{"title":"Complications as through presentation in pentazocine dependence among the healthcare personnel: A case series from consultation-liaison addiction psychiatry","authors":"N. Dhagudu, Sathish Attili","doi":"10.4103/amh.amh_180_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/amh.amh_180_21","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":36181,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Mental Health","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70674674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kannappa V. Shetty, Mahesh Desai, Ashish Srivastava, P. Marimuthu, S. Manikappa, Urmila Bamney
Background: The COVID-19 is a viral communicable disease and the World Health Organization declared it as a public health emergency of international concern. This pandemic has challenged the entire world including India's health-care system and resources. It is a devastating recurrence in people with underlying health issues or comorbidities, eventually resulting in mortality. Comorbidities including both medical and psychological disorders among COVID patients have a large amount of impact on the individual's mental health as well as functioning. Materials and Methods: The study comprised 800 hospitalized COVID-19 patients during the first wave from North Karnataka region in India. The data were collected using a structured interview schedule through hospital telephones. The ethical approval was obtained from the Institute Research Ethics Committee. Results: The mean age of the hospitalized COVID patients was 41.02 ± 15.21, and the mean age of comorbidity was 47.69 ± 14.84. Following medical comorbidities such as diabetes (9.3%), hypertension (9.3%), cancer (1.8%), diabetes + hypertension (2.1%), and asthma (0.9%) and psychological comorbidities such as anxiety (3.8%) and depression (3.3%) were found among the hospitalized COVID patients during the first wave. Conclusions: It can be observed that comorbidity may increase the risk of death among COVID patients who were hospitalized and appropriate medical and psychological interventions can be provided for various co comorbidities at the earliest to prevent further defuncting and distress caused by the pandemic.
{"title":"Medical and psychological comorbidity among COVID patients during the first wave in Dharwad District of South India: A cross-sectional study","authors":"Kannappa V. Shetty, Mahesh Desai, Ashish Srivastava, P. Marimuthu, S. Manikappa, Urmila Bamney","doi":"10.4103/amh.amh_136_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/amh.amh_136_21","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The COVID-19 is a viral communicable disease and the World Health Organization declared it as a public health emergency of international concern. This pandemic has challenged the entire world including India's health-care system and resources. It is a devastating recurrence in people with underlying health issues or comorbidities, eventually resulting in mortality. Comorbidities including both medical and psychological disorders among COVID patients have a large amount of impact on the individual's mental health as well as functioning. Materials and Methods: The study comprised 800 hospitalized COVID-19 patients during the first wave from North Karnataka region in India. The data were collected using a structured interview schedule through hospital telephones. The ethical approval was obtained from the Institute Research Ethics Committee. Results: The mean age of the hospitalized COVID patients was 41.02 ± 15.21, and the mean age of comorbidity was 47.69 ± 14.84. Following medical comorbidities such as diabetes (9.3%), hypertension (9.3%), cancer (1.8%), diabetes + hypertension (2.1%), and asthma (0.9%) and psychological comorbidities such as anxiety (3.8%) and depression (3.3%) were found among the hospitalized COVID patients during the first wave. Conclusions: It can be observed that comorbidity may increase the risk of death among COVID patients who were hospitalized and appropriate medical and psychological interventions can be provided for various co comorbidities at the earliest to prevent further defuncting and distress caused by the pandemic.","PeriodicalId":36181,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Mental Health","volume":"23 1","pages":"62 - 66"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43341368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: Nursing fraternity plays a pivotal role in psychiatric services. Psychiatric conditions and persons suffering from them may elicit the different kinds of attitudinal responses. While there are multiple factors leading to an individual's decision to specialize in psychiatry, the individual's perceptions and attitudes toward psychiatry tend to play an essential role Aim: The current study aimed at assessing the attitude toward psychiatry among nursing students at a tertiary care hospital. Design: Cross-sectional study. Materials and Methods: One hundred and thirty-seven nursing students from Tertiary care teaching hospital were recruited the study and administered attitudes assessed using Attitudes toward Psychiatry-18 Scale. Statistical Analysis: Data were analyzed using the SPSS statistics version 23. Results: Majority of respondents showed favorable attitudes toward 14 items and unfavorable attitudes in remaining 4 items. Only 29.9% participants expressed their willingness to specialize in psychiatric nursing. Conclusions: A study found majority of students having favorable attitudes toward psychiatry. More can be done in the present education and training curriculum to develop empathetic attitudes toward people with mental illness, as it will affect the way these prospective nursing students deliver care toward their patients.
