碳浓度的增加,火焰尺寸减小,火焰颜色变浅。火焰温度也随着二氧化碳浓度的增加而降低。火焰稳定性随着二氧化碳浓度的增加而降低。然而,在混合物不均匀度达到一定程度时,IPPS 模式下的二氧化碳浓度不会影响稳定性。因此,IPPS 燃烧模式应适用于沼气的燃烧和稳定。这将有助于设计与二氧化碳浓度无关的高度稳定的沼气湍流火焰。数据显示,稳定性较低的条件部分是由于燃料燃烧能量的变化造成的,这种变化以沃伯指数(WI)为特征。此外,在混合物不均匀度达到一定程度时,WI 对火焰稳定性的影响会变得非常重要。
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引用次数: 0
Dynamic optimal allocation of energy storage systems integrated within photovoltaic based on a dual timescale dynamics model 基于双时间尺度动力学模型的光伏一体化储能系统的动态优化配置
IF 1.9 Q4 ENERGY & FUELS Pub Date : 2024-08-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.gloei.2024.08.005
Kecun Li , Zhenyu Huang , Youbo Liu , Yaser Qudaih , Junyong Liu

Energy storage systems (ESSs) operate as independent market participants and collaborate with photovoltaic (PV) generation units to enhance the flexible power supply capabilities of PV units. However, the dynamic variations in the profitability of ESSs in the electricity market are yet to be fully understood. This study introduces a dual-timescale dynamics model that integrates a spot market clearing (SMC) model into a system dynamics (SD) model to investigate the profit-aware capacity growth of ESSs and compares the profitability of independent energy storage systems (IESSs) with that of an ESS integrated within a PV (PV-ESS). Furthermore, this study aims to ascertain the optimal allocation of the PV-ESS. First, SD and SMC models were set up. Second, the SMC model simulated on an hourly timescale was incorporated into the SD model as a subsystem, a dual-timescale model was constructed. Finally, a development simulation and profitability analysis was conducted from 2022 to 2040 to reveal the dynamic optimal range of PV-ESS allocation. Additionally, negative electricity prices were considered during clearing processes. The simulation results revealed differences in profitability and capacity growth between IESS and PV-ESS, helping grid investors and policymakers to determine the boundaries of ESSs and dynamic optimal allocation of PV-ESSs.

储能系统(ESS)作为独立的市场参与者运作,并与光伏(PV)发电装置合作,以增强光伏装置的灵活供电能力。然而,ESS 在电力市场中的盈利能力的动态变化尚待充分了解。本研究引入了一个双时间尺度动力学模型,将现货市场清算(SMC)模型集成到系统动力学(SD)模型中,以研究ESS 的盈利意识容量增长,并比较独立储能系统(IESS)与集成在光伏发电(PV-ESS)中的ESS 的盈利能力。此外,本研究还旨在确定 PV-ESS 的最佳分配。首先,建立了 SD 和 SMC 模型。其次,将以小时为时间尺度模拟的 SMC 模型作为子系统纳入 SD 模型,构建了双时间尺度模型。最后,从 2022 年到 2040 年进行了发展模拟和盈利分析,以揭示 PV-ESS 分配的动态优化范围。此外,在清算过程中还考虑了负电价。模拟结果揭示了 IESS 和 PV-ESS 在盈利能力和容量增长方面的差异,有助于电网投资者和政策制定者确定 ESS 的边界和 PV-ESS 的动态优化配置。
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引用次数: 0
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