{"title":"Study on perception towards psychiatry among nursing students in a tertiary care hospital","authors":"K.V.M Sailahari, R. Abhinaya, K. Ramireddy","doi":"10.4103/amh.amh_114_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/amh.amh_114_21","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Nursing fraternity plays a pivotal role in psychiatric services. Psychiatric conditions and persons suffering from them may elicit the different kinds of attitudinal responses. While there are multiple factors leading to an individual's decision to specialize in psychiatry, the individual's perceptions and attitudes toward psychiatry tend to play an essential role Aim: The current study aimed at assessing the attitude toward psychiatry among nursing students at a tertiary care hospital. Design: Cross-sectional study. Materials and Methods: One hundred and thirty-seven nursing students from Tertiary care teaching hospital were recruited the study and administered attitudes assessed using Attitudes toward Psychiatry-18 Scale. Statistical Analysis: Data were analyzed using the SPSS statistics version 23. Results: Majority of respondents showed favorable attitudes toward 14 items and unfavorable attitudes in remaining 4 items. Only 29.9% participants expressed their willingness to specialize in psychiatric nursing. Conclusions: A study found majority of students having favorable attitudes toward psychiatry. More can be done in the present education and training curriculum to develop empathetic attitudes toward people with mental illness, as it will affect the way these prospective nursing students deliver care toward their patients.","PeriodicalId":36181,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Mental Health","volume":"23 1","pages":"35 - 39"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45436446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Context: Dementia is an already established major clinical health problem globally as well as in India. Neuroimaging, particularly magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), has an established role to support a clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) by identifying certain brain atrophy patterns. Aims: The aim of this study was to assess clinico-radiological utility of neuroimaging biomarkers of AD. Settings and Design: This was an observational study with cross-sectional design with 36 patients of AD in a tertiary care hospital in Eastern India. Materials and Methods: Patients with AD in the age group of 55–90 years were subjected to MRI brain examination as per protocol at the Department of Radiodiagnosis, IPGMER and SSKM Hospital, Kolkata. The GCA (Global Cortical Atrophy) score, mesial temporal atrophy (MTA) score, Fazekas grading score, and Koedam score were determined and these MRI parameters were correlated statistically with Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) score for further analysis. Statistical Analysis Used: IBM SPSS Statistics Version 20 was used as a statistical tool, and Spearman's rho coefficient was used as statistical test for correlation, and P < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results: Average hippocampal volumes showed a significant negative correlation with CDR depicting a clinical deterioration, can be used as probable marker of brain atrophy. This is reinforced by the findings of significant positive correlations of CDR with GCA, MTA, and Koedam's score. Conclusions: It is proposed that global cortical atrophy, MTA, and Koedam score can be used as a basic screening imaging biomarker of AD in the population with dementia.
{"title":"Correlation between Clinical Dementia Rating and brain neuroimaging metrics of Alzheimer's disease: An observational study from a tertiary care institute of Eastern India","authors":"A. Sau, S. Chakraborty, S. Mandal, S. Kundu","doi":"10.4103/amh.amh_87_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/amh.amh_87_21","url":null,"abstract":"Context: Dementia is an already established major clinical health problem globally as well as in India. Neuroimaging, particularly magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), has an established role to support a clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) by identifying certain brain atrophy patterns. Aims: The aim of this study was to assess clinico-radiological utility of neuroimaging biomarkers of AD. Settings and Design: This was an observational study with cross-sectional design with 36 patients of AD in a tertiary care hospital in Eastern India. Materials and Methods: Patients with AD in the age group of 55–90 years were subjected to MRI brain examination as per protocol at the Department of Radiodiagnosis, IPGMER and SSKM Hospital, Kolkata. The GCA (Global Cortical Atrophy) score, mesial temporal atrophy (MTA) score, Fazekas grading score, and Koedam score were determined and these MRI parameters were correlated statistically with Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) score for further analysis. Statistical Analysis Used: IBM SPSS Statistics Version 20 was used as a statistical tool, and Spearman's rho coefficient was used as statistical test for correlation, and P < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results: Average hippocampal volumes showed a significant negative correlation with CDR depicting a clinical deterioration, can be used as probable marker of brain atrophy. This is reinforced by the findings of significant positive correlations of CDR with GCA, MTA, and Koedam's score. Conclusions: It is proposed that global cortical atrophy, MTA, and Koedam score can be used as a basic screening imaging biomarker of AD in the population with dementia.","PeriodicalId":36181,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Mental Health","volume":"23 1","pages":"56 - 61"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44089704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"An attempt of lethal self-harm in a 7-year-old child","authors":"Smitha Ramadas, S. Vijayakumar","doi":"10.4103/amh.amh_71_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/amh.amh_71_22","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":36181,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Mental Health","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70677234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Sexual dysfunction in women suffering from major depressive disorder: A cross-sectional study","authors":"R. Pindikura, K. Kumar, JavangulaSwetha Krishna","doi":"10.4103/amh.amh_92_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/amh.amh_92_22","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":36181,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Mental Health","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70678101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) are the main reason for medical attention in dementia patients. Most of the time caregivers get attentive toward dementia only after BPSD. The patient's quality of life is dependent on severity and burden of psychological symptoms. Most common BPSD manifestations are agitation/aggression, depression, psychosis, and social disinhibition. We are presenting the current biological understanding and brief review of pharmacological treatment of BPSD. The current review is based on PUBMED search with the following key words “Neuro-cognitive Disorders” AND “BPSD” AND “Pharmacological Treatment,” “Antipsychotics,” “Antidepressants,” “Mood Stabilizers,” “Benzodiazepines,” “Cognitive Enhancer,” “Antihypertensive.” We have selected all reviews, systemic reviews, meta-analysis, and randomized trials on pharmacotherapy in BPSD from 2002 to 2021. Brief review on BPSD will help to fill the knowledge gap of clinical decision on pharmacotherapy in BPSD patients. It is not a systemic review but only brief view point or commentary/summary on evidence-based pharmacotherapy in BPSD.
{"title":"Pharmacological management of behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia: Brief review","authors":"Shobit Garg, D. Goel, S. Krishna","doi":"10.4103/amh.amh_12_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/amh.amh_12_21","url":null,"abstract":"Behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) are the main reason for medical attention in dementia patients. Most of the time caregivers get attentive toward dementia only after BPSD. The patient's quality of life is dependent on severity and burden of psychological symptoms. Most common BPSD manifestations are agitation/aggression, depression, psychosis, and social disinhibition. We are presenting the current biological understanding and brief review of pharmacological treatment of BPSD. The current review is based on PUBMED search with the following key words “Neuro-cognitive Disorders” AND “BPSD” AND “Pharmacological Treatment,” “Antipsychotics,” “Antidepressants,” “Mood Stabilizers,” “Benzodiazepines,” “Cognitive Enhancer,” “Antihypertensive.” We have selected all reviews, systemic reviews, meta-analysis, and randomized trials on pharmacotherapy in BPSD from 2002 to 2021. Brief review on BPSD will help to fill the knowledge gap of clinical decision on pharmacotherapy in BPSD patients. It is not a systemic review but only brief view point or commentary/summary on evidence-based pharmacotherapy in BPSD.","PeriodicalId":36181,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Mental Health","volume":"23 1","pages":"67 - 71"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47871245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Web-based survey emerged as an important research methodology in the past two decades, its use further increasing during the COVID-19 pandemic. Need for quick data collection and information processing during coronavirus outbreak and stringent conditions of social distancing and lockdown significantly affected research culture. Several researchers turning toward safer, rapid, and reliable research methodology and adopting web-based surveys as a research tool, it is pertinent to be mindful of various technical and ethical aspects, effective use, and limitations of web-based surveys to uphold the standard of research work.
{"title":"Conducting online web-based surveys at the time of COVID-19 pandemic: A short report","authors":"Ajay Kumar, Suhas Chandran, Aditya Somani","doi":"10.4103/AMH.AMH_44_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/AMH.AMH_44_20","url":null,"abstract":"Web-based survey emerged as an important research methodology in the past two decades, its use further increasing during the COVID-19 pandemic. Need for quick data collection and information processing during coronavirus outbreak and stringent conditions of social distancing and lockdown significantly affected research culture. Several researchers turning toward safer, rapid, and reliable research methodology and adopting web-based surveys as a research tool, it is pertinent to be mindful of various technical and ethical aspects, effective use, and limitations of web-based surveys to uphold the standard of research work.","PeriodicalId":36181,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Mental Health","volume":"22 1","pages":"158 - 161"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43634714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Individuals with eveningness chronotype may be at a higher risk for developing unhealthy lifestyle and cardiovascular risk factors. Screening with traditional biomarkers may not help in detecting children and young adults with such a risk. There is paucity of literature studying novel biomarkers such as Apo B/ApoA1 ratio and highly sensitive C reactive protein (hs CRP) in predicting cardiometabolic risk in this population. Objectives: To study the prevalence of eveningness chronotype in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and to know its association with metabolic risk factors that predict cardiometabolic consequences. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study consisted of thirty consenting adolescents and young adults who were on treatment for ADHD. Sociodemographic details were collected and the Morningness-eveningness questionnaire, alcohol use disorders identification test, HIV risk-taking behavior scale-sexual behavior subsection were used to determine eveningness, alcohol use, and risky sexual behavior, respectively. Body mass index (BMI) was measured. Blood investigations high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, total cholesterol, triglycerides, Apo B/A1 ratio, lipoprotein A, and hsCRP were sent. Results: The prevalence of eveningness in our study participants was 30% (n = 9). Risky sexual behavior was more among those with eveningness (P = 0.03). Those with eveningness had significantly earlier sexual experience (P = 0.05). Alcohol use was also significantly more in those with eveningness (P = 0.02). There was no significant difference in traditional markers such as BMI, lipid profile for cardiometabolic risk among study participants with or without eveningness. However, Apo B/A1 ratio was significantly more in those with eveningness (P = 0.01). Conclusion: Eveningness chronotype is common in ADHD which could indicate risk for future cardiometabolic consequences in addition to behavioral issues. There is a need for large-scale cohort studies studying cardiometabolic risk and the clinical utility of novel biomarkers such as ApoB/ApoA1 in this population.
{"title":"Prevalence of eveningness and its association with cardiometabolic risk factors, risky sexual behavior, and alcohol use in adolescents and young adult males with ADHD","authors":"Shankar Kumar, Sneha Venkatakrishna, Karthik Ambalavana, Shruthi Nayak","doi":"10.4103/amh.amh_61_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/amh.amh_61_20","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Individuals with eveningness chronotype may be at a higher risk for developing unhealthy lifestyle and cardiovascular risk factors. Screening with traditional biomarkers may not help in detecting children and young adults with such a risk. There is paucity of literature studying novel biomarkers such as Apo B/ApoA1 ratio and highly sensitive C reactive protein (hs CRP) in predicting cardiometabolic risk in this population. Objectives: To study the prevalence of eveningness chronotype in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and to know its association with metabolic risk factors that predict cardiometabolic consequences. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study consisted of thirty consenting adolescents and young adults who were on treatment for ADHD. Sociodemographic details were collected and the Morningness-eveningness questionnaire, alcohol use disorders identification test, HIV risk-taking behavior scale-sexual behavior subsection were used to determine eveningness, alcohol use, and risky sexual behavior, respectively. Body mass index (BMI) was measured. Blood investigations high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, total cholesterol, triglycerides, Apo B/A1 ratio, lipoprotein A, and hsCRP were sent. Results: The prevalence of eveningness in our study participants was 30% (n = 9). Risky sexual behavior was more among those with eveningness (P = 0.03). Those with eveningness had significantly earlier sexual experience (P = 0.05). Alcohol use was also significantly more in those with eveningness (P = 0.02). There was no significant difference in traditional markers such as BMI, lipid profile for cardiometabolic risk among study participants with or without eveningness. However, Apo B/A1 ratio was significantly more in those with eveningness (P = 0.01). Conclusion: Eveningness chronotype is common in ADHD which could indicate risk for future cardiometabolic consequences in addition to behavioral issues. There is a need for large-scale cohort studies studying cardiometabolic risk and the clinical utility of novel biomarkers such as ApoB/ApoA1 in this population.","PeriodicalId":36181,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Mental Health","volume":"22 1","pages":"92 - 97"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70677671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Akhilesh, Anupama Priyamkari, A. Kakunje, R. Karkal
Introduction: Psychiatric illnesses such as bipolar affective disorder, major depressive disorder, schizophrenia, and dementia can cause significant burden to patient as well as family members. About 14% of the global burden of disease is attributed to neuropsychiatric disorders. Half of the patients with psychiatric illness reported disability in all three domains of work, social, and family life. Aims: (1) To study if caring for patients with major psychiatric illness will lead to significant caregiver's burden. (2) To find the association between caregiver's burden and psychiatric morbidity among the caregivers. Materials and Methods: It is a cross-sectional study conducted at a tertiary care teaching hospital after obtaining institutional ethical clearance. One hundred caregivers of outpatients diagnosed with major psychiatric illness including schizophrenia, bipolar affective disorder, dementia, and major depressive disorder for a period not <2 years were included in the study. The data were using recorded by means of Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview and burden assessment schedule. Results: Caregivers of patients with major depressive disorder experienced significantly less burden than those with bipolar disorder or schizophrenia. Spouses of patients experienced significantly more burden compared to other family members providing care. The study also revealed that caregivers caring for patients with longer duration of illness were found to have higher chance of experiencing moderate or severe levels of burden and that, as the age of the carers increased, they were more likely to experience higher levels of burden and caregivers with lower per-capita income experienced severe burden (P = 0.022). It was observed that several carers had psychiatric morbidities with Generalized Anxiety Disorder (56.9%, n = 45) being most commonly reported. This was followed by Major Depressive episode, current at 22.5% (n = 40) and dysthymia at 17.4% (n = 31). Conclusion: Caring for patients with major psychiatric illness leads to significant caregivers' burden. It can also lead to psychiatric morbidities among the caregivers.
{"title":"Cross sectional study on burden and psychiatric morbidity in the caregivers of patients of major psychiatric illness in a tertiary healthcare centre","authors":"M. Akhilesh, Anupama Priyamkari, A. Kakunje, R. Karkal","doi":"10.4103/amh.amh_62_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/amh.amh_62_20","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Psychiatric illnesses such as bipolar affective disorder, major depressive disorder, schizophrenia, and dementia can cause significant burden to patient as well as family members. About 14% of the global burden of disease is attributed to neuropsychiatric disorders. Half of the patients with psychiatric illness reported disability in all three domains of work, social, and family life. Aims: (1) To study if caring for patients with major psychiatric illness will lead to significant caregiver's burden. (2) To find the association between caregiver's burden and psychiatric morbidity among the caregivers. Materials and Methods: It is a cross-sectional study conducted at a tertiary care teaching hospital after obtaining institutional ethical clearance. One hundred caregivers of outpatients diagnosed with major psychiatric illness including schizophrenia, bipolar affective disorder, dementia, and major depressive disorder for a period not <2 years were included in the study. The data were using recorded by means of Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview and burden assessment schedule. Results: Caregivers of patients with major depressive disorder experienced significantly less burden than those with bipolar disorder or schizophrenia. Spouses of patients experienced significantly more burden compared to other family members providing care. The study also revealed that caregivers caring for patients with longer duration of illness were found to have higher chance of experiencing moderate or severe levels of burden and that, as the age of the carers increased, they were more likely to experience higher levels of burden and caregivers with lower per-capita income experienced severe burden (P = 0.022). It was observed that several carers had psychiatric morbidities with Generalized Anxiety Disorder (56.9%, n = 45) being most commonly reported. This was followed by Major Depressive episode, current at 22.5% (n = 40) and dysthymia at 17.4% (n = 31). Conclusion: Caring for patients with major psychiatric illness leads to significant caregivers' burden. It can also lead to psychiatric morbidities among the caregivers.","PeriodicalId":36181,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Mental Health","volume":"22 1","pages":"98 - 104"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45161143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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